scholarly journals The Role of Spatial Frequencies for Facial Pain Categorization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Charbonneau ◽  
Joël Guérette ◽  
Stéphanie Cormier ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Guillaume Lalonde-Beaudoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Pain Recognition ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Studies on low-level visual information underlying pain categorization have led to inconsistent findings. Some are showing an advantage for low spatial frequency information (SFs) and others a preponderance of mid SFs. This study aims to clarify this gap in knowledge since these results have different theoretical and practical implications, such as how far away an observer can be in order to categorize pain. This study addresses this question by using two complementary methods: a data-driven method without a priori about the most useful SFs for pain recognition and a more ecological method that simulates the distance of stimuli presentation. We reveal a broad range of important SF for pain recognition starting from low to relatively high SFs and showed that performance is optimal in a short to medium distance (1.2 to 4.8 meters) but declines significantly when mid SFs are no longer available. This study reconciles previous results that show an advantage of LSFs over HSFs when using arbitrary cutoffs, but above all reveal the prominent role of mid-SFs for pain recognition across two experimental tasks.

scholarly journals The role of spatial frequencies for facial pain categorization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Charbonneau ◽  
Joël Guérette ◽  
Stéphanie Cormier ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Guillaume Lalonde-Beaudoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Pain Recognition ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractStudies on low-level visual information underlying pain categorization have led to inconsistent findings. Some show an advantage for low spatial frequency information (SFs) and others a preponderance of mid SFs. This study aims to clarify this gap in knowledge since these results have different theoretical and practical implications, such as how far away an observer can be in order to categorize pain. This study addresses this question by using two complementary methods: a data-driven method without a priori expectations about the most useful SFs for pain recognition and a more ecological method that simulates the distance of stimuli presentation. We reveal a broad range of important SFs for pain recognition starting from low to relatively high SFs and showed that performance is optimal in a short to medium distance (1.2–4.8 m) but declines significantly when mid SFs are no longer available. This study reconciles previous results that show an advantage of LSFs over HSFs when using arbitrary cutoffs, but above all reveal the prominent role of mid-SFs for pain recognition across two complementary experimental tasks.

Multisensory Integration Is Modulated by Auditory Sound Frequency and Visual Spatial Frequency

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 589-611
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Green ◽  
Allison M. Pierce ◽  
Spencer L. Mac Adams
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sound Frequency ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Stimulus Features

Abstract Accurate integration of auditory and visual information is essential for our ability to communicate with others. Previous studies have shown that the temporal discrepancies over which audiovisual speech stimuli will be integrated into a coherent percept are much wider than those typically observed for simple stimuli like beeps and flashes of light. However, our sensitivity to the low-level features of simple stimuli is not constant. We hypothesized that part of the enhanced integration of audiovisual speech may be due to it consisting predominantly of the sound frequencies and visual spatial frequencies that humans are most sensitive to. Here, we examined integration behaviors for pure tones across the sound frequency spectrum and visual gratings across the spatial frequency spectrum to examine how these low-level features modulate integration. The temporal window of integration was modulated by both sound frequency and visual spatial frequency, with the widest integration window occurring when both stimuli fell within their respective peak sensitivity ranges. These results suggest that part of the increased tolerance for temporal asynchrony typically observed for audiovisual speech may be due to the differential integration of low-level stimulus features that are dominant within complex audiovisual speech.

Spatial Scale Interactions and Visual-Tracking Performance

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard C Hughes ◽  
David M Aronchick ◽  
Michael D Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
High Frequency Component ◽  
Stimulus Velocity ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Wide Range

It has previously been observed that low spatial frequencies (≤ 1.0 cycles deg−1) tend to dominate high spatial frequencies (≥ 5.0 cycles deg−1) in several types of visual-information-processing tasks. This earlier work employed reaction times as the primary performance measure and the present experiments address the possibility of low-frequency dominance by evaluating visually guided performance of a completely different response system: the control of slow-pursuit eye movements. Slow-pursuit gains (eye velocity/stimulus velocity) were obtained while observers attempted to track the motion of a sine-wave grating. The drifting gratings were presented on three types of background: a uniform background, a background consisting of a stationary grating, or a flickering background. Low-frequency dominance was evident over a wide range of velocities, in that a stationary high-frequency component produced little disruption in the pursuit of a drifting low spatial frequency, but a stationary low frequency interfered substantially with the tracking of a moving high spatial frequency. Pursuit was unaffected by temporal modulation of the background, suggesting that these effects are due to the spatial characteristics of the stationary grating. Similar asymmetries were observed with respect to the stability of fixation: active fixation was less stable in the presence of a drifting low frequency than in the presence of a drifting high frequency.

scholarly journals The General Factor of Psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: A Comparison of Alternative Modeling Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Angus Clark ◽  
Brian M. Hicks ◽  
Mike Angstadt ◽  
Saige Rutherford ◽  
Aman Taxali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Rank Ordering ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Criterion Variables ◽  
Practical Implications

Many models of psychopathology include a single general factor of psychopathology (GFP) or “p factor” to account for covariation across symptoms. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study provides a rich opportunity to study the development of the GFP. However, a variety of approaches for modeling the GFP have emerged, raising questions about how modeling choices impact estimated GFP scores. We used the ABCD baseline assessment (ages 9-10 years-old; N=11,875) of the parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to examine the implications of modeling the GFP using items versus scales; using a priori CBCL scales versus data-driven dimensions; and using bifactor, higher-order, or single-factor models. Children’s rank-ordering on the GFP was stable across models, with GFP scores similarly related to criterion variables. Results suggest that while theoretical debates about modeling the GFP continue, the practical implications of these choices for rank-ordering children and assessing external associations will often be modest.

Spatial Frequency Thresholds for Detecting Latent Facial Signals of Threat

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-227
Author(s):  
Nicholas Watier ◽  
Brock DeGagne
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Staircase Procedure ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

This study examined whether latent facial signals of threat can be detected at more extreme ranges of spatial frequencies (SFs), and thus with fewer frequencies from an optimal middle band for face identification, compared with latent nonthreatening facial signals. Using an adaptive staircase procedure and a two-interval forced-choice same-different task, SF thresholds from the lower and higher ends of the SF spectrum were obtained for nonexpressive threatening and nonthreatening faces. Threatening faces were discriminated from neutral faces more quickly and accurately, and engendered more extreme SF thresholds, compared with nonthreatening faces. The results indicate that the components of latent threatening facial signals can be detected under a greater degree of impoverished visual information for face processing compared with their nonthreatening counterparts.

Interocular Grouping of Visual Attributes during Binocular Rivalry

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
T V Papathomas ◽  
I Kovács ◽  
A Feher
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Visual Attributes ◽  
Competition Hypothesis ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The need to revise the eye competition hypothesis of binocular rivalry, and to include the role of stimulus competition has been demonstrated recently by Kovács, Papathomas, Feher, and Yang (1996 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA93 15508 – 15511) and Logothetis, Leopold, and Sheinberg [1996 Nature (London)380 621 – 624]. Kovács et al showed that observers can obtain one-colour percepts when presented with chromatically rivalrous stimuli, even when there are targets of two different colours in each eye. In this study we investigate whether other attributes, in addition to colour, can drive interocular grouping, and how they interact. We extended the ‘patchwork’ rivalrous stimuli (Kovács et al) to study how colour, orientation, spatial frequency, and motion can group interocularly, and how they interact in grouping. Gabor patches are used, because they allow conjunctions of attributes to be formed systematically. To study the ability of an attribute (or a combination of attributes) to group interocularly, we induce rivalry by virtue of interocular differences in that attribute (or combination), and keep the other attributes fixed in both eyes' images. The main advantage of these stimuli is that they enable us to decorrelate the effects of eye competition and percept competition in binocular rivalry. The data show that colour is the most powerful attribute in grouping, and that combinations are stronger than single attributes. Overall, the results indicate that similarity in low-level attributes can drive interocular grouping, and that binocular rivalry follows complex rules of perceptual organisation that cannot be accounted for by eye suppression alone.

scholarly journals Dynamics of spatial frequency tuning in mouse visual cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 2937-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samme Vreysen ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yuzo M. Chino ◽  
Lutgarde Arckens ◽  
Gert Van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Spatial Frequency Tuning ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

Neuronal spatial frequency tuning in primary visual cortex (V1) substantially changes over time. In both primates and cats, a shift of the neuron's preferred spatial frequency has been observed from low frequencies early in the response to higher frequencies later in the response. In most cases, this shift is accompanied by a decreased tuning bandwidth. Recently, the mouse has gained attention as a suitable animal model to study the basic mechanisms of visual information processing, demonstrating similarities in basic neuronal response properties between rodents and highly visual mammals. Here we report the results of extracellular single-unit recordings in the anesthetized mouse where we analyzed the dynamics of spatial frequency tuning in V1 and the lateromedial area LM within the lateral extrastriate area V2L. We used a reverse-correlation technique to demonstrate that, as in monkeys and cats, the preferred spatial frequency of mouse V1 neurons shifted from low to higher frequencies later in the response. However, this was not correlated with a clear selectivity increase or enhanced suppression of responses to low spatial frequencies. These results suggest that the neuronal connections responsible for the temporal shift in spatial frequency tuning may considerably differ between mice and monkeys.

The dual drivetrain model of digital transformation: role of industrial big-data-based affordance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zuopeng (Justin) Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Big Data ◽  
Technology Affordance ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeTo better understand the role of industrial big data in promoting digital transformation, the authors propose a theoretical framework of industrial big-data-based affordance in the form of an illustrative metaphor – what the authors call the “organizational drivetrain.”Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the effective use of industrial big data in the process of digital transformation based on the technology affordance–actualization theoretical lens. A software platform and services provider with more than 4,000 industrial enterprise clients in China was selected as the case study object for analyzing the digital affordance and actualization driven by industrial big data.FindingsDrawing on a revelatory case study, the authors identify three affordances of industrial big data in the organization, namely developing data-driven customized projects, provisioning equipment-data-driven life cycle services, establishing data-based trust and determining affordance actualization actions driven by technology and market. In addition, the authors reveal the underlying drivetrain mechanisms to advance industrial big data affordance and actualization: stabilizing, enriching and pioneering.Originality/valueThis study builds a drivetrain model on digital transformation by industrial big data affordance actualization. The authors also provide practical implications that can help practitioners to implement digital transformation effectively and extract value from their investment.

The Role of Spatial-Frequency Channels in the Perception of Local and Global Structure

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L Shulman ◽  
Marc A Sullivan ◽  
Ken Gish ◽  
William J Sakoda
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Global Structure ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

Adaptation and reaction-time techniques were used to examine the role of different spatial-frequency channels in the perception of local and global structure. Subjects were shown figures consisting of a large C composed of smaller Cs and asked to identify the orientation of either the global C or its local elements. Prior to performing the task subjects were adapted to different spatial frequencies and the effect on subsequent performance was assessed. Two main results were found. First, the adapting frequency that most affected the global task was often lower than that most affecting the local task, suggesting that high and low frequencies independently code the structure of an image. Second, reaction time to global figures was often faster than to local figures at all levels of detectability, again suggesting a role of low-frequency channels in global processing.

scholarly journals Title: Suppression durations for facial expressions under breaking continuous flash suppression: effects of faces’ low-level image properties.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Webb ◽  
Paul Hibbard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Suppression Effects

Perceptual biases for fearful facial expressions are observed across many studies. According to the low-level, visual-based account of these biases, fear expressions are advantaged in some way due to their image properties, such as low spatial frequency content. Breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) has explored these effects, and demonstrated similar biases for detecting fearful facial expressions. However, there is a degree of empirical disagreement regarding the range of spatial frequency content. Recent findings from a b-CFS study highlight the role of high, rather than low spatial frequency content in determining faces’ visibility. The present study contributes to ongoing discussions regarding the efficacy of b-CFS, and shows that the visibility of facial expressions varies according to how faces are normalised for physical contrast and spatially filtered. Findings show limited evidence of a bias for detecting fearful facial expressions, but importantly, they show that such biases are less likely to occur when faces are normalised for apparent, perceived contrast, compared to physical contrast. Together these findings further the current understanding of the combined effects of spatial frequency and contrast on face visibility under b-CFS, and raise important questions regarding procedures used to standardise facial stimuli.

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