scholarly journals Socio-economic drivers of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Africa: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley-Ann Lynnath Cannon ◽  
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji ◽  
Daniel Ter Goon
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a public health concern due to the high morbidity and mortality rates from the disease. The DR-TB is a multifaceted illness with expensive treatment regimens, toxic medications and most often the long duration of treatment constitutes a substantial financial burden on both infected patients and the health system. Despite significant research advances in the diagnosis and treatment, there is a paucity of synthesized evidence on how socio-economic factors are associated with DR-TB. This review aims to address this gap by synthesizing available evidence and data on the common socio-economic drivers of DR-TB infection in Africa.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases from January 2011 to January 2020 using Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review approach. An updated search was conducted on 21 September 2020. The eligibility criteria only included systematic reviews and studies with quantitative research methods (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and randomized-control trials). Studies conducted in Africa and focusing on socio-economic factors influencing DR-TB burden in African countries were also considered. Data was extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the study’s objectives. ResultsOut of the 154 articles that were retrieved for review, 20 abstracts of these articles met all the eligibility criteria. Of the 20 articles, 17 quantitative and 3 reviews. 2 additional articles were found eligible, following the updated search. The following themes were identified as major findings: Social and economic drivers associated with DR-TB. Substance abuse of which, stigma and discrimination were the prominent social drivers. Economic drivers included poverty, financial constraints because of job loss, loss of productive time during hospital admission and treatment costs. ConclusionThis review has highlighted which socio-economic factors contribute to DR- TB This is relevant to assist DR-TB management program and TB stakeholders in different settings to address identified socio-economic gaps and to reduce its negative impact on the programmatic management of DR TB. Therefore, redirecting strategies with more focus on socio-economic empowerment of DR-TB patients could be one of the innovative solutions to reduce the spread and eliminate DR-TB in Africa.

scholarly journals Socio-economic drivers of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Africa: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley-Ann Lynnath Cannon ◽  
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji ◽  
Daniel Ter Goon
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background: Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a public health concern due to the high morbidity and mortality rates from the disease. The DR-TB is a multifaceted illness with expensive treatment regimens, toxic medications and most often the long duration of treatment constitutes a substantial financial burden on both infected patients and the health system. Despite significant research advances in the diagnosis and treatment, there is a paucity of synthesized evidence on how socio-economic factors are associated with DR-TB. This review aims to address this gap by synthesizing available evidence and data on the common socio-economic drivers of DR-TB infection in Africa.Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases from January 2011 to January 2020 using Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review approach. An updated search was conducted on 21 September 2020. The eligibility criteria only included systematic reviews and studies with quantitative research methods (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and randomized-control trials). Studies conducted in Africa and focusing on socio-economic factors influencing DR-TB burden in African countries were also considered. Data was extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the study’s objectives.Results: Out of the 154 articles that were retrieved for review, 20 abstracts of these articles met all the eligibility criteria. Of the 20 articles, 17 quantitative and 3 reviews. 2 additional articles were found eligible, following the updated search. The following themes were identified as major findings: Social and economic drivers associated with DR-TB. Substance abuse of which, stigma and discrimination were the prominent social drivers. Economic drivers included poverty, financial constraints because of job loss, loss of productive time during hospital admission and treatment costs.Conclusion: This review has highlighted which socio-economic factors contribute to DR- TB This is relevant to assist DR-TB management program and TB stakeholders in different settings to address identified socio-economic gaps and to reduce its negative impact on the programmatic management of DR TB. Therefore, redirecting strategies with more focus on socio-economic empowerment of DR-TB patients could be one of the innovative solutions to reduce the spread and eliminate DR-TB in Africa.

scholarly journals Socio-economic drivers of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Africa: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley-Ann Lynnath Cannon ◽  
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji ◽  
Daniel Ter Goon
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a public health concern due to the high morbidity and mortality rates from the disease. The DR-TB is a multifaceted illness with expensive treatment regimens, toxic medications and most often the long duration of treatment constitutes a substantial financial burden on both infected patients and the health system. Despite significant research advances so far in the diagnosis and treatment, there is a paucity of synthesized evidence on how socio-economic factors are associated with DR-TB. This review aims to address this gap by synthesizing available evidence and data on the main socio-economic drivers of DR-TB infection in Africa. Methods We conducted a systematic search on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases from January 2011 to March 2020 using Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review approach. Our eligibility criteria only included systematic reviews and studies conducted with quantitative research methods (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and randomized-control trials) in this review. We also considered studies conducted in Africa and focused on socio-economic factors influencing DR-TB burden in African countries. Data was extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the study’s objectives. Results Out of the 154 articles that were retrieved for review, 20 abstracts of these articles met all the eligibility criteria and were fully reviewed. Of the 20 articles, one was a mixed-method study, 16 quantitative and 3 reviews. The following themes were identified as major findings: Social and economic drivers associated with DR-TB. Substance abuse of which, stigma and discrimination were the prominent social drivers. Economic drivers included poverty, financial constraints because of job loss, loss of productive time during hospital admission and treatment costs. Conclusion Our findings provide insights on the socio-economic drivers of DR-TB burden. This is relevant to assist DR-TB management program and TB stakeholders in different settings to address identified socio-economic gaps and to reduce its negative impact on the programmatic management of DR TB. Therefore, redirecting strategies with more focus on socio-economic empowerment of DR-TB patients could be one of the innovative solutions to reduce the spread and eliminate DR-TB in Africa.

scholarly journals Socio-economic drivers of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley-Ann Lynnath Cannon ◽  
Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji ◽  
Daniel Ter Goon
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a public health concern due to the high morbidity and mortality rates from the disease. The DR-TB is a multifaceted illness with expensive treatment regimens, toxic medications and most often the long duration of treatment constitutes a substantial financial burden on both infected patients and the health system. Despite significant research advances in the diagnosis and treatment, there is a paucity of synthesized evidence on how socio-economic factors are associated with DR-TB. This review aims to address this gap by synthesizing available evidence and data on the common socio-economic drivers of DR-TB infection in Africa. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases from January 2011 to January 2020 using Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review approach. An updated search was conducted on 21 September 2020. The eligibility criteria only included systematic reviews and studies with quantitative research methods (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and randomized-control trials). Studies conducted in Africa and focusing on socio-economic factors influencing DR-TB burden in African countries were also considered. Data was extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the study’s objectives. Results Out of the 154 articles that were retrieved for review, 20 abstracts of these articles met all the eligibility criteria. Of the 20 articles, 17 quantitative and 3 reviews. Two additional articles were found eligible, following the updated search. The following themes were identified as major findings: Social and economic drivers associated with DR-TB. Substance abuse of which, stigma and discrimination were the prominent social drivers. Economic drivers included poverty, financial constraints because of job loss, loss of productive time during hospital admission and treatment costs. Conclusion This review has highlighted which socio-economic factors contribute to DR- TB This is relevant to assist DR-TB management program and TB stakeholders in different settings to address identified socio-economic gaps and to reduce its negative impact on the programmatic management of DR TB. Therefore, redirecting strategies with more focus on socio-economic empowerment of DR-TB patients could be one of the innovative solutions to reduce the spread and eliminate DR-TB in Africa.

scholarly journals Analysis Of The Factors Influencing Household Expenditure In A South African Township

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Sekhampu ◽  
F. Niyimbanira
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
South African Township ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The study reported in this article examined the socio-economic determinants of household expenditure patterns in a South African township of Bophelong. The results are based on a household survey using questionnaires. A multiple regression model was used to explain responses in monthly expenditures to socio-economic factors. Household income, household size, the number of people who are employed, employment status, and the educational attainment of the household head were found to exert a strong positive impact on household expenditure. The marital status of the household head was associated with a negative impact on household expenditure. The gender and age of the household head had no impact on the variations in household expenditure. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of township residents by analysing the socio-economic factors associated with household expenditure.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adverse Drug Reactions Due to Tuberculosis Therapy in African Countries: a Systematic Scoping Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmiya Raúfo Irá ◽  
Neusa Torres Tovela ◽  
Elisa López Varela ◽  
Pravina Devi Laljeeth ◽  
Richard Beharilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tuberculosis Therapy ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a significant public health concern worldwide mainly in developing countries. Adverse drug reactions due to multi-drugs regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have negative implications such as toxicity, leading to poor compliance and interruption of medication before completion. Understanding the profile of ADRs is critical to establishing specific strategies for early detection, prevention and clinical management. The present study aims to map the existing literature on the determinants of adverse drug reactions due tuberculosis therapy in African countries. Methods and analysis: The scoping review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley framework as well as recommendations by Levac et al., and Colquhoun et al. The search strategy will include searching electronic databases such as Cochrane library, PubMed, EBSCOhost (including Medline), ProQuest, Google scholar; CINAHL with Full Text and other sources such as World Health Organization (WHO) and governmental websites. Peer-reviewed literature and grey literature of primary and secondary studies with different study designs which addresses the main question will be included. Studies published within the period of 2000 to 2020 are eligible. The selection process will involve screening titles, abstracts, full texts. A standardized data charting form will be created in google forms to extract relevant information from the included studies. The NVIVO software version 12 will be used for thematic analysis of the studies to summarize the review findings. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 and Authority Accuracy Coverage Objectivity Date Significance (AACODS) checklist (for grey literatures).Discussion: The study anticipates finding and mapping relevant research studies in African context on determinants of adverse drug reactions due to tuberculosis therapy. The synthesis of this evidence base will help to identify research gaps and will serve as guidance for future research studies on strengthening of the pharmacovigilance system of ADRs and its clinical management in Africa. The study findings will be disseminated through the traditional academic platforms, such as peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant local and international conferences, symposiums, and seminars.Systematic review registration: Prospero Registration Number: CRD42020203617.

scholarly journals Scoping review of food safety at transport stations in Africa

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e053856
Author(s):  
Busisiwe Purity Ncama ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel ◽  
Sinegugu E Duma ◽  
Gugu Mchunu ◽  
Phindile Guga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hygiene Practices

ObjectiveThe WHO has declared food safety as a public health concern. Transport hubs such as taxi ranks, bus stations and other transport exchange sites are major food trading/purchasing sites, particularly in Africa. Research evidence is needed to improve food safety policies and ensure consumption of safe food, owing to the increasing burden of foodborne diseases, particularly in the WHO Africa Region. We systematically mapped and described research evidence on food safety at transport stations in Africa.DesignA scoping review guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework.Data sourcesWe searched for original research articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with Full-text and Health Source), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from their inception to 25 October 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included studies that focused on food safety, involved transport stations, involved African countries and were published in English.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction was performed by two reviewers using a piloted-tested form. Thematic analysis was used to organise the data into themes and subthemes, and a narrative summary of the findings is presented.ResultsOf the total 23 852 articles obtained from the database searches, 16 studies published in 6 countries met the inclusion criteria. These 16 studies were published between 1997 and 2019, with the most (5) in 2014. Of the 16 studies, 43.8% (7) were conducted in South Africa, 3 studies in Ghana, 2 in Ethiopia and 1 study each in Nigeria, Kenya, Lesotho and Zambia. Most (44.4%) of the included studies focused on microbial safety of food; few studies (22.2%) focused on hygienic practices, and one study investigated the perspective of consumers or buyers. Microbes detected in the foods samples were Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, which resulted mainly from poor hygiene practices.ConclusionsThere is limited research that focused on food safety at transport stations in Africa, especially on aspects such as hygiene practices, food storage and occupational health and food safety. Therefore, we recommend more research in these areas, using various primary study designs, to inform and improve food safety policies and practices for transport stations in African countries alongside improving access to clean water/handwashing facilities, and undertaking structural changes to facilitate behaviours and monitoring for unintended consequences such as livelihoods of vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Intracranial hydatid disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
S.N. Gautam ◽  
Jigmisha Acharya ◽  
Banesh Jain ◽  
Piyush Kumar Panchariya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
And Control

Background: Echinococcosis also known as hydatid disease is an endemic zoonotic disease with growing public health concern with an estimated financial burden of US Dollars 193,539,740 annually. Its definitive host being carnivores and man being an accidental intermediate host. The most common organ affected is the liver, the brain is involved in about 2% of cases. Intracranial hydatid carries high morbidity owing to pressure effect and a slow-growing hence the diagnosis is often delayed. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, medical management being reserved for selected cases. Materials and method: A retrospective analysis of all the cases of intracranial hydatid disease managed at our department was done from 2013 to 2020 and data were analysed. Results: A total of 6 cases were found with an incidence of 1.33% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions during the study period with male to female ratio of 5:1, mean age at presentation 21.2 years, 4 out of 6 patient in the pediatric age group, cyst localised mainly in middle cerebral artery territory, mostly solitary but multiple in one case, all cases managed surgically with preoperative rupture in one case, recurrence noted in another one, Albendazole was given to cases only with rupture or recurrence. Conclusions:  Intracranial hydatid disease should be suspected in all non-enhancing cystic brain lesions especially in endemic regions and all patients should have preferably surgical excision using the “Dowling technique” with medical management reserved for inaccessible lesions, patients unfit for surgery, rupture and recurrent cases. Its high time when public health strategies should also be focussed on prevention and control of disease with appropriate measure at the community level.

The region's labor potential against the backdrop of depopulation: Assessment, trends, influences

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1100
Author(s):  
E.Ya. Pastukhova ◽  
E.A. Morozova ◽  
A.V. Mukhacheva
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Kemerovo Oblast ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Labor Potential

Subject. This article analyzes the changes in the basic characteristics of the region's labor potential. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the trends in the formation and realization of the region's labor potential in the conditions of depopulation, as well as identify socio-economic factors that affect the characteristics of the labor potential of the Kemerovo Oblast. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of correlation and regression analyses. Results. The article describes the dynamics of most quantitative parameters of the labor potential of the Kemerovo Oblast, lists the factors that have a negative impact on the number of employed, and factors contributing to the reduction of the unemployment rate. Conclusions. In the face of declining population, the regional policy should be aimed at strengthening the quality of working capacity.

scholarly journals Does Drug-Resistant Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Hinder TB Elimination Plans? A Case from Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sheelu Lohiya ◽  
Jaya Prasad Tripathy ◽  
Karuna Sagili ◽  
Vishal Khanna ◽  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of

Extrapulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-EPTB) poses a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Besides associated with high morbidity, it is a major financial burden for the patient and the health system. In spite of this, it has often been neglected as it does not “pose” a visible public health threat. We study clinical profiles, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with unfavourable outcomes among DR-EPTB patients under programmatic settings in New Delhi, India, and evaluate how this could impact TB elimination. A retrospective analysis of all DR-EPTB patients registered at three nodal DR-TB centres in Delhi in 2016 was carried out. Of the 1261 DR-TB patients registered, 203 (16%) were DR-EPTB, with lymph nodes (118, 58%) being the most common site, followed by bone (69, 34%). Nearly 29% (n = 58) experienced adverse drug reactions with severe vomiting (26, 13 %), joint pain (21, 10%) and behavioral disorder (15, 7%). History of previous TB treatment was observed in a majority of the cases (87.7%). Nearly one-third of DR-EPTB cases (33%) had unfavourable treatment outcomes, with loss-to-follow-up (n = 40, 58%) or death (n = 14, 20%) being the most common unfavourable outcomes. In the adjusted analysis, weight band 31–50 kilograms (aRR = 1.8, 1.2–3.4) and h/o previous TB (aRR = 2.1, 1.1–4.8) were mainly associated with unfavourable outcomes. TB elimination efforts need to focus on all forms of TB, including DR-EPTB, leaving no one behind, in order to realise the dream of ending TB.

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