scholarly journals Guidance is an intervention: experiences and reflections of message mediators and message recipients for ‘alcohol in pregnancy’ guidance.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Trickey ◽  
Rachel Brown
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pregnancy Planning ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Heavy alcohol use in pregnancy is associated with poorer outcomes for babies, while evidence of harm from drinking at low levels is limited. UK guidance has been progressively strengthened, so that current guidance, underpinned by a precautionary principle, is to abstain from drinking alcohol if pregnant or planning a pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore recipients’ and mediators’ awareness, experiences and reflections on the 2016 alcohol in pregnancy guidance. Methods Four focus groups explored the perspectives of policy makers, midwives, third sector advocates and new mothers. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Results Participants inferred a variety of lay programme theories to make sense of the precautionary principle, some of which may run counter to the intention of guidance developers. Participants also varied in their understanding of the role of message mediators, understandings included eliciting disclosures, communicating complexity, providing reassurance and contributing to social surveillance. Coherence of the guidance was challenged by paucity of underpinning evidence base, incongruence with the realities of pregnancy planning and a wider cultural norm of social drinking. Conclusions Improvements in efficacy may be achieved through recognition of guidance as a form of intervention in a complex system, underpinned by a logic model and with intended outcomes fully specified. Practical steps could be taken to nuance and layer communication of the underpinning evidence base. Communication strategies should carefully consider implications of ‘scope creep’ into pregnancy planning. Guidance could do more to address the role of partners and family members in supporting women’s decisions.

The role of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2110147
Author(s):  
Adrian Li ◽  
Anna Brackenridge
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diabetes In Pregnancy ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
In Pregnancy

The risks associated with diabetes in pregnancy include congenital anomalies, stillbirth and miscarriage, and correlate with glycaemia. The optimisation of diabetes during pregnancy is therefore both challenging and essential. Technology has revolutionised how clinicians and patients manage diabetes. This review article focuses on the role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in pregnancy, assessing the evidence available and providing an update on current guidance.

scholarly journals Should the healthcare compass in Australia point towards value-based primary healthcare?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Oliver-Baxter ◽  
Lynsey Brown ◽  
Paresh Dawda
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Networks ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Australian Context

This paper provides an overview of quality improvement in healthcare in an Australian context. Specifically, the paper considers issues around defining, quantifying, recording and incentivising quality improvement and accountability in primary healthcare. The role of newly emerging Primary Health Networks provides a context for the discussion. The paper draws on international learnings that provide a framework for examining the important elements of quality improvement among reforming primary healthcare organisations in order to support healthcare providers and offer an evidence base for policy makers and peak bodies moving forward.

Precaution and Participatory Integrated Assessment of GM crops in Spain

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Tàbara
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Scientific Expertise

Qualitative Participatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) has been carried out to unveil the different accounts and uses of the precautionary principle and of the precautionary approach in the management of Bt commercial crops in Spain. In particular, two main interpretations have been identified: a case by case precaution (or caution) and a systemic precaution. Three scenarios on the plausible causes and consequences of commercial GM crops policy futures and the role of the precautionary principle and of precaution in them were also developed. Further research found that these scenarios could be linked to two broader worldviews about different plausible societies, models of agriculture, and of the role of ethics in the management of science and technology. It is argued that such worldviews, which go beyond the bounded rationality of scientific expertise on commercial GM crops, are used by policy makers in Spain, rather than or in conjunction with expert assessments, to make complex decisions in situations of large uncertainties and high stakes.

scholarly journals Bridging the gap between science and policy: the importance of mutual respect, trust and the role of mediators

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. C01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bultitude ◽  
Paola Rodari ◽  
Emma Weitkamp
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Communities ◽  
News Services ◽  
Successful Collaboration ◽  
Future Practice ◽  
Research And Policy

Around the world there are widespread efforts to ensure that policy decisions are based upon a sound evidence base, and in particular to facilitate closer integration between the research and policy communities. This commentary provides an overview of the current situation in different parts of the world relating to the opportunities that exist for policy makers to assimilate scientific findings, as well as the existing barriers perceived by both the policy and research communities. Mutual trust and respect between the relevant parties emerge as crucial factors in successful collaboration. Skilled mediators are also considered essential to ensuring effective communication; this may be via third parties such as NGOs, or news services and online portals to convey, ‘translate’ and place in a policy context the scientific findings. Mechanisms for improving researchers’ communication skills as well as increasing their awareness of the need to communicate proactively with the policy community are also considered in order to inform future practice in this area.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

Role of dyslipidaemia and lipid peroxidation in pregnancy induced hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Saxena ◽  
KV Thimmaraju ◽  
PremC Srivastava ◽  
AyazK Mallick ◽  
Biswajit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

An Analytical Approach to Cruise Tourism As an Option For Development: a Case Study of the Sultanate of Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Heba Aziz ◽  
Osman El-Said ◽  
Marike Bontenbal
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Expenditure ◽  
Return Intention

The objective of this study was to measure the level of cruise tourists' satisfaction as well as the relationship between satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. Also, the impact of factors such as nationality, length of the visit, and age on the level of expenditure was measured. An empirical approach for data collection was followed and a total of 152 questionnaires were collected from cruise tourists visiting the capital city of Oman, Muscat, as cruise liners anchor at Sultan Qaboos Port. Results of the regression analysis supported the existence of a causal relationship between satisfaction with destination attributes, overall satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. It was found that the average expenditure varies according to age and length of the visit. Recommendations for policy makers were suggested on how to increase the role of cruise tourism in strengthening the economy.

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