scholarly journals Task-dependent effects of nicotine treatment on auditory performance in young-adult and elderly human nonsmokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Sun ◽  
Michelle Kapolowicz ◽  
Matthew Richardson ◽  
Raju Metherate ◽  
Fan-Gang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract Rationale Electrophysiological studies show that nicotine enhances neural responses to characteristic frequency stimuli. Previous behavioral studies partially corroborate these findings in young adults, showing that nicotine selectively enhances auditory processing in difficult listening conditions. The present work extended previous work to include both young and older adults and assessed the nicotine effect on sound frequency and intensity discrimination. Objectives Hypotheses were that nicotine improves auditory performance and that the degree of improvement is inversely proportional to baseline performance. Methods Young (19–23 years old) normal-hearing nonsmokers and elderly (61–80) nonsmokers with normal hearing up to at least 2 kHz received nicotine gum (6 mg) or placebo gum in a single-blind, randomized crossover design. Participants performed three experiments (frequency discrimination, frequency modulation identification, and intensity discrimination) before and after treatment. The perceptual differences were analyzed between post-treatment nicotine and placebo conditions as a function of pre-treatment baseline performance. Results Nicotine significantly improved performance for intensity discrimination, and improvement was more pronounced in the elderly with lower baseline performance. Nicotine had no overall effect on the two frequency related tasks. Conclusions Nicotine effects are task-dependent, enhancing intensity discrimination but not frequency performance.

scholarly journals Task-dependent effects of nicotine treatment on auditory performance in young-adult and elderly human nonsmokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Sun ◽  
Michelle R. Kapolowicz ◽  
Matthew Richardson ◽  
Raju Metherate ◽  
Fan-Gang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Modulation Identification ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractElectrophysiological studies show that nicotine enhances neural responses to characteristic frequency stimuli. Previous behavioral studies partially corroborate these findings in young adults, showing that nicotine selectively enhances auditory processing in difficult listening conditions. The present work extended previous work to include both young and older adults and assessed the nicotine effect on sound frequency and intensity discrimination. Hypotheses were that nicotine improves auditory performance and that the degree of improvement is inversely proportional to baseline performance. Young (19–23 years old) normal-hearing nonsmokers and elderly (61–80) nonsmokers with normal hearing between 500 and 2000 Hz received nicotine gum (6 mg) or placebo gum in a single-blind, randomized crossover design. Participants performed three experiments (frequency discrimination, frequency modulation identification, and intensity discrimination) before and after treatment. The perceptual differences were analyzed between pre- and post-treatment, as well as between post-treatment nicotine and placebo conditions as a function of pre-treatment baseline performance. Compared to pre-treatment performance, nicotine significantly improved frequency discrimination. Compared to placebo, nicotine significantly improved performance for intensity discrimination, and the improvement was more pronounced in the elderly with lower baseline performance. Nicotine had no effect on frequency modulation identification. Nicotine effects are task-dependent, reflecting possible interplays of subjects, tasks and neural mechanisms.

Speech Identification Difficulties of Hearing-Impaired Elderly Persons

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Humes ◽  
Laurel Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Identification Score ◽  
Masking Noise ◽  
Speech Identification

This study examined the performance of four subject groups on several temporally based measures of auditory processing and several measures of speech identification. The four subject groups were (a) young normal-hearing adults; (b) hearing-impaired elderly subjects ranging in age from 65 to 75 years; (c) hearing-impaired elderly adults ranging in age from 76 to 86 years; and (d) young normal-hearing listeners with hearing loss simulated with a spectrally shaped masking noise adjusted to match the actual hearing loss of the two elderly groups. In addition to between-group analyses of performance on the auditory processing and speech identification tasks, correlational and regression analyses within the two groups of elderly hearing-impaired listeners were performed. The results revealed that the threshold elevation accompanying sensorineural hearing loss was the primary factor affecting the speech identification performance of the hearing-impaired elderly subjects both as groups and as individuals. However, significant increases in the proportion of speech identification score variance accounted for were obtained in the elderly subjects by including various measures of auditory processing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Long-Term Unilateral Deafness on Auditory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 570-578
Author(s):  
Min Young Kwak ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Hyeon Sik Oh ◽  
Yong-Hwi An ◽  
Jong Ho Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Auditory Deprivation ◽  
Unilateral Deafness ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Auditory Process

Background and Objectives We investigated whether there are differences in auditory performance between the healthy ears of subjects with unilateral deafness (UD) and the control ears of subjects with normal hearing (NH) in both ears.Subjects and Method Sixteen subjects with acquired UD and 16 subjects with NH thresholds for both ears were enrolled. We compared the auditory performance of UD group and control group with NH in both ears.Results We found no meaningful differences in the three measures of psychoacoustic performance between the total healthy ears of subjects with UD and the ears of the control group. However, in the subgroup comparison, the left ears of subjects with right UD showed significantly poorer spectral-ripple discrimination (SRD) than the right ears of the subjects with left UD (<i>p</i>=0.006) and the ears of control subjects with NH (<i>p</i>=0.004).Conclusion Our findings indicate that after unilateral auditory deprivation, auditory processing is differentially affected by the side involved. In the subjects with acquired UD, the longterm hearing deprivation on the right side induced the down-regulation of central auditory process for SRD, but hearing deprivation on the left side did not affect SRD.

Impact of Lipid-Inflammatory-Oxidative Metabolism on Auditory Skills after Hearing Aid Fitting in the Elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Hundertmarck Lessa ◽  
Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz ◽  
Maria Fernanda Manica-Cattani ◽  
Rafael Noal Moresco ◽  
Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Auditory Skills

This study aimed to assess whether lipid-inflammatory-oxidative metabolism influences auditory processing skills, and whether they function in changing auditory performance after hearing aid fitting in the elderly. Twelve subjects with bilateral hearing loss were submitted to blood tests (to check their lipid-inflammatory-oxidative metabolism) and auditory processing skill tests. After 3 months of using the hearing aids, their auditory skills were re-evaluated and the data were correlated statistically. Oxidative stress levels mainly showed some impact on auditory temporal processing; such a relation and others should best be examined in further studies with larger populations.

scholarly journals Defining the Role of Attention in Hierarchical Auditory Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Caitlin N. Price ◽  
Deborah Moncrieff
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Neural Encoding ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

Communication in noise is a complex process requiring efficient neural encoding throughout the entire auditory pathway as well as contributions from higher-order cognitive processes (i.e., attention) to extract speech cues for perception. Thus, identifying effective clinical interventions for individuals with speech-in-noise deficits relies on the disentanglement of bottom-up (sensory) and top-down (cognitive) factors to appropriately determine the area of deficit; yet, how attention may interact with early encoding of sensory inputs remains unclear. For decades, attentional theorists have attempted to address this question with cleverly designed behavioral studies, but the neural processes and interactions underlying attention’s role in speech perception remain unresolved. While anatomical and electrophysiological studies have investigated the neurological structures contributing to attentional processes and revealed relevant brain–behavior relationships, recent electrophysiological techniques (i.e., simultaneous recording of brainstem and cortical responses) may provide novel insight regarding the relationship between early sensory processing and top-down attentional influences. In this article, we review relevant theories that guide our present understanding of attentional processes, discuss current electrophysiological evidence of attentional involvement in auditory processing across subcortical and cortical levels, and propose areas for future study that will inform the development of more targeted and effective clinical interventions for individuals with speech-in-noise deficits.

Effect of Realistic Test Conditions on Spectral and Temporal Processing in Normal-Hearing Listeners

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Yang-Soo Yoon ◽  
Callie Michelle Boren ◽  
Brianna Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Discrimination Threshold ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Order ◽  
Pure Tones

Purpose To measure the effect of testing conditions (in the soundproof booth vs. quiet room), test order, and number of test sessions on spectral and temporal processing in normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Method Thirty-two adult NH listeners participated in the three experiments. For all three experiments, the stimuli were presented to the left ear at the subjects' most comfortable level through headphones. All tests were administered in an adaptive three-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Experiment 1 was designed to compare the effect of soundproof booth and quiet room test conditions on amplitude modulation detection threshold and modulation frequency discrimination threshold with each of the five modulation frequencies. Experiment 2 was designed to compare the effect of two test orders on the frequency discrimination thresholds under the quiet room test conditions. The thresholds were first measured in the ascending and descending order of four pure tones, and then with counterbalanced order. For Experiment 3, the amplitude discrimination threshold under the quiet room testing condition was assessed 3 times to determine the effect of the number of test sessions. Then the thresholds were compared over the sessions. Results Results showed no significant effect of test environment. The test order is an important variable for frequency discrimination, particularly between piano tunes and pure tones. Results also show no significant difference across test sessions. Conclusions These results suggest that a controlled test environment may not be required in spectral and temporal assessment for NH listeners. Under the quiet test environment, a single outcome measure is sufficient, but test orders should be counterbalanced.

Reminiscence: A Nonformal Technique for Improving Cognitive Functioning in the Aged

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Hughston ◽  
Sharan B. Merriam
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
New Material ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Housing Complex

This study investigated the effect of a structured reminiscent intervention program upon cognitive functioning of the elderly. The sample consisted of 105 volunteers residing in a public housing complex in central Pennsylvania. Using an experimental design, the volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. One group was given learning tasks to be performed using material from their past personal lives. A second group was asked to perform operations on new material and a control group was pre and posttested but given no treatment. It was found that females in the reminiscent group significantly improved scores of cognitive functioning as measured by the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices. Secondly, compared with the control group, both the reminiscent and new material groups improved performance as a result of the planned learning activities. Both findings suggest that attempts to stimulate cognitive functioning in older people are worth undertaking, and that memories can provide the material for such activities.

The Effect of Citalopram Versus a Placebo on Central Auditory Processing in the Elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Fernando Polanski ◽  
Alexandra Dezani Soares ◽  
Liliane Desgualdo Pereira ◽  
Oswaldo Laercio de Mendonça Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Central Auditory Processing

QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ELDERLY WITH AN ACQUIRED SINGLE-SIDED DEAFNESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
С. А. Карпищенко ◽  
Я. Л. Щербакова
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Single Sided Deafness

Цель исследования - оценка негативного влияния приобретенной односторонней глухоты на качество жизни пожилых пациентов. Выполнен проспективный анализ амбулаторных карт на предмет выявления пожилых пациентов с односторонней глухотой с последующим анкетированием при помощи опросников PSQ, HHIE, THI. Основными критериями включения являлись возраст старше 60 лет, одностороннее снижение слуха с порогами восприятия, соответствующими глухоте (>90 дБ), внезапное начало заболевания и продолжительность глухоты не более 5 лет. У пациентов с односторонней глухотой, которые составили основную группу исследования (n=25), по сравнению с пациентами контрольной группы (n=25) были выявлены повышенный уровень стресса и ухудшение качества жизни, о чем свидетельствуют данные опроса. Пациенты предъявляли жалобы на неудовлетворительную разборчивость речи, выраженный шум в пораженном ухе, невозможность определить источник звука и необходимость адаптироваться к определённым акустическим ситуациям, что требовало повышенной концентрации внимания, приводило к переутомлению, повышенной раздражительности, нервозности и когнитивным нарушениям. The study aimed to assess a negative impact of an acquired single-sided deafness on quality of life of the elderly. Prospective analysis of outpatient records was carried out to identify elderly patients with single-sided deafness using pure tone audiometry. The main inclusion criteria were age over 60, ≥90 dB threshold of an affected ear, ≤30 dB threshold of an intact ear, an acquired single-sided hearing loss with sudden onset and deafness duration less than 5 years. Taking inclusion criteria into account two groups were formed: the main group with single-sided deaf patients (n=25) and the control group of normal hearing patients (n=25). All participants were surveyed with PSQ, HHIE, THI questionnaires. There were revealed some changes in psychological status in the group of patients with single-sided deafness in comparison with the group of normal hearing participants. The scores of the questionnaires showed increased stress and anxiety levels and deterioration in quality of life. Patients with single-sided deafness complained about severe tinnitus in an affected ear, worse speech intelligibility in noisy environment and a constant need to adapt to the different acoustic situations that in turn badly affected psychoemotional homeostasis, intensifying stress severity, and quality of life.

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