Fertility variation, seed collection and gene diversity in natural stands of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebi Bilir ◽  
Kyu-Suk Kang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Stand ◽  
Male Strobili

Abstract Background Seed stand is one of the important seed sources that is essential for global seed production programs. The primary objective of seed stands is to produce seeds as fast as possible. Characteristics of seed stand seeds depend mainly on stand quality, fertility variation and mating system. Individual fertility is an ability to produce progeny to next generation. Prediction of fertility variation is useful for seed production, genetic resources management and gene conservation. In this study, we report how to estimate fertility variation and gene diversity, and discuss its effect on the management of natural stands of Taurus cedar. Results Fertility variation and gene diversity were estimated based on the differences of strobilus production in female and male parents from three seed stands of Taurus cedar. A total of 50 trees were randomly chosen from each seed stand, and the female and male strobili were counted for three consecutive years. The coefficients of variation for female and male strobilus production were subjected to estimation female and male fertility variation. The total fertility variation (Ψ) was then estimated from the female and male fertility variation. The effective number of parents (Np) was calculated based on the Ψ. The mean of female strobili ranged from 31 to 150, and that of male strobili ranged between 77 and 828. The Ψ in a good crop year was smaller than in a poor year and the Np varied from 34.7 to 44.2. The Ψ was improved and the Np was increased when strobilus productions were pooled across three years or populations. The equal cone harvest could mitigate the fertility variation among individuals but caused loss of seed production. Conclusions The effective number of parents could estimate gene diversity of seeds from natural stands, which was based on the function of correlated fertility variation between female and male parents. Mixing seeds from different years could improve the fertility variation among individuals and increase the gene diversity of seeds. However, a balancing between the effective number of parents and the number of mixed years or populations should be carefully considered for maintaining the gene diversity.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population. Results Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Ψ) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Ψ was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (ψf) and male (ψm) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Ψ estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (ψf) and paternal (ψm) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Ψ and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents over four consecutive years, showing statistically significant differences across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal than maternal parents. The Ψ ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ψm than ψf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number. Conclusions We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Ψ), Person’s product-moment correlation (r), and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Fertility variation among individuals in natural stands of Acacia leucophloea

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
V.N. Mutharaian ◽  
R. Kamalakannan ◽  
V. Narmatha Bai ◽  
A. Mayavel ◽  
D.-Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Natural Stands

AbstractGrowth characteristics and fertility variations were evaluated at four natural stands of tropical arid zone species,A. leucophloeain southern India. Three stands (TNL 1, TNL 2 and PDM) were situated in dry upland regions while one stand (RKP) was at waterlogged site. The tree height and girth at breast height did not vary between stands in two years. Fertility variation (sibling coefficient, ψ) was estimated based on flowering abundance and fruit set collected for two consecutive years. Fruit production per tree was generally lower in the RKP stand than the other three stands. No year-to-year variation was observed on fruit set in all stands. Growth and flower production showed a weak-positive correlation in both years (R2= 0.39 to 0.1). The correlation to check if the larger inflorescence size, the higher number of fruit production was also failed. Male fertility variation did not vary much among stands (ψm= 1.28 ~ 1.62). Female fertility variation was low (ψf= 1.71 ~ 2.02) in the three stands situated in dry upland regions than the RKP stand (ψf= 4.09 ~ 4.16). The cumulative contribution of trees to the overall fertility was deviated from the ideal situation (equal contribution) in all stands, especially the RKP stand showed a skewed distribution (R2≤ 6.5). The effective population size was low in the RKP predicting a high genetic drift when compared with other sites. Similarly high group coancestry and low gene diversity were observed in the stand RKP. The implications of fertility variation on gene diversity of the species and future management of the natural stands were also discussed.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background: Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population.Results: Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Y) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Y was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (yf) and male (ym) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Y estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (yf) and paternal (ym) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Y and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents for four consecutive years, showing statistically significant across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal parents than maternal parents. The Y ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ym than yf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number. Conclusions: We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Y), Person’s product-moment correlation (r) and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Fertility Variation, Genetic Relatedness, and Their Impacts on Gene Diversity of Seeds From a Seed Orchard of Pinus thunbergii

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kang ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
T. J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Natural Stands

AbstractClonal differences in the number of male and female strobili were determined for five consecutive years in a clonal seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii in Korea. The effects of relatedness and clonal differences in reproductive development on gene diversity of seed (in terms of accumulated relatedness by status number) were estimated. While clonal differences were found, fertility variation was not large through all studied years. The orchard clones were divided into different regions and locations based on the geographical distribution and distance of natural stands that plus trees were selected from. Assuming that there was no relatedness among regions, locations and clones, the status number (Ns) was varied from 47.6 to 55.5 for five successive years. On average (pooling), Nswas 92% of census number (N). Assumed relatedness among regions, locations and/or clones decreased the status number. Effect of parental selection on relatedness and orchard management was also discussed.

scholarly journals Clone Fertility and Genetic Diversity in a Black Pine Seed Orchard

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Male Strobili

AbstractClonal variation in the number of female and male strobili was studied for three consecutive years (2002-2004) in a clonal black pine seed orchard in Turkey. The data showed large differences in female and male fertility among clones in the three years. The correlation between female and male strobilus production was negative and statistically significant in 2004, a good-flowering year. Clonal fertility and fertility variation, expressed by the sibling coefficient and coefficient of variation in strobilus production among 30 clones, were reported. Fertility varied among clones and among years, producing three-year averages of 99.3 and 801.6 for female and male strobili per ramet, respectively. Male fertility variation was higher than was female fertility variation in the three years. The status number, a measure of genetic diversity, was calculated as 26.4 (2002), 23.9 (2003), and 24.0 (2004). On average, the relative status number, estimated based on total fertility, was 86% of the census number. Sexual asymmetry calculations showed that clonal contributions would be balanced between genders. Some management activities such as adjusting ramet number to balance clone contributions and mixing of seeds from consecutive years are suggested for the black pine seed orchard.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background: Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population.Results: Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Y) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Y was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (yf) and male (ym) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Y estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (yf) and paternal (ym) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Y and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents over four consecutive years, showing statistically significant differences across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal than maternal parents. The Y ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ym than yf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number.Conclusions: We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Y), Person’s product-moment correlation (r), and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Aspectual Fertility Variation and Its Effect on Gene Diversity of Seeds in Natural Stands of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Yazici ◽  
Nebi Bilir
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Cedrus Libani ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Selection Of

There are many environmental and biological factors on forestry practices as known. Aspect called as slope faces is one of the most important environmental factors in these practices because of its easy application for managers. Fertility variation defined as an individual ability to give progeny and gene diversity estimated based on effective number of parents were investigated as the proportion of numbers of cones counted from individuals in natural stands sampled aspectual of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) for three consecutive years. The averages of cone number were 19.4, 47.2, and 75.5 for the years. It was the highest in flat (23.5) for 2013, in south (92.1) for 2014, and in flat (95.7) for 2015, while it was lowest in south (16.3), in east (18.2), and in north (39.4) for the years, respectively. Significant correlations (p≤0.01) were estimated among years for cone production in polled aspect. Estimated fertility variations changed for the years and stands. It could be generally acceptable level for typical natural stands except of west of 2014. Fertility variations were 1.55, 3.05, and 1.64 in polled stands for the years. Gene diversity was 0.99 for the years in polled stands. North aspect could be taken into consideration in establishment and selection of seed sources and gene conservation areas based on fertility variation and gene diversity.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
1.5 Generation ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background: Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population.Results: Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Ψ) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Ψ was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (ψf ) and male (ψm) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Ψ estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (ψf ) and paternal (ψm) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Ψ and Np in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents for four consecutive years, showing statistically significant across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal than maternal parents. The Ψ ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ψm than ψf , and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number.Conclusions: We recommend the use of fertility variation (CV, Ψ), Person’s product-moment correlation (r) and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Fertility Variation and its Impact on Effective Population Size in Seed Stands of Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kamalakannan ◽  
M. Varghese ◽  
J.-M. Park ◽  
S.-H. Kwon ◽  
J.-H. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Status Number

Abstract Growth and reproductive traits were assessed in seed stands of two native Indian tree species Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica. Positive correlation between growth (height and GBH) and reproductive traits (male and female contribution) were found in both species. Fertility was estimated from the flower and fruit production of individuals. Based on the fertility variation among individuals, parental balance, femaleness index and status number (Ns) were determined. The option of equal seed collection among individuals was also considered for estimating Ns. The percentage of fertile trees was higher in the high flowering year in both species. The best male contributing individuals also showed high female contribution (fruit production). The parental contribution in seed stands showed high deviation from expectation; 20% individuals contributed about 70% of male and female gametes in both species. Femaleness index showed that female and male contribution of individual tree was more balanced in the good flowering year, compared to the poor year. Coefficient of variation in male and female fertility was higher in the low flowering year resulting in high fertility variation among individuals and low status number. In T. indica, the female contribution was less variable compared to that of male fertility whereas in A. indica the female fertility variation was higher than that of male fertility. The relative status number (Nr = Ns/N) of the stands was lower for male and female fertility compared to the combined (male and female) fertility of individual trees.

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