scholarly journals Effect of high nitrate vegetable juice supplementation on plasma nitrate and blood pressure in healthy adults: a pilot randomized crossover intervention in healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Elsahoryi ◽  
Christopher Cardwell ◽  
Sarah Gilchrist ◽  
Jayne Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Juice ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Abstract Background: Beetroot juice has been demonstrated to decrease blood pressure due to the high inorganic nitrate content, but few studies have tested the effect of other high nitrate vegetable juices on blood pressure. Methods: This pilot randomized crossover trial aimed to investigate the effect of two different high nitrate vegetable juices on plasma nitrate concentrations and blood pressure in healthy adults. Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 115 ml of beetroot juice or 250 ml of green leafy vegetable juice for seven days. Blood samples were collected, and clinic blood pressure measured at baseline and at the end of each juice consumption. Daily home blood pressure assessment was conducted two hours after juice consumption. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were analysed using a commercially available kit on a Triturus automated ELISA analyser. Hills and Armitage analysis was used for the two- period crossover design and paired sample t- tests were performed to compare within-group changes. Results: Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentration significantly increased and there was significant reduction in clinic and home SBP mean during the beetroot juice period (P-values 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). Home DBP reduced significantly during green leafy vegetable juice consumption week (P-value 0.03). The difference between groups did not reach statistical significance during the formal crossover analysis adjusted for period effects. Conclusion: Beetroot juice and green leafy vegetable juice may reduce systolic or diastolic blood pressure but there was no statistically significant difference between the two juices, although this was only a pilot study.

scholarly journals Nitrate-Rich Vegetables Increase Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations and Lower Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 986-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L Jonvik ◽  
Jean Nyakayiru ◽  
Philippe JM Pinckaers ◽  
Joan MG Senden ◽  
Luc JC van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Lower Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

scholarly journals The role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in CVD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacklyn Jackson ◽  
Amanda J. Patterson ◽  
Lesley MacDonald-Wicks ◽  
Mark McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Inorganic Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

AbstractCVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, a consequence of mostly poor lifestyle and dietary behaviours. Although whole fruit and vegetable consumption has been consistently shown to reduce CVD risk, the exact protective constituents of these foods are yet to be clearly identified. A recent and biologically plausible hypothesis supporting the cardioprotective effects of vegetables has been linked to their inorganic nitrate content. Approximately 60–80 % inorganic nitrate exposure in the human diet is contributed by vegetable consumption. Although inorganic nitrate is a relatively stable molecule, under specific conditions it can be metabolised in the body to produce NO via the newly discovered nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway. NO is a major signalling molecule in the human body, and has a key role in maintaining vascular tone, smooth muscle cell proliferation, platelet activity and inflammation. Currently, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that inorganic nitrate can lead to lower blood pressure and improved vascular compliance in humans. The aim of this review is to present an informative, balanced and critical review of the current evidence investigating the role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in the development, prevention and/or treatment of CVD. Although there is evidence supporting short-term inorganic nitrate intakes for reduced blood pressure, there is a severe lack of research examining the role of long-term nitrate intakes in the treatment and/or prevention of hard CVD outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Epidemiological evidence is needed in this field to justify continued research efforts.

Is beetroot juice more effective than sodium nitrate? The effects of equimolar nitrate dosages of nitrate-rich beetroot juice and sodium nitrate on oxygen consumption during exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Leonie Flueck ◽  
Anna Bogdanova ◽  
Samuel Mettler ◽  
Claudio Perret
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Dietary nitrate has been reported to lower oxygen consumption in moderate- and severe-intensity exercise. To date, it is unproven that sodium nitrate (NaNO3−; NIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) have the same effects on oxygen consumption, blood pressure, and plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations or not. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different dosages of NIT and BR on oxygen consumption in male athletes. Twelve healthy, well-trained men (median [minimum; maximum]; peak oxygen consumption: 59.4 mL·min−1·kg−1 [40.5; 67.0]) performed 7 trials on different days, ingesting different nitrate dosages and placebo (PLC). Dosages were 3, 6, and 12 mmol nitrate as concentrated BR or NIT dissolved in plain water. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured before, 3 h after ingestion, and postexercise. Participants cycled for 5 min at moderate intensity and further 8 min at severe intensity. End-exercise oxygen consumption at moderate intensity was not significantly different between the 7 trials (p = 0.08). At severe-intensity exercise, end-exercise oxygen consumption was ∼4% lower in the 6-mmol BR trial compared with the 6-mmol NIT (p = 0.003) trial as well as compared with PLC (p = 0.010). Plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations were significantly increased after the ingestion of BR and NIT with the highest concentrations in the 12-mmol trials. Plasma nitrite concentration between NIT and BR did not significantly differ in the 6-mmol (p = 0.27) and in the 12-mmol (p = 0.75) trials. In conclusion, BR might reduce oxygen consumption to a greater extent compared with NIT.

scholarly journals Beetroot juice: effects on blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and ocular vessel density in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Brian Randolph ◽  
Patricia M. Cisarik
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
High Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Single Blind

Background: The blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of beetroot is attributed to its high nitrate concentration, which converts to the vasodilator nitric oxide. Nitric oxide may also mediate ocular aqueous outflow to regulate intraocular pressure (IOP). Aims: We investigated the effect of beetroot juice on IOP and ocular vessel density. Subjects and Methods: With a single-blind, crossover design, 19 healthy young adults participated on 2 days 1 week apart. On Visit 1, baseline IOP, BP, and ocular vessel density (optical coherence tomography angiography, disc, and macula) were measured. Three hours after consumption of 16 ounces of beetroot juice or water (randomly assigned), all measurements were repeated. On Visit 2, baseline and 3-hour post-consumption measurements were assessed, with each subject consuming the drink not ingested on Visit 1. Results: Paired-samples t-test showed 1) no difference in IOP change post-water vs post-beet root juice (P = 0.27), and 2) mean systolic and diastolic BPs were lower only post-beet root juice (systolic: -4.8 (SEM ± 2.1) mm Hg, P = 0.032, 95% CI (0.47, 9.11); diastolic: -6.2 (SEM± 1.4) mm Hg, P <0.001, 95% CI (3.27, 9.15)). Superficial vessel density was significantly lower in several macular regions post-beet root juice, but not post-water (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, immediately superior, inferior, and temporal to center; respective P values of 0.016, 0.035, and 0.046). Conclusions: Beetroot juice lowers BP and macular vessel density, but does not lower IOP in young, healthy adults. Further investigation into its effect on IOP and vessel density in glaucomatous eyes is warranted. Keywords: beetroot, blood pressure, intraocular pressure, vessel density.

A Nitrate-Rich Vegetable Intervention Elevates Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations and Reduces Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1317
Author(s):  
Cindy M.T. van der Avoort ◽  
Kristin L. Jonvik ◽  
Jean Nyakayiru ◽  
Luc J.C. van Loon ◽  
Maria T.E. Hopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

scholarly journals Acute Supplementation with Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Causes a Greater Increase in Plasma Nitrite and Reduction in Blood Pressure of Older Compared to Younger Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Stanaway ◽  
Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick ◽  
Rachel Page ◽  
Marie Wong ◽  
Wannita Jirangrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation has been shown to improve cardiovascular and cognitive function in younger and older adults via increased nitric oxide production. However, it is unclear whether the level of effects differs between the two groups. We hypothesized that acute supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice would improve cardiovascular and cognitive function in older and younger adults, with the potential for greater improvements in older adults. Thirteen younger (18–30 years) and 11 older (50–70 years) adults consumed either 150 mL of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR; 10.5 mmol nitrate) or placebo (PL; 1 mmol nitrate) in a double-blind, crossover design, 2.25 h prior to a 30-min treadmill walk. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cognitive function, mood and perceptual tests were performed throughout the trial. BR consumption significantly increased plasma nitrate (p < 0.001) and nitrite (p = 0.003) concentrations and reduced systolic BP (p < 0.001) in both age groups and reduced diastolic BP (p = 0.013) in older adults. Older adults showed a greater elevation in plasma nitrite (p = 0.038) and a greater reduction in diastolic BP (p = 0.005) following BR consumption than younger adults. Reaction time was improved in the Stroop test following BR supplementation for both groups (p = 0.045). Acute BR supplementation increased plasma nitrite concentrations and reduced diastolic BP to a greater degree in older adults; whilst systolic BP was reduced in both older and younger adults, suggesting nitrate-rich BR may improve cardiovascular health, particularly in older adults due to the greater benefits from reductions in diastolic BP.

scholarly journals Vegetables with High-Nitrate Content Significantly Increase Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations but Do Not Significantly Reduce Systolic Blood Pressure in Young Healthy Men

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Ann Ashworth ◽  
Anni Vanhatalo ◽  
Jamie R. Blackwell ◽  
Giles M. Hayward ◽  
Andrew M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Aims: To investigate the effects of supplementation with high-nitrate and low-nitrate vegetables on plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations, blood pressure and the oxygen demand of moderate-intensity exercise. Study Design:  A randomized, cross-over design. Place and Duration of Study: Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, between January 2011 and March 2012. Methodology: 15 non-smoking, physically active healthy men (age 25 ± 6 years, BMI 24 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomized to receive a 2-week supply of high-nitrate or low-nitrate vegetables, with a 2-week ‘wash-out’ period in between. Clinic blood pressure, plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and physiological responses to moderate-intensity exercise tests were measured before and after each 2-week intervention. Nitrate intake was calculated using nutritional analysis of reported vegetables consumed. Results: Participants consumed significantly more dietary nitrate on the high-nitrate diet (417 ± 139 mg/day) than the low-nitrate diet (26 ± 11 mg/day). The high-nitrate diet supplied 5.5 mg nitrate/kg body weight, exceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 3.7 mg nitrate/kg body weight. Supplementation with high-nitrate vegetables significantly increased plasma nitrate concentrations (baseline; 30 ± 20 µM, after high-nitrate vegetables; 129 ± 87 µM) and plasma nitrite concentrations (baseline; 119 ± 35 nM, after high-nitrate vegetables; 227 ± 89 nM) but did not significantly change systolic blood pressure or the physiological response to moderate exercise. There were significant correlations between diastolic blood pressure and plasma nitrite concentrations (low-nitrate diet; r = 0.63, high-nitrate diet, r = 0.56). Conclusion: Supplementation with high-nitrate vegetables above the ADI significantly increased plasma nitrate and nitrate concentrations but did not significantly reduce systolic blood pressure or the physiological response to moderate exercise. Plasma nitrite concentrations significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure after high-nitrate and low-nitrate diets.

High-nitrate vegetable diet increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduces blood pressure in healthy women

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2669-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Ashworth ◽  
Klaus Mitchell ◽  
Jamie R Blackwell ◽  
Anni Vanhatalo ◽  
Andrew M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies suggest that green leafy vegetables, which are high in dietary nitrate, are protective against CVD such as stroke. High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for stroke and inorganic nitrate has been shown to reduce BP. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that diets containing high-nitrate (HN) vegetables would increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduce BP in healthy women.DesignA randomized, crossover trial, where participants received HN vegetables (HN diet) or avoided HN vegetables (Control diet) for 1 week. Before and after each intervention, resting BP and plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured.SettingUniversity of Exeter, UK.SubjectsNineteen healthy women (mean age 20 (sd2) years; mean BMI 22·5 (sd3·8) kg/m2).ResultsThe HN diet significantly increased plasma nitrate concentration (before HN diet: mean 24·4 (sd5·6) µmol/l; after HN diet: mean 61·0 (sd44·1) µmol/l,P<0·05) and plasma nitrite concentration (before HN diet: mean 98 (sd91) nmol/l; after HN diet: mean 185 (sd34) nmol/l,P<0·05). No significant change in plasma nitrate or nitrite concentration was observed after the Control diet. The HN diet significantly reduced resting systolic BP (before HN diet: mean 107 (sd9) mmHg; after HN diet: mean 103 (sd6) mmHg,P<0·05). No significant change in systolic BP was observed after the Control diet (before Control diet: mean 106 (sd8) mmHg; after Control diet: mean 106 (sd8) mmHg).ConclusionsConsumption of HN vegetables significantly increased plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced BP in normotensive women.

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