scholarly journals Effect of domestication on phenotypic plasticity in chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill) I.M. Johnstone)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius ◽  
Leaf Specific Area

Abstract It is widely recognized that phenotypic plasticity may increase the survival of plants in environmentally variable habitats. However, the manner in which artificial selection affects the phenotypic plasticity of crops is poorly understood and there is no previous study in clonally propagated crops. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of domestication on phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits, growth rates and allocation patterns, under contrasting light environments, in the clonally propagated crop chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolious (Mill) I.M. Johnstone). Leaf area, leaf perimeter, leaf specific area, leaf production, trichome density, growth in height, growth in stem diameter and slenderness were measured in 97 clones belonging to 20 genotypes (10 wild and 10 domesticated). The clones were allocated to two contrasting light environments: fully exposed to sun vs. placement beneath a shade cloth. Reaction norms for each trait were compared between wild and domesticated clones. Results suggest that domestication and light environment had a non-additive effect on phenotypic plasticity in leaf production and slenderness. Reduced plasticity in these traits was observed in domesticated plants compared to that of their wild relatives. Leaf production and slenderness are associated with the shade avoidance syndrome, which is evident in wild plants but not manifested in domesticated plants. Reduced plasticity in leaf production also suggests yield stability, since the leaves form the edible part of chaya. I conclude that artificial selection reduces phenotypic plasticity in the yield of chaya and in its response to variation in the light environment.

scholarly journals Domestication reduces phenotypic plasticity in chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius

Background: Natural selection optimizes phenotypic plasticity in plants found in environmentally variable habitats. However, it is unclear how artificial selection has affected the phenotypic plasticity of crops. Reduced plasticity in crop yield is often considered a desirable feature in cultivated plants; however, limited phenotypic plasticity in this and other traits may also affect the ability of crops to cope with environmental variation. Study species: Wild and domesticated chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst). Question: How domestication has affected the phenotypic plasticity of vegetative traits in response to the light environment? Methods: Leaf area, leaf perimeter, leaf specific area, leaf production, trichome density, stem elongation, growth in stem diameter and slenderness were measured in clones of wild and domesticated plants. These clones were allocated to two contrasting light treatments: fully exposed to sun vs. placement beneath a shade cloth. The phenotypic traits and reaction norms were compared between the genotypes of wild and domesticated plants. Results: Lower plasticity in leaf production and slenderness was observed in the domesticated compared to the wild plants. Leaf production and slenderness are associated with the shade avoidance syndrome, which was evident in wild plants but not manifested in domesticated plants. Reduced plasticity in leaf production also suggests yield stability. Conclusion: Artificial selection reduces phenotypic plasticity in the yield of chaya and in its response to variation in light availability.

scholarly journals Effects of Heterogeneous Environment After Deforestation on Plant Phenotypic Plasticity of Three Shrubs Based on Leaf Traits and Biomass Allocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinniu Wang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Fusun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment

Phenotypic plasticity among natural plant populations is a species-specific ecological phenomenon of paramount importance that depends on their life forms, development stages, as well as environmental factors. While this phenomenon is broadly understood, it has hardly been observed in nature. This study aimed at understanding phenotypic plasticity and ecological adaptability in three shrubs (Salix etosia, Rubus setchuenensis, and Hydrangea aspera) affected by potential environmental variables after deforesting in sparse Larix spp. forest and tall shrub mixed secondary forests. Soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and available nitrogen content were greater outside the forests, contrary to other measured factors whose availability was higher in the forest interiors. In case of leaf traits and stoichiometric indicators, there were significant interactions of leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter (DW), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf phosphorus content (LPC) between shrub species and heterogeneous environments (P < 0.05) but not for leaf C/N, N/P, and C/P. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that soil temperature, pH value, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and MBC and MBN mainly constituted the first component. Summarized results indicated that TB and leaf C/P of S. etosia were significantly correlated with three principal components, but only marginal significant correlations existed between R/S and relevant components. SLA and R/S of R. setchuenensis had marginal significant relationships with independent variables. Both SLA and TB of H. aspera were significantly correlated with three principal components. Based on the pooled values of leaf functional traits and leaf stoichiometric indicators, R. setchuenensis (vining type) had better leaf traits plasticity to adapt to a heterogeneous environment. In descending order, the ranks of biomass allocation plasticity index of three shrubs were H. aspera (bunch type), R. setchuenensis (vining type), and S. etosia (erect type). The highest integrated plasticity values of leaf traits and biomass allocation was observed in H. aspera (bunch type), followed by R. setchuenensis, and by S. etosia with less adaptive plasticity in heterogeneous environments.

scholarly journals ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS E FISIOLÓGICOS DE FOLHAS DE Mimosa scabrella DE ÁREAS COM DIFERENTES GRAUS DE SUCESSÃO

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa De Bortollo Chiamolera ◽  
Alessandro Camargo Ângelo ◽  
Maria Regina Boeger ◽  
Fernando Correia Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Leaf Specific Area ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de diferentes condições de luminosidade presentes em folhas de Mimosa scabrella Benthan plantadas em áreas com diferentes graus de sucessão nas margens do Reservatório Iraí, PR. Foram avaliados aspectos morfológicos (área foliar, peso seco, área foliar específica), anatômicos (espessuras de cutícula, epiderme adaxial, parênquima paliçádico, parênquima lacunoso, epiderme adaxial e espessura total), fisiológicos (taxa de fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração) e desenvolvimento das plantas (altura, diâmetro e sobrevivência até os 18 meses). Para os parâmetros morfológicos, M. scabrella apresentou diferença significativa para a área foliar específica, que foi maior para os indivíduos da capoeira. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para a espessura da epiderme adaxial e do parênquima paliçádico. A epiderme adaxial foi maior na área de capoeira, enquanto que o parênquima paliçádico maior na área aberta. Indivíduos da área aberta apresentaram maior taxa de transpiração e condutância estomática. Tanto a altura quanto o diâmetro não mostraram diferença significativa entre as áreas. A sobrevivência foi considerada insatisfatória para ambas as áreas, porém foi ligeiramente maior na capoeira. Esses resultados, aliados ao comportamento natural da espécie, sugerem que M. scabrella deve ser implantada em densidades maiores.Palavras-chave:  Morfoanatomia foliar; fisiologia, variação de luz; recuperação de área degradada; silvicultura de espécies nativas. AbstractAnatomical and physiological features of Mimosa scabrella leaves growing on areas with different succession stages This study aims to evaluate the influence of light conditions at different stages of succession in leaves of Mimosa scabrella Benthan planted in Iraí’s water reservoir margins, State of Paraná, Brazil. We evaluated leaf morphology (area, dry weight, specific area), anatomy (cuticle thickness, adaxial epidermis, palisade parenchyma, parenchyma spongy, adaxial epidermis and total thickness), physiology (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration) and plant growth (height, diameter) and survival up to age of 18 months. Plants of Mimosa scabrella of natural regeneration showed greater leaf specific area than those of planted individuals. Significant differences were found on thickness of the adaxial epidermis and palisade parenchyma. The adaxial epidermis was higher in regenerating area, whereas the palisade parenchyma was higher in open field. Plants of open field presented higher values of transpiration and stomatal conductance. Concerning height and diameter growth, plants of both areas showed no significant differences. Survival was considered unsatisfactory for both areas, but was slightly higher in regenerating area. According to M. scabrella behavior in natural conditions, the results suggest that this species must be implanted in greater densities.Keywords:              Leaf morphology; leaf anatomy; physiology; light; land recuperation; native tree species.

Sclerophylly and Foliar Nutrient Status of Mediterranean-Climate Plant Communities in Southern Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Specht ◽  
PW Rundel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Leaf Specific Area

An increase (percentage dry weight) in both lignin and cellulose (with a greater proportion of cellulose than lignin being formed) is associated with a decrease in the concentration of phosphorus (and of other related elements) per unit dry weight in the leaves of sunlit overstorey species, of both sclerophyll and savannah communities in the mediterranean climate of southern Australia. Simultaneously, crude protein decreases. Leaves become increasingly sclerophyllous (with a higher Sclerophyll Index), with lower crude protein (cytoplasm) per unit dry weight; thicker leaves with lower leaf specific area result. The degree of sclerophylly per unit foliar phosphorus content is a little higher in understorey species which are partially shaded by the overstorey canopy.

scholarly journals Seasonal leaf dimorphism in Potentilla argentea L. var. tenuiloba (Jord.) Sw. (Rosaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremi Kołodziejek ◽  
Sława Glińska ◽  
Sylwia Michlewska
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Seasonal Dimorphism ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
Dissection Index

AbstractA pattern of seasonal changes in the morphological and anatomical leaf traits is reported for Potentilla argentea L. var. tenuiloba (Jord.) Sw. of temperate-climate areas in central Poland. Leaf area, perimeter, dry mass and lamina thickness were measured in summer and autumn leaves of the same individuals. Dissection index, density and specific leaf area were calculated. Significant differences were obtained between summer and autumn leaves obtained from the same individuals. The shapes of leaves of the P. argentea plants varied in the extent of incisions between teeth and the number of teeth on the margins. Fully expanded autumn leaves were larger in weight and area than summer leaves. The autumn leaves had lower leaf mass area and density than the summer leaves. Leaves were covered by considerably more trichomes in summer than in autumn. Anatomical leaf structure also changed with the season. The summer leaves were thick, with a lower number of chloroplasts in the cells of the compact mesophyll. Autumn leaves are thinner, with loose mesophyll. Chloroplasts from the two seasonal types of leaves differ on account of starch grain and plastoglobule content. The large variations in leaf density and thickness recorded here confirm great differences in cell size and amounts of structural tissue within species. Seasonal dimorphism of leaves may result from seasonal drought or from seasonality in leaf production, leaf fall or incoming solar radiation. Within this new context of seasonal leaf dimorphism, P. argentea can still be distinguished by the absence of deeply divided leaflets on late-formed leaves. The results confirmed the presence of several morpho- anatomical leaf traits of P. argentea that allow the species to adapt to environmental seasonal conditions.

Do leaf traits in two Dalbergia species present differential plasticity in relation to light according to their habitat of origin?

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Silvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira ◽  
Ana Clara Luppi Queiroz ◽  
Fernanda de Vasconcelos Barros ◽  
Maíra Figueiredo Goulart ◽  
José Pires de Lemos-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Changing Light

The phenotypic plasticity to light of two congeneric species of leguminous trees from distinct habitats was evaluated in a common-garden experiment. For that, we assessed the following two groups of leaf morphological and anatomical traits of 1-year-old seedlings: (1) traits related to light interception (tissues thickness and leaflet mass per area), and (2) traits related to gas exchange (number of leaflets per leaf and measurements of stomatal size and density). Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth. is an endemic Atlantic forest species, and D. miscolobium Benth. is a typical cerrado species. Both were grown under shade and full-sunlight conditions. The phenotypic plasticity of leaves was determined by a relative distance plasticity index (RDPI). For both species, sun leaflets were thicker than shade ones, and only D. nigra presented lower values for stomatal density (nst), percentage of the leaflet area occupied by stomatal pores (nast) and estimated stomatal conductance (gst) under shade conditions. The forest species (D. nigra) had higher plasticity for variables related to gas exchange (number of leaflets per leaf, nst, ast, nast and gst), whereas the cerrado species (D. miscolobium) had higher plasticity for variables related to light interception, such as leaflet mass per area, leaflet thickness and palisade and spongy parenchyma thickness. The degree of plasticity was different for each analysed parameter, and not used to define which species is more plastic. The leaf traits of D. nigra and D. miscolobium that showed high plasticity were related to resources that are not limiting to improve its photosynthesis in a changing light environment.

Phenotypic plasticity of lianas in response to altered light environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-ming Yuan ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Yun-fen Geng ◽  
Yong Chai ◽  
Jia-bo Hao
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Light Environment
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