scholarly journals A technical soda lignin as sole carbon-diet for a higher termite species, Nasutitermes ephratae: insight into the changes in the gut bacterial community and in the lignin phenolic fraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Miambi ◽  
My Dung Jusselme ◽  
Laurent Cézard ◽  
Florian Pion ◽  
Stéphanie Baumberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Technical Lignin ◽  
Worker Castes ◽  
Soda Lignin

Abstract BackgroundTermites account for natural biomass utilization systems (NBUS) that evolved the ability to overcome the overall recalcitrance of lignins towards lignocellulose transformation processes. With the objective of applying this capacity to the conversion of technical lignins produced by biorefineries, a higher wood-feeding termite species, Nasutitermes ephratae was fed with a commercial grass soda lignin (Protobind 1000, PB1000). The survival rates of Protobind 1000-fed termites were determined as well as changes in the structure of gut bacterial community and in the chemical composition of this technical lignin. ResultsThe ingestion of PB1000 by worker castes of N. ephratae was revealed by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses directly performed on termites. Survival rates were reduced by two –fold in the termites fed with PB1000 compared to controls. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the gut bacterial community of termites fed with PB1000. The digestion of PB1000 by termites triggered an increase in the syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratios. These changes in the chemical composition of PB1000 in the gut of termites was marked by a decrease in relative content of free phenolic monomers.ConclusionThis work showed the abilities of digestive tract of a wood-feeding higher termite species, N. ephratae to metabolize the fraction of the volatile phenolic monomers of PB1000. Overall, our results provide insights into the bacterial lineage candidates for development of bacterial inoculum for pretreatment processes in valorization of technical lignin in biorefinery.

scholarly journals Changes in the Phenolic Fraction of Protobind 1000 and Bacterial Microbiota in the Gut of a Higher Termite, Nasutitermes Ephratae

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Miambi E
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Soda Lignin ◽  
Worker Caste

Termites are examples of natural biomass utilization systems that have evolved to overcome the recalcitrance of lignin to degradation. To investigate the application of this to the conversion of technical lignins produced by biorefineries, a higher wood-feeding termite species, Nasutitermes ephratae, was fed with a commercial grass soda lignin (Protobind 1000, PB1000). We investigated the fate of PB1000 in termite guts and the changes in gut microbiota that occurred using Pyrolysis - Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. The worker caste termites fed with PB1000 had only half the survival rate of the controls and increased the PB1000 syringyl/guaiacyl ratio from 1.74 to 2.26. The changes in the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio were consistent with the degradation of the free phenolic monomers in PB1000 inside the termite gut, and they were associated with the increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This work showed the ability of the digestive tract of a wood-feeding higher termite species, N. ephratae, to metabolize the free-volatile phenolic monomers in PB1000. Overall, our results identified bacterial candidates for the development of a bacterial inoculum in pretreatment processes for the utilization of technical lignin in biorefineries.

Composition Analysis of an Unknown Redispersible Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Ding ◽  
Wen Yan Zhao ◽  
Hong Yan Guan ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Yi Fei Mei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Vinyl Esters ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽  
The Matrix

As an important type of additive, the redispersible powder is widely applied in cement-based and gyp-based materials, so as to improve the cementing strength, impermeability, workability, hydrophobicity and so on. However, the chemical composition of the redispersible powders determines its applicability, as well as the degree of improvement to the matrix materials. In this paper, the chemical composition of an unknown redispersible powder was analyzed by several instruments. Firstly, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that the polymer was polymerized with monomers of vinyl esters. Secondly, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis showed the pyrolysis products were mainly acetic acid, methyl acetate and methyl versatates. Considering the pyrolysis mechanism of synthetic polymers and the results from FTIR spectra, the polymer in the redispersible powder was deduced to be the copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl ester of versatic acid (VeoVa), which was a monomer with a unique highly branched carbon-rich structure. Thermogravimetry (TG) analysis revealed that the powder contained 74.0% of polymer, 14.5% of calcium carbonate and 11.4% of other inorganic materials.

scholarly journals Cheminformatics Applied to Analytical Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Reyes-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry has been used to characterize a wide variety of polymers. The main objective is to infer the attributes of materials in relation to their chemical composition. Applications of this technique include the development of new improved materials in the industry. Furthermore, due to the growing interest in biorefinery, it has been used to study plant biomass (lignocellulose) as a renewable energy source. This chapter describes a procedure for characterization and classification of polymeric materials using analytical pyrolysis and cheminformatics. Application of omics tools for spectral deconvolution/alignment and compound identification/annotation on the Py-GC/MS chromatograms is also described. Statistical noise is generated by production of numerous small uninformative compounds during pyrolysis. Such noise is reduced by cheminformatics here detailed and this facilitate the interpretation of results. Furthermore, some inferences made by comparison of the identified compounds to those annotated with a biological role in specialized databases are exemplified. This cheminformatic procedure has allowed to characterize in detail, and classify congruently, different lignocellulosic samples, even using different Py-GC/MS equipment. This method can also be applied to characterize other polymers, as well as to make inferences about their structure, function, resistance and health risk based on their chemical composition.

Thermo-Oxidative Decomposition of Lovage (Levisticum officinale) and Davana (Artemisia pallens) Essential Oils under Simulated Tobacco Heating Product Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Emma Jakab ◽  
Zoltán Sebestyén ◽  
Bence Babinszki ◽  
Eszter Barta-Rajnai ◽  
Zsuzsanna Czégény ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Intramolecular Rearrangement ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Oxidative Decomposition ◽  
Oxidative Pyrolysis ◽  
Artemisia Pallens

SummaryThe thermo-oxidative decomposition of lovage (Levisticum officinale) and davana (Artemisia pallens) essential oils has been studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in 9% oxygen and 91% nitrogen atmosphere at 300 °C to simulate low-temperature tobacco heating conditions. Both lovage and davana oils contain numerous chemical substances; the main components of both oils are various oxygen-containing compounds. Isobenzofuranones are the most important constituents of lovage oil, and their relative intensity changed significantly during oxidative pyrolysis. (Z)-ligustilide underwent two kinds of decomposition reactions: an aromatization reaction resulting in the formation of butylidenephthalide and the scission of the lactone ring with the elimination of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. Davanone is the main component of davana oil, which did not decompose considerably during low-temperature oxidative pyrolysis. However, the relative yield of the second most intensive component, bicyclogermacrene, reduced markedly due to bond rearrangement reactions. Davana ether underwent oxidation reactions leading to the formation of various furanic compounds. The changes in the composition of both essential oils could be interpreted in terms of bond splitting, intramolecular rearrangement mechanisms and oxidation reactions of several constituents during low-temperature oxidative pyrolysis. The applied thermo-oxidative method was found to be suitable to study the stability of the essential oils and monitor the decomposition products under simulated tobacco heating conditions. In spite of the complicated composition of the essential oils, no evidence for interaction between the oil components was found. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 29 (2020) 27–43]

Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial Effects and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Foroughi ◽  
Pouya Pournaghi ◽  
Fariba Najafi ◽  
Akram Zangeneh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Screen Test ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare

Medicinal plants are considered modern resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in demeanor of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was done to specify chemical composion. As a screen test to detect antibacterial properties of the essential oil, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macrobroth tube test was performed to determinate MIC. The results indicated that the most substance found in FV essential oil was Trans-anethole (47.41 %), also the essential oil of FV with 0.007 g/ml concentration has prevented P. aeruginosa and with 0.002 g/ml concentration has prevented B. subtilis from the growth. Thus, the research represents the antibacterial effects of the medical herb on test P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. We believe that the article provide support to the antibacterial properties of the essential oil. The results indicate the fact that the essential oil from the plant can be useful as medicinal or preservatives composition.

CHARACTERISATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) LEACHED FROM LEAVES IN WATER

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Heryanto Langsa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pinus Radiate

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa organik khususnya organic karbon terlarut (DOC) dari dua spesies daun tumbuhan (<em>wandoo eucalyptus </em>and <em>pinus radiate, conifer</em>) yang larut dalam air selama periode 5 bulan leaching eksperimen. Kecepatan melarutnya senyawa organic ditentukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan kombinasi dari beberapa teknik diantaranya Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyser, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spektrokopi dan pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).</p><p>Hasil analisis DOC dan UV menunjukkan peningkatan yang tajam dari kelarutan senyawa organic di awal periode pengamatan yang selanjutnya berkurang seiring dengan waktu secara eksponensial. Jumlah relatif senyawa organic yang terlarut tergantung pada luas permukaan, aktifitas mikrobiologi dan jenis sampel tumbuhan (segar atau kering) yang digunakan. Fluktuasi profil DOC dan UV<sub>254</sub> disebabkan oleh aktifitas mikrobiologi. Diperoleh bahwa daun kering lebih mudah terdegradasi menghasilkan senyawa organic dalam air dibandingkan dengan daun segar. Hasil pyrolysis secara umum menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hidrokarbon aromatic dan fenol (dan turunannya) lebih banyak ditemukan pada residue sampel setelah proses leaching kemungkinan karena adanya senyawa lignin atau aktifitas humifikasi mikrobiologi membuktikan bahwa senyawa-senyawa tersebut merupakan komponen penting dalam proses karakterisasi DOC.</p>

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