Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight in Sidama Zone Government Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, A Case-control Study

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Abstract Background: Many studies had been conducted on the epidemiology of low birth weight (LBW) in high-income countries, however in countries like Ethiopia such evidence is scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for LBW in Sidama zone.Method: Hospital-based case-control study design with a total sample size of 480, 96 cases, and 384controls from March to June 2018. Newborns were selected from three hospitals in the zone using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were made by following standard procedure. Risk factors for LBW were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The output is presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Result: Multivariable logistic regression analysis shows that urban place of residence [AOR=2.55(95% CI=1.15-5.82], mothers who did not have iron supplement during pregnancy [AOR=12.5(95 CI=5.06-31.0)], premature birth [AOR=2.78 (95% CI= (1.27-6.06)] and history of pregnancy complication[AOR=7.60(2.03-28.45)] were found to be significant determinants of LBW. Conclusion: Since the prevalence of LBW was more prominent in rural areas than their urban counterparts, socio-economic empowerment of rural women and community-based nutrition promotions programs should be given special emphasis. Strengthening efforts on availing basic health services and promoting education on nutrition during pregnancy also have positive inputs. Iron supplementation and nutritional assessment of women during ANC follow-up and providing interventions accordingly should be strengthening in all health facilities.

A Case-Control Study of the Association of the Polymorphisms of MTHFR and APOE with Risk Factors and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000499866 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 142 (3) ◽

pp. 149-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Long ◽

Xiao-Tao Zhao ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Yuan-Yuan Sun ◽

Yin-Ting Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Sanger Sequencing ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Han Population ◽

Objectives: To explore the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MTHFR and APOE and the risk of CAD and, more importantly, the severity of CAD and the profile of serum lipids, we performed a case-control study in a Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 1,207 cases of consecutive CAD-suspected inpatients were recruited, and 406 CAD cases and 231 non-CAD controls were enrolled for the final analysis after screening for exclusion criteria. All subjects had undergone coronary angiography, and the severity of CAD was evaluated by 2 cardiologists according to the Gensini scores. The genotypes of MTHFR and APOEwere detected using real-time PCR, and then verified by Sanger sequencing. Environmental risk factors, such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and BMI were collected. Statistical analyses (the χ2 test, binary logistic regression analysis, and ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis) were performed with SPSS v16.0. Results: The genotypes ofall the subjects included in the CAD and non-CAD groups in this study were successfully detected, with an agreement of 100% with Sanger sequencing. The distributions of genotypes CT and TT at MTHFR C667T were higher in CAD cases than in non-CAD controls (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.34–2.95; OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.18–2.67; p < 0.05), whereas genotype AC at MTHFR A1298Cwas lower in CAD cases (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.50–1.02; p < 0.05). A significant association was observed in genotypes CT and TT at MTHFR C667T and the risk of CAD (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–3.67; OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.88–2.78; p < 0.05). Both genotypes and alleles of APOE were comparable in the CAD cases and non-CAD controls (p > 0.05). The genotype TT at MTHFR C667T and ε4+ at APOE were more likely to be found in the CAD subgroup with a Gensini score ≥72 (p = 0.040 and p = 0.028, respectively). Meanwhile, in the patients with genotype TT,a higher level of serum Hcy was detected, while genotype ε4+ patients possessed higher levels of serum apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than other genotypes. Conclusion: This study revealed that the SNP site of MTHFR C667Tis associatedwith the risk of CAD in this Chinese Han population. In addition, the genotypes of TT in MTHFR C667T and ε4+in APOE may increase the severity of CAD, and higher Hcy, LDL-C, and ApoE levels may be involved in this pathogenic process.

Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Rural Areas of North West in Iran: 2013-2017 (A Case-Control Study)

10.21203/rs.2.11589/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hosein Rafiemanesh ◽

Seyed Rasoul Hashemi Aghdam ◽

Avaz Safarzadeh ◽

Sanaz Chapar ◽

Alireza Zemestani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Abstract Background Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of death in children and is an important factor related to the growth and development of children. LBW is associated with causes but some of the risk factors may be due to the country or geographical region. Aim of this study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with LBW in the villages of Oskou county, northwest of Iran. Methods This study is a population-based case-control study and all the cases of LBW, that have occurred during the five years 2013-2017 in all villages of Oskou county, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Controls were selevted based on systematic random sampling in that same village and year. Chi-square and fisher's exact test analysed and then a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate possible factors. Results In this study 242 cases and 242 control groups were analyzed. Base on multivariate logistic regression important risk factors were LBW history (OR=25.87), mothers who used natural methods of contraception (OR=29.54), twin's birth (OR=24.04) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (OR=3.89). Conclusion According to the result of the present study the most important risk factors of LBW are as follows: Contraception method using, having a history of previous LBW newborn, twin's birth, gestational age, fathers’ occupation, mothers’ education, maternal weight, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and number of of caring during pregnancy.

Malignant melanoma risk factors by anatomic site: A case-control study and polychotomous logistic regression analysis

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960904)67:5<636::aid-ijc8>3.0.co;2-v ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 636-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ya-Ting Chen ◽

Robert Dubrow ◽

Theodore R. Holford ◽

Tongzhang Zheng ◽

Raymond L. Barnhill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Melanoma Risk ◽

Anatomic Site ◽

Determinants of impaired growth among hospitalized children: a case-control study

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802004000300008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marilia de Carvalho Lima ◽

Maria Eugênia Farias Almeida Motta ◽

Eliane Cavalcanti Santos ◽

Gisélia Alves Pontes da Silva

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Low Income ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Case Control ◽

Protein Energy ◽

CONTEXT: Protein energy malnutrition constitutes a public health problem, especially in less affluent countries. The identification of amenable predictive risk factors is of major importance for policy makers to plan interventions to reduce infant malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for protein energy malnutrition among hospitalized low-income children aged 6 to 24 months. TYPE OF STUDY: Case-control study. SETTING: Two public hospitals in Recife, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: The cases were 124 infants with length-for-age below the 10th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics curve and the controls were 241 infants with length-for-age equal to or above the 10th percentile who were recruited in the same infirmary. METHODS: Cases and controls were compared in relation to a variety of sociodemographic, environmental and reproductive factors, and their healthcare, previous feeding practice and morbidity. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the net effect of risk factors on infant malnutrition, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The mother's age, possession of a TV set, type of water supply, family size and location of the home were significantly associated with child malnutrition in the bivariate analysis. However, these associations lost their significance after adjusting for other explanatory variables in the hierarchical logistic regression analysis. This analysis showed that low birth weight contributed the largest risk for impaired growth. Increased risks of infant malnutrition were also significantly associated with households that had no toilet facilities or refrigerator, high parity for the mother, no breastfeeding of the infant, inadequate vaccination coverage and previous hospitalization for diarrhea and pneumonia. DISCUSSION: The literature shows that chronic malnutrition, as assessed by low length-for-age indexes, is often related to low income. However, this was not the case in this study, in which other variables had greater impact on child growth. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the multiple causes of malnutrition, the interrelationship among its determinants should be taken into account when adopting strategies for its reduction and prevention.

Alzheimer’s Disease and its Risk Factors: A Case-control Study

Trends in Medical Sciences ◽

10.5812/tms.113857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mojtaba Dolatshahi ◽

Sara Mahmoudi ◽

Mansour Torabi nia ◽

Vahid Kheirandish

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Objectives: The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease is supposed to involve environmental exposure and genetic vulnerability. The present study aimed to assess the association between Alzheimer’s disease and its risk factors. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 95 Alzheimer’s disease patients and 98 matched controls. All participants (case and control groups) were examined by mini-mental state examination. This information was collected by a risk factor questionnaire from January to June 2019. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis via SPSS-22 software. Results: The findings revealed the effect of risk factors' odds ratios on the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease by logistic regression analysis. Sex (female), chronic disease, loneliness or being single, and family history showed positive associations with AD, whereas daily physical exercise, religious beliefs, high level of social communication, and male sex had negative associations with AD development (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study highlighted the difficulty of etiology and recommended that the effective interventions for social support of older people, psychological condition, chronic disease, and lifestyle may be promising preventive policies.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Short-Term Outcomes of Full-Term Low Birth Weight Infants Born at a Tertiary Academic Center: A Prospective Case–Control Study

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722599 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heidi K. Al-Wassia ◽

Shahd K. Baarimah ◽

Asmaa H. Mohammedsaleh ◽

Manal O. Alsulami ◽

Ragad S. Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Chromosomal Anomalies ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Objective Low birth weight (LBW) infants (<2,500 g) continued to be a global health problem because of the associated short- and long-term adverse outcomes. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of term LBW infants Study Design A prospective and case–control study. All infants born consecutively from September 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019 were included. Cases, term LBW infants, were 1:1 matched to controls, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term infants. Major congenital or chromosomal anomalies and multiple pregnancies were excluded. Results The prevalence of term LBW in the studied period was 4.8%. Mothers of term LBW infants had significantly lower body mass index (p = 0.05), gained less weight (p = 0.01), had a history of previous LBW (p = 0.01), and lower monthly income (p = 0.04) compared with mothers of term AGA infants even after adjustment for confounders. A nonsignificant higher number of term LBW infants needed NICU admission, while their need for phototherapy was deemed significant. Conclusion We identified nutritional and socioeconomic maternal factors that are significantly associated with LBW infants and should be targeted during antenatal visits to improve neonatal outcomes. Key Points

Risk factors for low birth weight: Results from a case-control study in southern Spain

American Journal of Physical Anthropology ◽

10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199804)105:4<419::aid-ajpa2>3.0.co;2-j ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 419-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez ◽

Rocío Pérez-Iglesias ◽

Montserrat Gómez-Olmedo ◽

Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas ◽

Ramón Gálvez-Vargas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Clinical profile and factors determining outcome of intramural very low birth weight babies in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Devi Meenakshi K. ◽

Arasar Seeralar A. T. ◽

Srinivasan Padmanaban

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) babies are at increased risk of a number of complications both immediate and late. Worldwide it has been observed that these babies contribute to a significant extent to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Aim of the study was to study the risk factors contributing to mortality in VLBW babies and to evaluate the morbidity pattern in these infants.Methods: A retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the case records of VLBW babies admitted in the NICU of Kilpauk Medical College between January 2015 to December 2015. Out of the 2360 intramural babies admitted during the study period, 99 babies were less than 1500 gms. The risk factors for these babies were analyzed for their association with the outcome. Data were statistically analyzed.Results: In present study, we found that sex of the baby, gestational age, obstetric score, birth asphyxia, pulmonary haemorrhage, ROP and presence of shock were found to be associated with increased mortality. By logistic regression analysis it was observed that birth weight of the baby (p value 0.002), duration of stay (p value 0.0006), presence of shock (p<0.0001), were the risk factors significantly associated with poor outcome.Conclusions: Among the maternal and neonatal factors analyzed in the study using logistic regression analysis, birth weight, duration of hospital stay and presence of shock were significantly related to poor outcome. Of these presence of shock was the single most important factor that predicted increased mortality.