scholarly journals The Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector interacts with the soybean GmHub6 protein to promote host plant parasitism by Meloidogyne incognita

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reneida Aparecida Godinho Mendes ◽  
Marcos Fernando Basso ◽  
Bruno Paes de Melo ◽  
Rayane Nunes Lima ◽  
Janaina Fernandes de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Plant Parasitism

Abstract Background: Meloidogyne incognita is the most frequently reported species from the root-knot nematode (RKN) complex responsible for causing damage in several different crops worldwide. The interaction between M. incognita and host plants involves the secretions of molecular factors from the nematode, which mainly suppress the defense response and promote plant parasitism. On the other hand, several plant elements are associated with the immune defense system that opposes nematode infection. Results: In this study, the interaction of the Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector with the soybean GmHub6 (Glyma.17G099100; TCP14) protein was identified and characterized in vivo and in planta. Data showed that the GmHub6 gene is upregulated by M. incognita infection in a nematode-resistant soybean cultivar (PI595099) compared to a susceptible cultivar (BRS133). Accordingly, the Arabidopsis thaliana AtHub6 mutant line (AT3G47620, orthologous gene of GmHub6 displayed normal vegetative development of the plant but was more susceptible to M. incognita. Thus, since the soybean and A. thaliana Hub6 proteins are TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors involved in plant development and morphogenesis modulation, flowering time regulation, and the activation of the plant immune system, our data suggest that the interaction of Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 and Hub6 proteins is associated with an increase in plant susceptibility to nematode infection during parasitism. It is suggested that this interaction may prevent the nuclear localization or disturb the activity of GmHub6 as a typical transcription factor modulating the cell cycle of the plant, avoid the activation of the host’s defense response, and successfully promote parasitism. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the potential of the Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector for the development of biotechnological tools based on the approaches of RNA interference and GmHub6 gene overexpression for RKN control.

scholarly journals The Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector interacts with the soybean GmHub6 protein to promote host plant parasitism by Meloidogyne incognita

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reneida Aparecida Godinho Mendes ◽  
Marcos Fernando Basso ◽  
Bruno Paes de Melo ◽  
Rayane Nunes Lima ◽  
Janaina Fernandes de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Plant Parasitism

Abstract Background: Meloidogyne incognita is the most frequently reported species from the root-knot nematode (RKN) complex responsible for causing damage in several different crops worldwide. The interaction between M. incognita and host plants involves the secretions of molecular factors from the nematode, which mainly suppress the defense response and promote plant parasitism. On the other hand, several plant elements are associated with the immune defense system that opposes nematode infection.Results: In this study, the interaction of the Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector with the soybean GmHub6 (Glyma.17G099100; TCP14) protein was identified and characterized in vitro and in vivo. Data showed that the GmHub6 gene is upregulated by M. incognita infection in a nematode-resistant soybean cultivar (PI595099) compared to a susceptible cultivar (BRS133). Accordingly, the Arabidopsis thaliana AtHub6 mutant line (AT3G47620, orthologous gene of GmHub6 displayed normal vegetative development of the plant but was more susceptible to M. incognita. Thus, since the soybean and A. thaliana Hub6 proteins are TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors involved in plant development and morphogenesis modulation, flowering time regulation, and the activation of the plant immune system, our data suggest that the interaction of Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 and Hub6 proteins is associated with an increase in plant susceptibility to nematode infection during parasitism. It is suggested that this interaction may prevent the nuclear localization or disturb the activity of GmHub6 as a typical transcription factor modulating the cell cycle of the plant, avoid the activation of the host’s defense response, and successfully promote parasitism.Conclusion: Our findings indicate the potential of the Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector for the development of biotechnological tools based on the approaches of RNA interference and GmHub6 gene overexpression for RKN control.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Chromolaena odorata act as nematicidal agents and reduce infection of lettuce roots by Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Boppré ◽  
Tim Thoden ◽  
Johannes Hallmann
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Valuable Element ◽  
Plant Compounds

Abstract1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) represent a class of secondary plant compounds that are active in defence against herbivory. They are present in Chromolaena odorata, one of the most invasive weeds of Asia and Africa. In vitro studies demonstrate that pure PAs from C. odorata roots have nematicidal effects on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, even at concentrations of 70-350 ppm. In vivo experiments show that mulch or aqueous crude extracts from C. odorata roots reduce the infection of lettuce by M. incognita. Thus, the use of PA-containing plants appears to be a valuable element for integrated nematode management.

Biocontrol potential of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Seong Lee ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Hae Nam Hyun ◽  
Kil Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 is an antagonistic bacterial strain that was previously isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper and showed an enhanced ability to produce lytic enzymes as well as an antibiotic that was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA). In the present study, nematicidal activity of the strain and 4-HPAA against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this purpose, adding different concentrations of culture filtrate, crude extract collected from extraction with ethyl acetate and 4-HPAA, in 24-well plates containing ca 500 eggs or 300 second-stage juveniles (J2), significantly decreased the rate of nematode hatch and caused higher mortality of J2 compared with the control treatments. Nematicidal activity of the bacterial strain was further confirmed by conducting pot experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with M. incognita and the HS124 culture (BC). The control pots were treated with commercial nematicide (CN, 5% Ethoprophos), tap water (TW) or the non-inoculated bacterial culture medium (BCM). In these pot experiments, results demonstrated a strong antagonistic potential of L. antibioticus HS124 against M. incognita where the disease was significantly reduced in the pots treated with BC as compared to TW or BCM. Furthermore, the shoot fresh weight was also increased significantly, which may be attributed to the disease control ability of the strain. Hence, L. antibioticus HS124 may be further developed as a potential biocontrol of root knot nematode in the field.

scholarly journals Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Radwan ◽  
A.S.A. Saad ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
H.S. Ibrahim ◽  
M.S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

scholarly journals The predicted Meloidogyne javanica effectome is governed by the 9-hydroxide oxylipin of linolenic acid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Fitoussi ◽  
Eli Borrego ◽  
Michael V Kolomiets ◽  
Qing Xue ◽  
Patricia Bucki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Defense Signaling ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Tomato Roots

Abstract Background: The sedentary root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. secretes effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, supporting construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Results: Comprehensive oxylipin profiling of tomato roots, performed using LC–MS/MS, indicated a sharp fluctuation in oxylipin profile following Root Knot Nematode infection. To identify genes that might respond to the lipidomic defense pathway mediated through oxylipins, RNA-Seq was performed by exposing Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles to tomato protoplasts and the oxylipin 9-HOT, early induced in tomato roots upon nematode infection. A total of 4810 differentially expressed genes were identified. To target putative effectors, we explored differentially expressed genes carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among these, several were homologous with known effectors in other nematode species; other unknown, potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematode effectors that are induced by plant lipid signals. These include effectors functioning in the manipulation of plant defense signaling and root lipidomics, cell-wall weakening, detoxifying the stressful environment at the plant-nematode interface, allowing feeding site construction and development. Conclusions: Being an integral part of the plant's defense response, oxylipins may play an important signaling role in the regulation of nematode effectors. Herein we uncover activation of specific oxylipins signaling pathways upon nematode infection, which in turn result in reprogramming the nematode effector repertoires responsible for promotion of feeding site construction and nematode parasitism.

scholarly journals Screening of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars against southern root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Ifra Siddique ◽  
Ishrat Naz ◽  
Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽  
Musharaf Ahmed ◽  
Syeda Maryam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Significant Mortality

Fourteen cultivars of cucumber were screened for their resistance to the Southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in an in planta experiment. The pots were maintained in greenhouse with CRD for 50 days after inoculation. The cultivar DS92-05 induced significant mortality and was rated “moderately resistant (MR)”. This cultivar showed increase in plant growth parameters including vine length. The cultivars DS92-06, Laghman, Sultan and Desitype were moderately susceptible (MS). The cultivar Rehan and DS96-299 were rated susceptible (S) whereas DS97-299, Chaiya, Beitalpha, Alto, DS92-04 and Local were rated as highly susceptible (HS). DS92-05 is thus promising for sustainable agriculture, specially in those areas with high population density of Southern Root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Chitosan Oligosaccharide Fluorinated Derivative Control Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Disease Based on the Multi-Efficacy Strategy

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoqian Fan ◽  
Yukun Qin ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Ronge Xing ◽  
Huahua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Plant root-knot nematode disease is a great agricultural problem and commercially available nematicides have the disadvantages of high toxicity and limited usage; thus, it is urgent to develop new nematicides derived from nature substances. In this study, a novel fluorinated derivative was synthesized by modifying chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using the strategy of multiple functions. The derivatives were characterized by FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis, and TG/DTG. The activity assays show that the derivatives can effectively kill the second instar larvae of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro, among them, chitosan-thiadiazole-trifluorobutene (COSSZFB) perform high eggs hatching inhibitory activity. The derivatives can regulate plant growth (photosynthetic pigment), improve immunity (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase), and show low cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity. According to the multi-functional activity, the derivatives exhibit a good control effect on plant root-knot nematode disease in vivo. The results demonstrate that the COS derivatives (especially fluorinated derivative) perform multiple activities and show the potential to be further evaluated as nematicides.

scholarly journals Comparison of Muscodor albus Volatiles with a Biorational Mixture for Control of Seedling Diseases of Sugar Beet and Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grimme ◽  
N. K. Zidack ◽  
R. A. Sikora ◽  
G. A. Strobel ◽  
B. J. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Seedling Diseases ◽  
Muscodor Albus

A biorational synthetic mixture of organic components mimicking key antimicrobial gases produced by Muscodor albus was equivalent to the use of live M. albus for control of seedling diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) caused by Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2, and Aphanomyces cochlioides. The biorational mixture provided better control than the live M. albus formulation for control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The biorational mixture provided control of damping-off equal to a starch-based formulation of the live fungus for all three sugar beet pathogens, and significantly reduced the number of root-knot galls on tomato roots compared with a barley-based formulation. Rate studies with the biorational mixture showed that 2 and 0.75 µl/cm3 of soil were required to provide optimal control of Rhizoctonia and Pythium damping-off of sugar beet, respectively. Five microliters of biorational mixture per milliliter of water was required for 100% mortality in 24 h for Meloidogyne incognita in in vitro studies. In in vivo studies, 1.67 µl of the biorational mixture/cm3 of sand resulted in fewer root-knot galls than a Muscodor albus infested ground barley formulation applied at 5 g/liter of sand.

scholarly journals Control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants with highly diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis and their effects on plant growth and defense metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2187
Author(s):  
Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Mônica Anghinoni Müller ◽  
Sidiane Coltro-Roncato ◽  
Cristiane Claudia Meinerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vivo Assay

This work aimed to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L plants with high-diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis, and to study its effects on growth and plant defense responses. The in vivo experiment was carried out over two years (2013 and 2014) at a climatized greenhouse, whilst the in vitro experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Eight treatments were used (6, 12, 24, 50, 100, 200 and 400CH (Hahnemannian centesimal) of T. occidentalis, with water as control treatment). For the in vivo assay, in 2013 plants were inoculated with about 4850 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2), while in 2014 they were inoculated with 5050 eggs and J2. The treatments were applied once a week, as 0.1% aqueous solutions onto the plant shoots, for 50 and 40 days respectively. For the in vitro experiment, the nematodes were directly exposed to the same 0.1% treatments. The treatments did not show nematostatic or nematicide effects in the in vitro assay, and had no influence on the hatching of the eggs. For the in vivo assay in 2013, T. occidentalis 100CH decreased the number of J2 present in the roots, whilst the dynamization of 200CH stimulated root development and increased the weight of the fruits of the first cluster. In 2014, 100CH decreased numbers of J2 in the soil. Some dynamization increased the plant’s defense enzyme activity, such as peroxidase (24, 50, 200 and 400CH), polyphenoloxidase (200CH), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (24 and 50CH). In this study, T. occidentalis 100CH showed potential for the control of M. incognita, whilst 24 and 200CH influenced the growth of plants.

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