scholarly journals Chitosan Oligosaccharide Fluorinated Derivative Control Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Disease Based on the Multi-Efficacy Strategy

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoqian Fan ◽  
Yukun Qin ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Ronge Xing ◽  
Huahua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Plant root-knot nematode disease is a great agricultural problem and commercially available nematicides have the disadvantages of high toxicity and limited usage; thus, it is urgent to develop new nematicides derived from nature substances. In this study, a novel fluorinated derivative was synthesized by modifying chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using the strategy of multiple functions. The derivatives were characterized by FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis, and TG/DTG. The activity assays show that the derivatives can effectively kill the second instar larvae of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro, among them, chitosan-thiadiazole-trifluorobutene (COSSZFB) perform high eggs hatching inhibitory activity. The derivatives can regulate plant growth (photosynthetic pigment), improve immunity (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase), and show low cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity. According to the multi-functional activity, the derivatives exhibit a good control effect on plant root-knot nematode disease in vivo. The results demonstrate that the COS derivatives (especially fluorinated derivative) perform multiple activities and show the potential to be further evaluated as nematicides.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Chromolaena odorata act as nematicidal agents and reduce infection of lettuce roots by Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Boppré ◽  
Tim Thoden ◽  
Johannes Hallmann
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Valuable Element ◽  
Plant Compounds

Abstract1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) represent a class of secondary plant compounds that are active in defence against herbivory. They are present in Chromolaena odorata, one of the most invasive weeds of Asia and Africa. In vitro studies demonstrate that pure PAs from C. odorata roots have nematicidal effects on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, even at concentrations of 70-350 ppm. In vivo experiments show that mulch or aqueous crude extracts from C. odorata roots reduce the infection of lettuce by M. incognita. Thus, the use of PA-containing plants appears to be a valuable element for integrated nematode management.

Biocontrol potential of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Seong Lee ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Hae Nam Hyun ◽  
Kil Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 is an antagonistic bacterial strain that was previously isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper and showed an enhanced ability to produce lytic enzymes as well as an antibiotic that was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA). In the present study, nematicidal activity of the strain and 4-HPAA against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this purpose, adding different concentrations of culture filtrate, crude extract collected from extraction with ethyl acetate and 4-HPAA, in 24-well plates containing ca 500 eggs or 300 second-stage juveniles (J2), significantly decreased the rate of nematode hatch and caused higher mortality of J2 compared with the control treatments. Nematicidal activity of the bacterial strain was further confirmed by conducting pot experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with M. incognita and the HS124 culture (BC). The control pots were treated with commercial nematicide (CN, 5% Ethoprophos), tap water (TW) or the non-inoculated bacterial culture medium (BCM). In these pot experiments, results demonstrated a strong antagonistic potential of L. antibioticus HS124 against M. incognita where the disease was significantly reduced in the pots treated with BC as compared to TW or BCM. Furthermore, the shoot fresh weight was also increased significantly, which may be attributed to the disease control ability of the strain. Hence, L. antibioticus HS124 may be further developed as a potential biocontrol of root knot nematode in the field.

scholarly journals Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Radwan ◽  
A.S.A. Saad ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
H.S. Ibrahim ◽  
M.S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

scholarly journals Comparison of Muscodor albus Volatiles with a Biorational Mixture for Control of Seedling Diseases of Sugar Beet and Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grimme ◽  
N. K. Zidack ◽  
R. A. Sikora ◽  
G. A. Strobel ◽  
B. J. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Seedling Diseases ◽  
Muscodor Albus

A biorational synthetic mixture of organic components mimicking key antimicrobial gases produced by Muscodor albus was equivalent to the use of live M. albus for control of seedling diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) caused by Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2, and Aphanomyces cochlioides. The biorational mixture provided better control than the live M. albus formulation for control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The biorational mixture provided control of damping-off equal to a starch-based formulation of the live fungus for all three sugar beet pathogens, and significantly reduced the number of root-knot galls on tomato roots compared with a barley-based formulation. Rate studies with the biorational mixture showed that 2 and 0.75 µl/cm3 of soil were required to provide optimal control of Rhizoctonia and Pythium damping-off of sugar beet, respectively. Five microliters of biorational mixture per milliliter of water was required for 100% mortality in 24 h for Meloidogyne incognita in in vitro studies. In in vivo studies, 1.67 µl of the biorational mixture/cm3 of sand resulted in fewer root-knot galls than a Muscodor albus infested ground barley formulation applied at 5 g/liter of sand.

scholarly journals Control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants with highly diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis and their effects on plant growth and defense metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2187
Author(s):  
Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Mônica Anghinoni Müller ◽  
Sidiane Coltro-Roncato ◽  
Cristiane Claudia Meinerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vivo Assay

This work aimed to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L plants with high-diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis, and to study its effects on growth and plant defense responses. The in vivo experiment was carried out over two years (2013 and 2014) at a climatized greenhouse, whilst the in vitro experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Eight treatments were used (6, 12, 24, 50, 100, 200 and 400CH (Hahnemannian centesimal) of T. occidentalis, with water as control treatment). For the in vivo assay, in 2013 plants were inoculated with about 4850 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2), while in 2014 they were inoculated with 5050 eggs and J2. The treatments were applied once a week, as 0.1% aqueous solutions onto the plant shoots, for 50 and 40 days respectively. For the in vitro experiment, the nematodes were directly exposed to the same 0.1% treatments. The treatments did not show nematostatic or nematicide effects in the in vitro assay, and had no influence on the hatching of the eggs. For the in vivo assay in 2013, T. occidentalis 100CH decreased the number of J2 present in the roots, whilst the dynamization of 200CH stimulated root development and increased the weight of the fruits of the first cluster. In 2014, 100CH decreased numbers of J2 in the soil. Some dynamization increased the plant’s defense enzyme activity, such as peroxidase (24, 50, 200 and 400CH), polyphenoloxidase (200CH), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (24 and 50CH). In this study, T. occidentalis 100CH showed potential for the control of M. incognita, whilst 24 and 200CH influenced the growth of plants.

scholarly journals The Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector interacts with the soybean GmHub6 protein to promote host plant parasitism by Meloidogyne incognita

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reneida Aparecida Godinho Mendes ◽  
Marcos Fernando Basso ◽  
Bruno Paes de Melo ◽  
Rayane Nunes Lima ◽  
Janaina Fernandes de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Plant Parasitism

Abstract Background: Meloidogyne incognita is the most frequently reported species from the root-knot nematode (RKN) complex responsible for causing damage in several different crops worldwide. The interaction between M. incognita and host plants involves the secretions of molecular factors from the nematode, which mainly suppress the defense response and promote plant parasitism. On the other hand, several plant elements are associated with the immune defense system that opposes nematode infection.Results: In this study, the interaction of the Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector with the soybean GmHub6 (Glyma.17G099100; TCP14) protein was identified and characterized in vitro and in vivo. Data showed that the GmHub6 gene is upregulated by M. incognita infection in a nematode-resistant soybean cultivar (PI595099) compared to a susceptible cultivar (BRS133). Accordingly, the Arabidopsis thaliana AtHub6 mutant line (AT3G47620, orthologous gene of GmHub6 displayed normal vegetative development of the plant but was more susceptible to M. incognita. Thus, since the soybean and A. thaliana Hub6 proteins are TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors involved in plant development and morphogenesis modulation, flowering time regulation, and the activation of the plant immune system, our data suggest that the interaction of Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 and Hub6 proteins is associated with an increase in plant susceptibility to nematode infection during parasitism. It is suggested that this interaction may prevent the nuclear localization or disturb the activity of GmHub6 as a typical transcription factor modulating the cell cycle of the plant, avoid the activation of the host’s defense response, and successfully promote parasitism.Conclusion: Our findings indicate the potential of the Mi-EFF1/Minc17998 effector for the development of biotechnological tools based on the approaches of RNA interference and GmHub6 gene overexpression for RKN control.

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans as an indicator of toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains to Meloidogyne incognita race 3

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Coelho Linhares Montalvão ◽  
Marcelo Tavares de Castro ◽  
Carlos Marcelo Silveira Soares ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum ◽  
Rose Gomes Monnerat
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Deep Plowing ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: The cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum) is affected by several diseases of economic importance, among them root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita races 3 and 4). Methods to control this disease include the application of nematicides, solarization, deep plowing, crop rotation and use of antagonistic microorganisms. Among species of Bacillus, there are strains that act as bioregulators and antagonists of several pathogens. Tests to identify these strains are hampered by the difficulty of obtaining large populations of the pathogen and by the time of execution of the in vivo tests that should be conducted for about 90 days. The objective of this research was to compare the toxicity of B. thuringiensis strains to two nematodes, M. incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans, evaluating the possibility of using C. elegans as an indicator for the selection of strains with biocontrol potential against M. incognita. Therefore, the toxicity of nine B. thuringiensis strains on C. elegans and M. incognita was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Most strains toxic to C. elegans in vitro were also toxic to M. incognita, and three of them (S906, S1192, S2036) significantly reduced the populations of the two nematodes. The toxic effect of B. thuringiensis strains on C. elegans was like that reported for the same bacterial isolates on M. incognita in vivo. These results suggested that it is plausible to use C. elegans as an indicator of toxicity for selection of B. thuringiensis strains toxic to M. incognita.

Efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum AUMC 10149 as biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plant

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Isaac ◽  
M. M. El-Deriny ◽  
R. G. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is among the biotic factors which has greatly affected both the yield and the quality of the tomato crop. The egg parasitic nematode, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Pl) is considered as one of the most promising agents in controlling and overcoming this plant pathogen. The nematicidal effect of the native isolate Pl AUMC 10149 on second stage juvenile’s survival and egg hatching of M. incognita at different times of exposure was tested in vitro. The obtained data showed that Pl gave a maximum percentage of J2 mortality (97.6%) and egg hatching inhibition (79.8%) after 72 hours of exposure. The potentiality of Pl as well as Bio-Nematon to control M. incognita infecting tomato was conducted using different times of application in vivo. Nine treatments with five replicates were used for such bioagents compared with the nematicide Oxamyl. Each seedling was inoculated with 1000 J2s of nematode/pot and 10 mL of Pl (1x1010 CFU/mL) or Bio-Nematon spore suspension (1x108 CFU/mL) 10mL/pot. The results indicated that the most effective treatments in reducing nematode population, number of galls and egg masses of M. incognita in plant roots was performed with treatment by Pl pre-planting and post-infection with Pl (Rf 1.9) giving a significant enhancement in plant length (64.9%), fresh weight (72.52%) and shoot dry weight (163.41%) without negatively impacting environment. Therefore, the present study confirmed that using P. lilacinum AUMC 10149 can be used as a practical supplement to environmentally friendly disease management of root-knot nematodes in Egypt.

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