scholarly journals Rural-urban Correlates of Modern Contraceptives Utilization Among Adolescents in Zambia: a National Cross-sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Milton W. Musaba ◽  
Linet M. Mutisya ◽  
David Mukunya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract Background: Modern contraceptive use among adolescents is low despite the adverse effects of adolescent pregnancies and births. Understanding the predictors of modern contraceptive use in different settings is key to design effective context-specific interventions. We aimed to determine factors associated with modern contraceptives use among adolescents in rural and urban settings of Zambia. Methods: We analyzed data from 2018 Zambia demographic and health survey (ZDHS) focusing on adolescent girls aged 15–19 years. We conducted multilevel logistic regression using SPSS version 25 to examine rural-urban variations in factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization.Results: Overall, 12.0% (360/3000, 95% CI: 10.9-13.2) of adolescents in Zambia were using modern contraceptives. Use of modern contraceptives was higher in rural areas at 13.7% (230/1677, 95% CI: 12.1-15.3) compared to 9.8% (130/1323, 95% CI: 8.3-11.6) in urban areas. In the rural areas, having a child (aOR = 13.46; 95% CI 8.28 to 21.90), marriage (aOR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.08), older age (being 19 years) (aOR = 3.97; 95% CI 1.51 to 10.1) and belonging to the richest wealth quintile (aOR = 3.01; 95% CI 1.06 to 8.58) were positively associated with contraceptive utilization. In the urban areas, older age (being 19 years) (aOR = 4.80; 95% CI 1.55 to 14.84) and having a child (aOR = 18.52; 95% CI 9.50 to 36.14) were the only factors positively associated with modern contraceptive utilization.Conclusions: Having shown that some factors (age and having a child) were associated with modern contraceptive use in both rural and urban areas while some were only significant in rural areas (province, marital status and wealth index), indicates that the urban-rural differences in modern contraceptives use are both due to differences in the levels and nature or type of determinants. Therefore, interventions aiming to increase contraceptive utilization should be context specific.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive use among female adolescents in rural Nigeria: Does exposure to family planning messages matter? A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Victor Chima ◽  
Oluwatobi Abel Alawode
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Rural Nigeria ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Background: The world currently has the highest number of adolescents in all of history. Africa is home to quite a number of them, with most of these adolescents in Africa live in rural areas where they are more disadvantaged and their reproductive decisions could have telling impacts on their lives, family planning (contraception) has been identified as important to avoid such impacts. Factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives among female adolescents have been extensively researched but the importance of mass media family planning messages on modern contraceptives use among female adolescents in rural Nigeria is under-researched, hence this study. Method: This paper uses the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data with a weighted sample size (n=4473) to examine the association between exposure to family planning messages and use of modern contraceptives among female adolescents in rural Nigeria. Results: Findings indicated that exposure to family planning messages on radio and television were significantly associated with modern contraceptive use, however, educational attainment and region of residence were other factors that influenced modern contraceptive use.. Conclusion: The study concludes that family planning messages through mass media especially radio and television are associated with modern contraceptives use among rural adolescents. The continued use of mass media would enhance opportunities to achieve more results, however, other interventions addressing education with objectives of closing the rural-urban socio-economic gap should be encouraged also, as these factors play critical roles in improving uptake of family planning among rural adolescents.  Further, messages on modern contraceptive use should be sensitive to regional divides in terms of content and delivery.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN ALAT KB PADA WANITA KAWIN DI PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN (Studi Hasil SDKI 2017 Provinsi Gorontalo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Syamsul Syamsul ◽  
Bala Bakri ◽  
Hizry Stevany Limonu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Urban Rural

The Indonesia and Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017 reported a gap between urban and rural contraceptive use in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. This urban-rural inequality calls for an exploration of its drivers. Hence, this study aims at reviewing the literature to analyze the level of use of contraception for married women in rural and urban areas by examining several factors, such as education, knowledge, age, occupation, information provision, and source of service. The main data source used for this study is 2017 IDHS Report, Gorontalo Province section. The results shows that despite a higher knowledge of contraception in urban married women than their rural counterpart, modern contraceptive use is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Moreover, provision of information plays a larger role in contraceptive use compared to other aspects. Furthermore, the low contraceptive use among urban women is due to the limited services, where there is a mismatch between the needs and the availability of contraception.

scholarly journals Individual and community-level factors associated with modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
Binyam Tariku Seboka ◽  
Mohammedjud Hassen Ahmed ◽  
Gizaw Hailiye Teferi ◽  
Zegaye Regasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background The importance of contraception use is immense for young girls of age 15–24 years. In literatures, there were significant attempts made to study factors associated with adolescent and young women contraception use in Africa. Despite the resulting interventions followed those studies, the contraception uses among youth population in Africa remained below average. Thus, this study is aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with contraceptive use in Ethiopian context to support further interventions. Methods Our analysis was based on the secondary data from Ethiopia Demography and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years were the target population. Means, standard deviations, and proportions were used to describe the study population. To control for the variations due to the differences between clusters, a series of multilevel logistic regression modeling steps were followed and determinants of contraceptive use were outplayed. All variables with bivariate p-value < 0.25 were included in the models and p-value < 0.05 was used to declare associations. Results The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among AGYW in Ethiopia was 34.89% [95% CI, 0.32, 0.36]. Married adolescents were 2.01 times [AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.39,3.16], having work was 1.36 times [AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06,1.71], living in urban areas was 1.61 times [AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.16,2.45], being in middle wealth status was 1.9 times [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.32,2.65], being in rich wealth quintile was 1.99 time [AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.35,2.68], and having TV exposure was 1.61 times [AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.17,2.20] more likely associated with modern contraceptive uses. Conclusion The use of modern contraception among AGYW in the country remained appealing and factors like region, residence, marital status, wealth index, religion, working status, parity, husband desire children, ever aborted AGYW, and the television exposures were attributed for the poor improvements. Therefore, the enhancements that consult those factors remained remarkable in improving contraception use, while further increasing in educational engagement, access to health services, and economic empowerment of the AGYW might be the good advantages for the improvements.

scholarly journals Individual and community-level factors associated with modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Mali: a mixed effects multilevel analysis of the 2018 Mali demographic and health survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Francis Appiah ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Collins Adu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background Unintended pregnancy constitutes a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa and particularly among young people, who are more likely to closely space births and experience adverse obstetric outcomes. Studies on modern contraceptive use have mostly focused on women of reproductive age in general with limited attention to factors associated with modern contraceptive use among adolescents and young women (aged 15–24) in Mali. We examined the individual and community-level factors associated with modern contraceptive use among this age cohort using the 2018 Mali demographic and health survey data. Methods We analyzed data from 2639 adolescent girls and young women, and our outcome of interest was current use of modern contraceptives. We performed descriptive analysis using frequencies and percentages and inferential analysis using mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression. The results of the mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression were presented as adjusted odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Mali was 17.1% [95% CI, 15–19%]. Adolescent girls and young women who were married [aOR = 0.20, CI = 0.09–0.41], had no formal education [aOR = 0.43, CI = 0.32–0.59], in the poorest wealth quintile [aOR = 0.38, CI = 0.19–0.79] and had no children [aOR = 0.38, CI = 0.27–0.53] were less likely to use modern contraceptives. Similarly, those who had low knowledge of modern contraception [aOR = 0.60, CI = 0.42–0.85] and whose ideal number of children was six or more [aOR = 0.66, CI = 0.43–0.99] were less likely to use modern contraceptives. However, those with four or more births were more likely to use modern contraceptives [aOR = 1.85, CI = 1.24–2.77]. Conclusion Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Mali has improved slightly relative to the prevalence of 2012, though the prevalence is still low, compared to the prevalence in other sub-Saharan African countries and the prevalence globally. Individual-level factors such as marital status, educational level, wealth quintile, parity, ethnicity and ideal number of children were associated with the use of modern contraceptive among adolescent girls and young women in Mali. Community knowledge of modern contraceptives was found as a community-level factor associated with modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women. Therefore, Mali’s Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene's Health Promotion and Education unit should prioritise and intensify contraceptive education to increase coverage of modern contraceptive use and address disparities in the use of modern contraceptives. Such education should be done, taking into consideration factors at the individual and community-level of the target population.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among married women in Senegal: a multilevel analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽  
Comfort Z. Olorunsaiye ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background Utilization of modern contraceptives is still low in low-and middle-income countries, although fertility and population growth rates are high. In Senegal, modern contraceptive utilization is low, with few studies focusing on its associated factors. This study examined modern contraceptive use and its associated factors among married women in Senegal. Methods Data from the 2017 Continuous Demographic and Health Survey (C-DHS) on 11,394 married women was analysed. We examined the associations between the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women and their partners and modern contraceptive use using multilevel logistic regression models. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results The utilization of modern contraceptives among married women was 26.3%. Individual level factors associated with modern contraceptive use were women’s age (45–49 years-aOR = 0.44, 0.30–0.63), women’s educational level (higher-aOR = 1.88, 1.28–2.76) husband’s educational level (higher-aOR = 1.43, 1.10–1.85)), number of living children (5 or more children-aOR = 33.14, 19.20–57.22), ideal number of children (2 children-aOR = 1.95, 1.13–3.35), desire to have more children (wants no more-aOR = 2.46, 2.06–2.94), ethnicity (Diola-aOR = 0.70, 0.50–0.99), media exposure (yes-aOR = 1.44, 1.16–1.79)), wealth index (richer-aOR = 1.31, 1.03–1.67) and decision making power of women (decision making two-aOR = 1.20, 1.02–1.41). Whereas, region (Matam-aOR = 0.35, 0.23–0.53), place of residence (rural-aOR = 0.76, 0.63–0.93), community literacy level (high-aOR = 1.31, 1.01–1.71) and community knowledge level of modern contraceptives (high-aOR = 1.37, 1.13–1.67) were found as significant community level factors. Conclusions The findings indicate that both individual and community level factors are significantly associated with modern contraceptive use among married women in Senegal. Interventions should focus on enhancing literacy levels of women, their husbands and communities. Furthermore, strengthening awareness and attitude towards family planning should be given priority, especially in rural areas and regions with low resources.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Modern Contraceptive Use among Married Women Attending Comprehensive Health Centers (CHCs) in Kandahar, Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mirwais Saheem ◽  
Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai ◽  
Najeeb Rahimy ◽  
Najibullah Fazli ◽  
Ghulam Mohydin Mudasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
National Level ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Background. Modern contraceptives are highly effective and reliable methods of preventing unintended pregnancies and reducing maternal deaths. Only 22 percent of currently married women use modern methods of contraceptives in Afghanistan. This study assessed the factors associated with modern contraceptive use among married women attending comprehensive health centers (CHCs) in Kandahar Province. Methods. This was an institution-based cross-sectional study that included 325 married women who attended randomly selected comprehensive health clinics in Kandahar between September and October 2019. The total sample size was allocated proportionally to selected health clinics based on the recent 3-month average patients load. We used a consecutive sampling method to select study participants. Data were collected in a structured questionnaire, which included information on respondents’ demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, and contraceptive experiences. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.00 statistical software. We used descriptive statistics such as tables and proportions to present data. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with modern contraceptive use. Results. Out of 325 married women, 127 used modern contraceptives with a prevalence of 39.1% ( 95 % CI = 33.7 % –44.6%). The results indicated that the area of residence ( AOR = 2.61 , 95% CI 1.43-4.78) and ever use of contraceptives ( AOR = 14.92 , 95% CI 6.88-32.34) are associated with modern contraceptive use among married women attending comprehensive health centers in Kandahar. Conclusion. This study found that modern contraceptive use was higher than reported on the national level. The most persistent factors associated with modern contraceptive use in this study were urban residence and ever use of contraceptives. As a policy measure, family planning programs should be prompted to the rural residency in Kandahar Province.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With the Utilisation and Unmet Need for Modern Contraceptives Among Urban Women in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Akoth ◽  
James Odhiambo Oguta ◽  
O'Brien M. Kyololo ◽  
Martin Nyamu ◽  
Michael Ndung'u Ndirangu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
National Average ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Background: Family planning (FP) is a key intervention in improving maternal and child health. Hence, we assessed the factors associated with utilisation and unmet need for modern contraceptives among urban women in Kenya.Methods: The study used pooled data on 10,474 women 15–49 years from the seven rounds of the performance monitoring for accountability surveys collected between 2014 and 2018. The surveys were conducted in 11 of the 47 counties of Kenya using a multistage cluster design. Sample characteristics were described using frequencies and percentages while factors associated with utilisation and unmet need for modern contraceptives were assessed using multivariable logistic regressions.Results: The prevalence of modern contraceptives use and unmet need for FP among urban women in Kenya was 53.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 52.1–55.3%] and 16.9% (15.8–18.1%), respectively. The use of modern contraceptive was associated with the county of residence, age, marital status, parity, education, household wealth quintile, exposure to media, and survey year. Teenagers, poorest urban women, women with no formal or primary level of education and those who seek services at a dispensary or health centres had higher odds of unmet need for FP while women who resided in Kitui and Nyamira counties had reduced odds of unmet need for FP. The odds of unmet need decreased with the survey year while that of modern contraceptive use had an inverse trend.Conclusion: Overall modern contraceptive use in urban areas is lower than the national average while the unmet need for FP is higher than national average, highlighting a potential urban-rural disparity in FP indicators in Kenya. Individual sociodemographic and socioeconomic and contextual factors are associated with the use of modern contraceptive and unmet need for FP among urban women in Kenya. Urban family planning policies and programmes in Kenya need to focus on strengthening urban healthcare systems to provide equal and accessible FP services, especially targeted towards teenagers and young women and those of low socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Multilevel mixed effects analysis of individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive use among married women in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Wasswa ◽  
Allen Kabagenyi ◽  
Paulino Ariho
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background In spite of the universal right for women to decide freely for themselves when, and how many children they want to have in life, married women in Uganda are less likely to use modern contraceptives as compared to other marital categories. This study examines the individual and community factors associated with modern contraceptive use among married women in Uganda. Methods The study used data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey which comprised of 8671 married women aged 15–49 years who were fecund and non-pregnant at the time of the survey. Analysis was done using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model. Results Findings showed that married women who were; Muslims (AOR = 0.78, CI = 0.66–0.91), had more than five children (AOR = 0.76, CI = 0.61–0.98), staying in communities with high poverty (AOR = 0.78, CI = 0.65–0.93), with older age at first birth (AOR = 0.94, CI = 0.92–0.96) as well as having spousal age difference of more than 9 years (AOR = 0.86, CI = 0.76–0.98) were associated with low modern contraceptive use. Women living in communities with higher age at first marriage (AOR = 0.93, CI = 0.88–0.98) or higher sexual debut (AOR = 0.91, CI = 0.85–0.98) were also associated with reduced odds of modern contraception. In addition, older women (AOR = 1.03, CI = 1.01–1.04), having secondary/higher education (AOR = 1.93, CI = 1.58–2.37), living in a rich household (AOR = 1.32, CI = 1.14–1.53), short distance to health facility (AOR = 1.18, CI = 1.06–1.31), high community education (AOR = 1.38, CI = 1.17–1.62), high community exposure to family planning messages (AOR = 1.24, CI = 1.08–1.42), and communities with high proportion of women working (AOR = 1.22, CI = 1.06–1.39) were more likely to use modern contraceptives. Conclusion The study revealed that both individual and community factors were important in explaining the factors associated with modern contraceptive use among married women in Uganda. Therefore, there is need to invest in community based programs like: family planning outreach services, mass media campaigns and community mobilization activities to help in dissemination of family planning information, increase awareness and promotion in use of modern contraceptives. Also, expansion of higher education and the need to make family planning services available and accessible to areas with limited physical access to health facilities will lead to sustained increase in uptake of modern contraceptives.

Belief System: A Barrier to the Use of Modern Contraceptives among the Idoma of Benue State, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-616
Author(s):  
Chiemezie Scholastica Atama ◽  
Uzoma Odera Okoye ◽  
Amelia Ngozi Odo ◽  
Aloysius Odii ◽  
Uche Teresa Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North Central ◽  
System A ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Despite the benefit of modern contraception, its use remains low in Nigeria. This study examined belief system as a barrier to the use of modern contraceptives among the Idoma of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. Questionnaire ( n = 1107), in-depth interview ( n = 6) and focus group discussion ( n = 52) were used to collect data from three local government areas (LGAs). The results showed high levels of knowledge (88.0%), however, only 37.8% used modern contraceptives. The male condom had the highest percentage use (56.7%). Chi-square results showed that LGA, education and occupation were significantly related to the use of modern contraceptives. Being of greater age increased the likelihood of use, whereas higher levels of education and income decreased the likelihood of modern contraceptive use ( p < 0.05). Qualitative data indicated that married women were expected to eschew modern contraceptives due to their belief in Alekwu, the community deity. Designing interventions that are culturally specific could promote use of modern contraceptives among the group.

scholarly journals The role of empowerment in the use of modern contraceptives among women in need of family planning in Burkina Faso: A multilevel analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Y. M. SOME ◽  
Christy Pu ◽  
Song-Lih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background In Burkina Faso, women still have difficulty satisfying their family planning demand because of the patriarchal and gender-unequal society. Despite evidence that women’s empowerment can help, few studies have measured its impact at both community and household levels. Taking into account these two parameters, we looked into the association between women’s empowerment and modern contraception use among Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) with no desire for having children in Burkina Faso. Methods Using the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), we analyzed data from 4714 MWRA with family planning needs from 573 communities. Indicators of gender equality at the community level were composed of aggregated variables for each primary sampling unit, and domains of women’s agency in households matters were derived with principal component analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to gauge the effects of empowerment on modern contraceptives use adjusted for household socioeconomic status and demographics of women. Results Among MWRA, 30.8% satisfied their demand for family planning using modern methods. At the community level, higher women’s assets ownership (aOR 1.26, CI 1.04 - 1.54), secondary education (aOR 1.45, OR 1.08 - 1.64), and exposure to family planning messages (aOR 1.33, CI 1.08 - 1.64) were associated with more modern contraceptive use; higher ideal number of children was negatively associated (aOR 0.76, CI 0.61 - 0.95). Unexpectedly, higher community prevalence of female genital mutilation was positively associated with contraceptive use (aOR 1.25, CI 1.03-1.52). Women’s agency in household matters, including opposing domestic violence, involved with decisions and enjoying freedom in seeking healthcare were positively associated with use, but only the last domain remained significant in multilevel analysis (aOR 1.29, CI 1.08 - 1.54). Living in richer household, being older, and having secondary education level were also positively associated with modern contraceptive use. Conclusion Gender equality at the community level and women’s situation in the household constitute the context in which women’s demand for family planning is determined. Therefore, promoting gender equality and ensuring women’s entitlement to make life choices have the potential to increase modern contraceptive coverage along with improved life conditions.

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