scholarly journals Heavy Metal Content and Health Risk Assessment of Urban Road Dust from the Historical Center of Havana, Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Diaz Rizo ◽  
Amaya Casanova Díaz ◽  
Arianna Torres Ramos ◽  
Dayron Ramos López
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Historical Center

Abstract Street road dust samples were collected at 33 stations of the Historical center of Old Havana. Samples were analyzed for the determination of some (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) heavy metal concentrations using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument. The mean concentrations of the elements are Zn (548.7 mg/kg), Pb (60.8 mg/kg), Co (7.0 mg/kg) Ni (60.6 mg/kg) and Cu (73.6 mg/kg) were Zn and Pb showed higher values of the background. The study of the Enrichment Factor (EF), the Pollution Index (IP) and the Integral Pollution Index (IPI), showed some stations with high values of contamination close to construction places. Zn was identified as the major pollutant fallowed by the Pb. Nevertheless, the Hazard Index (HI) and Carcinogenic Risks (CR) values do not show risk of getting non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic diseases associated to the analyzed pollutants.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of heavy metals in selected rice samples sold on the Liberian market: a case study conducted in Paynesville City, Greater Monrovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
McClain James ◽  
PAYE Plenseh Diana ◽  
N’debewillie Kokolo ◽  
CHEA Sampson K. P. ◽  
Kiazolu J. Boima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Rice Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Cancer Risk ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
The Mean

Background: Environmental pollution with toxic heavy metals can be lead to the possible contamination of rice. Rice is a staple food widely consumed in the urban and rural parts of Liberia daily. Rice is cultivated in approximately 113 countries and a fundamental source for energy and protein. Objective: The study assesses selected heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Se, and Cr) concentration in selected imported rice and traditionally grown rice and bulgur wheat in Liberia. Methods: Six grade of imported rice, Bulgar wheat, and traditionally grown rice were purchased from the Duport Road and Red-Light markets in Greater Monrovia and analyze using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. All data were analyzed using XLSTAT, and data was used to calculate the risk factor of each rice sample. Results: The mean concentration of heavy metal found in the rice as follow: As, 1.31ppm; Cd, 9.42ppm; Cr. 12.3ppm; Se, 5.73ppm; and Pb, 1.75ppm. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated in combination with the rice consumption data. The mean intakes of As, Cd, Cr, Se, and Pb through rice were estimated to be 1.32, 9.42. 12.4. 5.74, and 1.75 mg/kg BW/day. Chromium has the average estimated daily intake. The combined hazard index for the heavy metals in each sample and the total cancer risk for each sample contributed most significantly to a cancer risk of rice consumption during adult life expectancy.Conclusion: The selected heavy metal concentration from the rice sample was above the FAO/WHO reference Standard but was within the range of the contaminant level except for chromium, which is above the accepted range. However, the hazard index and the total cancer risk indicate a potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk.  

The Use of the Pseudo-Voigt Function in the Variance Method of X-ray Line-Broadening Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez-Bajo ◽  
F. L. Cumbrera
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Variance Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voigt Function

A modified application of the variance method, using the pseudo-Voigt function as a good approximation to the X-ray diffraction profiles, is proposed in order to obtain microstructural quantities such as the mean crystallite size and root-mean-square (r.m.s.) strain. Whereas the variance method in its original form is applicable only to well separated reflections, this technique can be employed in the cases where there is line-profile overlap. Determination of the mean crystallite size and r.m.s. strain for several crystallographic directions in a nanocrystalline cubic sample of 9-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) has been performed by means of this procedure.

Determination of Some Heavy Metal Concentrations in Razor Clam (Solen brevis) from Tanjung Lumpur Coastal Waters, Pahang, Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 1208-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.Y. Kamaruzzam ◽  
M.S. Zahir ◽  
B. Akbar John ◽  
A. Siti Waznah ◽  
K.C.A. Jalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Razor Clam ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Solen Brevis

Interlaboratory Study of Blood Selenium Determinations

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-667
Author(s):  
Tee-Siaw Koh
Keyword(s):  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Se Deficiency

Abstract Fifty-one laboratories from 14 countries participated in a survey on the determination of selenium (Se) in 8 bovine blood samples with Se concentrations ranging from 0.2 μmol/L (0.016 μg/mL) to 14 μmol/L (1.1 μg/mL). The methods used (and the percentage of participants using each method) were fiuorometry (61), hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) (23), graphitefurnace AAS (6), gas chromatography (4), neutron activation analysis (4), and X-ray fiuorometry (2). There was little difference in the mean Se results obtained by fiuorometry or hydride-generation AAS (P > 0.05). Mean intralaboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) from known replicates ranged from 4 to 14% for all samples. Interlaboratory CVs were related to blood Se concentration and increased to 55% at Se levels below 0.4 μmol/L (0.032 μg/mL). Laboratories that used quality control (QC) schemes had lower interlaboratory CVs than those that did not, but the advantage began to diminish at blood Se concentration below 0.4 μmol/L (0.032 μg/mL). The high interlaboratory CVs, coupled with the false assurance from the low intralaboratory CVs and the ineffectiveness of the QC schemes at blood Se concentrations below 0.4 μmol/L (0.032 μg/mL), are of concern in diagnosis of marginal Se deficiency in livestock where the concentrations of interest are in the range 0.15-0.5 μmol/L (0.012-0.039 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Elemental Profile of Heavy Metals in Garden cress, Coriander, Lettuce and Spinach, Commonly Cultivated in Kahrizak, South of Tehran- Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazem Souri ◽  
Neda Alipanahi ◽  
Mansoure Hatamian ◽  
Mohammad Ahmadi ◽  
Tsehaye Tesfamariam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

Abstract Heavy metal accumulation in vegetable tissues often poses a great risk for human health. In the present study, accumulation of heavy metal in green leafy vegetable crops of coriander, garden cress, lettuce and spinach were evaluated under waste water irrigation in fields located in Kahrizak, on the southern edge of the metropolitan city of Tehran, Iran. Atomic absorption spectrophotometery was used for determination of heavy metal concentrations in leaf tissue. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in soil and irrigation water were significantly high than allowable levels. Analysis of plant leaf tissue showed that spinach and garden cress accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to coriander and lettuce plants. Central leaves of lettuce showed the lowest heavy metal concentration compared to outer leaves or leaves of other vegetable crops, and can be the safer product for fresh consumption. The results indicate that the vegetables produced in the region are not suitable for fresh consumption and the agricultural activities should change towards ornamental or industrial crops production.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Damascus Drinking Water Using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Bakraji ◽  
J. Karajo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and chemical preconcentration have been applied for multi-elemental analysis of Damascus drinking water. Water was taken directly from taps of several city sectors and analyzed for the following trace elements: Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Pb. The detection limits were found to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 µg/L. The mean levels of trace elements in the Damascus drinking water were below the World Health Organization drinking water quality guidelines.

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