Application of stress susceptibility index and multivariate analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to identify thermo-tolerant genotypes

Abstract Climatic parameters have become key mechanisms in controlling crop productivity worldwide. The more frequency of heat waves urges the breeding for thermo-tolerance. The motive of this study was to furnish an accurate and deep understanding on the heat tolerance of reproductive key traits (flowers with exerted stigma, pollen viability, fruits set per cent and number of fruits per cluster), along with earliness (days to first fruit set) and yield traits (average fruit weight, pericarp thickness, number of fruits per plant and yield per plant) in tomato. The study reasoned 35 genotypes employing three no-identical analysis tools, ANOVA of field assessment, stress susceptibility index and multivariate analysis based on genetic diversity. Insights of genetic architecture of the reproductive traits under heat stress might improve our core understanding, and might have applied value. The study substantiated the essence of heat tolerance for the genotypes EC-620395, EC-620401, EC-620406 and EC-620410. Divergence analysis revealed five clusters corresponding to specific characters. Therefore on the ground of the investigation new breeding lines and breeding strategies can be implemented under changing environmental conditions with special reference to elevated temperature.

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Accelerating Breeding for Heat Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): An Integrated Approach

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9110720 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 720 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan ◽

Agyemang Danquah ◽

Peter Hanson ◽

Charles Ampomah-Dwamena ◽

Fréjus Ariel Kpêdétin Sodedji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Total Yield ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Advanced Backcross

Heat stress is a major limiting factor for crop productivity. Tomato is highly sensitive to heat stress, which can result in a total yield loss. To adapt to current and future heat stress, there is a dire need to develop heat tolerant cultivars. Here, we review recent attempts to improve screening for heat tolerance and to exploit genetic and genomic resources in tomatoes. We provide key factors related to phenotyping environments and traits (morphological, physiological, and metabolic) to be considered to identify and breed thermo-tolerant genotypes. There is significant variability in tomato germplasm that can be harnessed to breed for thermo-tolerance. Based on our review, we propose that the use of advanced backcross populations and chromosome segments substitution lines is the best means to exploit variability for heat tolerance in non-cultivated tomato species. We applied a meta quantitative trait loci (MQTL) analysis on data from four mapping experiments to co-localize QTL associated with heat tolerance traits (e.g., pollen viability, number of pollen, number of flowers, style protrusion, style length). The analysis revealed 13 MQTL of which 11 were composed of a cluster of QTL. Overall, there was a reduction of about 1.5-fold in the confidence interval (CI) of the MQTL (31.82 cM) compared to the average CI of individual QTL (47.4 cM). This confidence interval is still large and additional mapping resolution approaches such as association mapping and multi-parent linkage mapping are needed. Further investigations are required to decipher the genetic architecture of heat tolerance surrogate traits in tomatoes. Genomic selection and new breeding techniques including genome editing and speed breeding hold promise to fast-track development of improved heat tolerance and other farmer- and consumer-preferred traits in tomatoes.

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Contrasting processing tomato cultivars unlink yield and pollen viability under heat stress

10.1101/2021.04.16.439802 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Golan Miller ◽

Avital Beery ◽

Prashant Kumar Singh ◽

Fengde Wang ◽

Rotem Zelingher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Crop Production ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

General Acceptance ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Tomato Processing ◽

Tomato Cultivars

The occurring climate change is causing temperature increment in crop production areas worldwide, generating conditions of heat stress that negatively affect crop productivity. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a major vegetable crop, is highly susceptible to conditions of heat stress. When tomato plants are exposed to ambient day/night temperatures that exceed 32°C/20°C respectively during the reproductive phase, fruit set and fruit weight are reduced, leading to a significant decrease in yield. Processing tomato cultivars are cultivated in open fields, where environmental conditions are not controlled, therefore plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses, including heat stress. Understanding the physiological response of modern processing tomato cultivars to heat stress may facilitate the development of thermotolerant cultivars. Here, we compared two tomato processing cultivars, H4107 and H9780, that we found to be constantly differing in yield performance. Using field and temperature-controlled greenhouse experiments, we show that the observed difference in yield is attributed to the occurrence of heat stress conditions. In addition, fruit-set and seed production were significantly improved in the thermotolerant cultivar H4107, compared with H9780. Despite the general acceptance of pollen viability as a measure of thermotolerance, there was no difference in the percentage of viable pollen between H4107 and H9780 under either of the conditions tested. Therefore, processing tomato cultivars may present a particular case, in which other factors are central for heat stress tolerance. Our results also demonstrate the value of combining controlled with uncontrolled experimental settings, in order to identify heat stress-related responses and facilitate the development of thermotolerant processing tomato cultivars.

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Heat Treatment in Two Tomatoes Cultivars: A Study of the Effect 3 on a Physiological and Growth Recovery

10.20944/preprints202102.0122.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽

Eun Young Yang ◽

Hyo Bong Jeong ◽

Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽

Soo-Young Chae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Tolerance ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Tomato Cultivar ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Susceptible Tomato ◽

Fruit Diameter

High temperature (HT) significantly affects the crop physiological traits and reduces the 12 productivity in plants. To increase yields as well as survival of crops under HT, developing heat13 tolerant plants is one of the main targets in crop breeding programs. The present study attempted 14 to investigate the linkage of the heat tolerance between the seedling and the reproductive growth 15 stages of tomato cultivars ’Dafnis‘ and ’Minichal’. This research was undertaken to evaluate heat 16 tolerance under two experimental designs such as screening at seedling stage and screening from 17 reproductive traits in greenhouses. Survival rate and physiological responses in seedlings of 18 tomatoes with 4-5 true leaf were estimated under HT (40 °C, RH 70%, day/night, respectively) and 19 under two control and HT greenhouse conditions (day time 28 °C and 40 °C, respectively). Heat 20 stress significantly affected physiological-chemical (photosynthesis, electrolyte conductivity, 21 proline) and vegetative parameters (plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight) in all 22 tomatoes seedlings. The finding revealed that regardless of tomato cultivars the photosynthesis, 23 chlorophyll, total proline and electrical conductivity parameters were varied in seedlings during the 24 heat stress period. The heat tolerance rate of tomatoes in the seedling stage might not be associated 25 always with reproductive parameters. HT reduced the fruit parameters likeas fruit weight (31.9%), 26 fruit length (14.1%), fruit diameter (19.1%) and fruit hardness (9.1%) in compared to NT under HT 27 in heat susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Dafnis’, while in heat tolerant cultivar ‘Minichal’ fruit length 28 (7.1%) and fruit diameter (12.1%) was decreased by the affect of HT but on the contrary fruit weight 29 (3.6%) and fruit hardness (8.3%) were increased. In conclusion, screening and selection for tomatoes 30 should be evaluated at the vegetative and reproductive stages with consideration of reproductive 31 parameters.

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Rising Atmospheric Temperature Impact on Wheat and Thermotolerance Strategies

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Adeel Khan ◽

Munir Ahmad ◽

Mukhtar Ahmed ◽

M. Iftikhar Hussain

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Stay Green ◽

Seed Formation

Temperature across the globe is increasing continuously at the rate of 0.15–0.17 °C per decade since the industrial revolution. It is influencing agricultural crop productivity. Therefore, thermotolerance strategies are needed to have sustainability in crop yield under higher temperature. However, improving thermotolerance in the crop is a challenging task for crop scientists. Therefore, this review work was conducted with the aim of providing information on the wheat response in three research areas, i.e., physiology, breeding, and advances in genetics, which could assist the researchers in improving thermotolerance. The optimum temperature for wheat growth at the heading, anthesis, and grain filling duration is 16 ± 2.3 °C, 23 ± 1.75 °C, and 26 ± 1.53 °C, respectively. The high temperature adversely influences the crop phenology, growth, and development. The pre-anthesis high temperature retards the pollen viability, seed formation, and embryo development. The post-anthesis high temperature declines the starch granules accumulation, stem reserve carbohydrates, and translocation of photosynthates into grains. A high temperature above 40 °C inhibits the photosynthesis by damaging the photosystem-II, electron transport chain, and photosystem-I. Our review work highlighted that genotypes which can maintain a higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, expression of heat shock proteins, stay green and antioxidant enzymes activity viz., catalase, peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase can tolerate high temperature efficiently through sustaining cellular physiology. Similarly, the pre-anthesis acclimation with heat treatment, inorganic fertilizer such as nitrogen, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride, mulches with rice husk, early sowing, presoaking of a 6.6 mM solution of thiourea, foliar application of 50 ppm dithiothreitol, 10 mg per kg of silicon at heading and zinc ameliorate the crop against the high temperature. Finally, it has been suggested that modern genomics and omics techniques should be used to develop thermotolerance in wheat.

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Molecular breeding approaches involving physiological and reproductive traits for heat tolerance in food crops

Indian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1007/s40502-018-0427-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 697-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Manu Priya ◽

K. H. M. Siddique ◽

O. P. Dhankhar ◽

P. V. Vara Prasad ◽

Bindumadhava Hanumantha Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Tolerance ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Food Crops

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Control of Meristem Size

Annual Review of Plant Biology ◽

10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 269-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Munenori Kitagawa ◽

David Jackson

Keyword(s):

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Genetic Networks ◽

Seed Number ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Stem Cell Maintenance ◽

Cell Maintenance

A fascinating feature of plant growth and development is that plants initiate organs continually throughout their lifespan. The ability to do this relies on specialized groups of pluripotent stem cells termed meristems, which allow for the elaboration of the shoot, root, and vascular systems. We now have a deep understanding of the genetic networks that control meristem initiation and stem cell maintenance, including the roles of receptors and their ligands, transcription factors, and integrated hormonal and chromatin control. This review describes these networks and discusses how this knowledge is being applied to improve crop productivity by increasing fruit size and seed number.

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Mapping quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance of reproductive traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-017-0664-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jiemeng Xu ◽

Nicky Driedonks ◽

Marc J. M. Rutten ◽

Wim H. Vriezen ◽

Gert-Jan de Boer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Trait Loci

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Some effects of heat waves on grain sorghum at the stage of head emergence

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9690636 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 9 (41) ◽

pp. 636 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D Pasternak ◽

GL Wilson

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Set ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Heat Treatments ◽

Grain Production ◽

Dry Heat ◽

Heat Application

Sorghum plants were exposed at head emergence to simulated heat waves for five days, and subsequent grain production observed. Comparisons were made between relatively dry heat (108�F, 41 per cent RH by day and 90�F, 53 per cent RH by night), more humid hot conditions (107�F, 70 per cent RH-90�F, 70 per cent RH), and ambient (81�F, 64 per cent RH-71�F, 85 per cent RH). Whole inflorescences or portions that had emerged before heat application were little affected, whereas most enclosed flowers were killed. High temperature was responsible, humidity having little effect. Grain yield depended on the resulting number of grains. There was some loss of pollen viability in the dry heat treatments, but not sufficient to affect seed set.

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