Beneficial effects of a mouthwash containing an antiviral phthalocyanine derivative on the length of hospital stay for COVID-19: Randomised trial

Abstract Background: The risk of contamination and dissemination by SARS-CoV-2 has a strong link with nasal, oral and pharyngeal cavities. Recently, our research group observed the promising performance of an anionic phthalocyanine derivative (APD) used in a mouthwash protocol without photoexcitation; this protocol improved the general clinical condition of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The present two-arm study evaluated in vitro the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of APD. Additionally, a triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 41 hospitalized patients who tested positive for COVID-19. All the included patients received World Health Organization standard care hospital treatment (non-intensive care) plus active mouthwash (experimental group AM/n=20) or nonactive mouthwash (control group NAM/n=21). The adjunct mouthwash intervention protocol used in both groups consisted one-minute gargling/rinsing / 5 times/day until hospital discharge. Groups were compared considering age, number of comorbidities, duration of symptoms prior admission and length of hospital stay (LOS). The associations between group and sex, age range, presence of comorbidities, admission to Intensive care unit (ICU) and death were also evaluated. Results: The in vitro evaluation demonstrated that APD compound was highly effective for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the 1.0 mg/mL (99.96%) to 0.125 mg/mL (92.65%) range without causing cytotoxicity. Regarding the clinical trial, the median LOS of the AM group was significantly shortened (4 days) compared with that of the NAM group (7 days) (p=0.0314). Additionally, gargling/rinsing with APD was very helpful in reducing the severity of symptoms (no ICU care was needed) compared to not gargling/rinsing with APD (28.6% of the patients in the NAM group needed ICU care, and 50% of this ICU subgroup passed way, p=0.0207). Conclusions: This study indicated that the mechanical action of the protocol involving mouthwash containing a compound with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the symptoms of the patients and the spread of infection. The use of APD in a mouthwash as an adjuvant the hospital COVID-19 treatment presented no contraindication and reduced the hospital stay period. Trial Registration: The clinical study was registered at REBEC - Brazilian Clinical Trial Register (RBR-58ftdj).

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Beneficial effects of a mouthwash containing an antiviral phthalocyanine derivative on the length of hospital stay for COVID-19: randomised trial

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99013-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos ◽

Bernardo da Fonseca Orcina ◽

Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado ◽

Fabiano Vieira Vilhena ◽

Lucas Marques da Costa Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Intervention Protocol ◽

Phthalocyanine Derivative

AbstractThe risk of contamination and dissemination by SARS-CoV-2 has a strong link with nasal, oral and pharyngeal cavities. Recently, our research group observed the promising performance of an anionic phthalocyanine derivative (APD) used in a mouthwash protocol without photoexcitation; this protocol improved the general clinical condition of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The present two-arm study evaluated in vitro the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of APD. Additionally, a triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 41 hospitalized patients who tested positive for COVID-19. All the included patients received World Health Organization standard care hospital treatment (non-intensive care) plus active mouthwash (experimental group AM/n = 20) or nonactive mouthwash (control group NAM/n = 21). The adjunct mouthwash intervention protocol used in both groups consisted one-minute gargling/rinsing / 5 times/day until hospital discharge. Groups were compared considering age, number of comorbidities, duration of symptoms prior admission and length of hospital stay (LOS). The associations between group and sex, age range, presence of comorbidities, admission to Intensive care unit (ICU) and death were also evaluated. The in vitro evaluation demonstrated that APD compound was highly effective for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the 1.0 mg/mL (99.96%) to 0.125 mg/mL (92.65%) range without causing cytotoxicity. Regarding the clinical trial, the median LOS of the AM group was significantly shortened (4 days) compared with that of the NAM group (7 days) (p = 0.0314). Additionally, gargling/rinsing with APD was very helpful in reducing the severity of symptoms (no ICU care was needed) compared to not gargling/rinsing with APD (28.6% of the patients in the NAM group needed ICU care, and 50% of this ICU subgroup passed way, p = 0.0207). This study indicated that the mechanical action of the protocol involving mouthwash containing a compound with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the symptoms of the patients and the spread of infection. The use of APD in a mouthwash as an adjuvant the hospital COVID-19 treatment presented no contraindication and reduced the hospital stay period.Trial registration: The clinical study was registered at REBEC—Brazilian Clinical Trial Register (RBR-58ftdj).

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A Study of Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay of COVID-19 Patients by Cox-Proportional Hazard Model in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501327211000231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215013272110002

Author(s):

Gayathri Thiruvengadam ◽

Marappa Lakshmi ◽

Ravanan Ramanujam

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Hazard Model ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Proportional Hazard Model ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

South Indian

Background: The objective of the study was to identify the factors that alter the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients so we have an estimate of the duration of hospitalization of patients. To achieve this, we used a time to event analysis to arrive at factors that could alter the length of hospital stay, aiding in planning additional beds for any future rise in cases. Methods: Information about COVID-19 patients was collected between June and August 2020. The response variable was the time from admission to discharge of patients. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the factors that were associated with the length of hospital stay. Results: A total of 730 COVID-19 patients were included, of which 675 (92.5%) recovered and 55 (7.5%) were considered to be right-censored, that is, the patient died or was discharged against medical advice. The median length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized was found to be 7 days by the Kaplan Meier curve. The covariates that prolonged the length of hospital stay were found to be abnormalities in oxygen saturation (HR = 0.446, P < .001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 0.742, P = .003), levels of D-dimer (HR = 0.60, P = .002), lactate dehydrogenase (HR = 0.717, P = .002), and ferritin (HR = 0.763, P = .037). Also, patients who had more than 2 chronic diseases had a significantly longer length of stay (HR = 0.586, P = .008) compared to those with no comorbidities. Conclusion: Factors that are associated with prolonged length of hospital stay of patients need to be considered in planning bed strength on a contingency basis.

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DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS AND ITS PRESCRIBING INDICATORS IN STROKE PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i3.40529 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 141-144

Author(s):

DURGA PRASAD THAMMISETTY ◽

DIVITI RANGANAYAKULU ◽

DEVANNA NAYAKANTI

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Drug Related Problems ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Prescribing Indicators

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the drug-related problems (DRPs) and the World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators among stroke patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among stroke inpatients of Acute Medical Care and General Medicine Department of a tertiary care hospital located in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. A suitable data collection form was used to collect the data about demographics, clinical characteristics, WHO prescribing indicators, and DRPs. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the demographics, distribution of DRPs, and prescribing indicators in the study. Chi-square test was employed to test the significant association between the demographics and the occurrence of DRPs. Results: Among 174 patients included in the study, 89 had one or more DRPs. A total of 122 DRPs were identified in the study population. Drug interactions (48.4%) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (17.2%) were commonly observed DRPs. A significant direct association was observed between the occurrence of DRPs and number of comorbidities (p<0.001), polypharmacy (p<0.001), and hospital stay (p<0.05). The average number of drugs per prescription was 7.2. Of drugs prescribed, 67.6% were in their generic names. The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic, injection was prescribed was 65.5% and 89.6% respectively. The percentage of drugs prescribed from an essential drug list was 91.2%. Conclusion: The rate of drug interactions and ADRs was high in treatment of stroke patients. Patients suffering from comorbidities, polypharmacy, and long hospital stay were positively associated with occurrence of DRPs in stroke. Regular monitoring and screening for drug interactions and ADRs were advised to reduce the burden DRPs in stroke patients admitted in a critical care unit.

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Healthcare associated infections in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in India: Hospital stay & extra costs

The Indian Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.4103/0971-5916.184306 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 143 (4) ◽

pp. 502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sidhartha Satpathy ◽

Jitender Sodhi ◽

DK Sharma ◽

Rakesh Lodha ◽

Arti Kapil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Paediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Paediatric Intensive Care ◽

Healthcare Associated Infections ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Healthcare Associated

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The effect of a new perioperative practice model on length of hospital stay and on the surgical care process in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-020-00465-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Pulkkinen ◽

Irma Jousela ◽

Janne Engblom ◽

Sanna Salanterä ◽

Kristiina Junttila

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Surgical Care ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Care Process ◽

Practice Model ◽

Hip And Knee Arthroplasty

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Blistering Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A 10-year Audit

Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology ◽

10.3126/njdvl.v18i1.30259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Niraj Parajuli ◽

Laila Lama ◽

Anupama Karki ◽

Rushma Shrestha ◽

Sumida Tiwari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Autoimmune Blistering Disease ◽

Dermatological Disease ◽

Blistering Disease

Introduction: Cutaneous blisters can occur in variety of conditions. They are broadly classified as immunobullous or non-immunobullous. Immunobullous blistering diseases can further classify as intraepidermal or subepidermal. Non-immunobullous blistering disease are commonly due to infections, drugs among others. Some of the blistering disease carry significant mortality and morbidity. There are only limited data on blistering diseases from Nepal, so this study will provide details on the prevalence of this rare dermatological disease from one of the tertiary care referral hospital in the country. Objective: To assess the clinical pattern and prevalence of various blistering diseases in a tertiary care referral hospital. Materials and Methods: All of the data were obtained from the admission register maintained at department of dermatology and venereology, National Academy of Medical Sciences. All the patients admitted with blistering disease from year April 2008 till March 2018 were included. The details including age, sex, type of blistering disease and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results: A total of 710 patients were admitted in the dermatology ward over the period of 10 years. There were a total of 193 blistering disease admitted during this period. Autoimmune blistering disease was diagnosed in 59 patients whereas 100 patients had non-immunobullous disease. The age grouped range from 4- 93 years with the mean age of 43± 19.71 years. The average number of hospital stay of all blistering diseases was 11.73±11.36 days. Conclusion: Blistering diseases are one of the most common conditions requiring admission in dermatology ward. Some of these diseases carry a significant morbidity and mortality. So, prompt diagnosis and treatment is of utmost importance.

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