scholarly journals Decontamination methods for respiratory protection mask model N95: a rapid review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Fernandes Probst ◽  
Ana Tereza Gomes Guerrero ◽  
Andréia Insabralde de Queiroz Cardoso ◽  
Antônio José Grande ◽  
Mariana Garcia Croda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Isopropanol Solution ◽  
Heat Pasteurization ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: N95 respiratory protection masks are used by healthcare professionals to prevent contamination with infectious microorganisms transmitted by droplets or aerosols.Methods: We conducted a rapid review of the literature analyzing the effectiveness of decontamination methods for mask reuse. The review was carried out in September 2020 using a simplification of the formal systematic review process, which simplified the stages of a complete systematic review, including the exclusion of an assessment of study methodology.Results: A total of 563 articles were retrieved of which 48 laboratory-based studies were selected. Fifteen decontamination methods were included in the studies. Hydrogen peroxide was evaluated by 19 laboratory studies, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation by 21, ethylene oxide by 4, dry heat by 11, moist heat by 9, ethanol by 5, isopropanol solution by 2, microwave oven by 11, sodium hypochlorite by 10, autoclave by 7, electric rice cooker by 3, cleaning wipes by 1, bar soap and water 1, multi-Purpose High-Level Disinfection Cabinet by 1 and chlorine dioxide by 1. Five methods appear promising: hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet irradiation, dry heat, wet heat/pasteurization, and microwave ovens.Conclusions: Positive results should be considered with caution as they represent a small number of studies, reflect ideal laboratory conditions, and may have limited applicability in realistic situations and for health systems.

scholarly journals Mask decontamination methods (model N95) for respiratory protection: a rapid review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Fernandes Probst ◽  
Ana Tereza Gomes Guerrero ◽  
Andréia Insabralde de Queiroz Cardoso ◽  
Antônio José Grande ◽  
Mariana Garcia Croda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Isopropanol Solution ◽  
Heat Pasteurization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor

Abstract Background: N95 respiratory protection masks are used by healthcare professionals to prevent contamination from infectious microorganisms transmitted by droplets or aerosols.Methods: We conducted a rapid review of the literature analyzing the effectiveness of decontamination methods for mask reuse. The database searches were carried out up to September 2020. The systematic review was conducted in a way which simplified the stages of a complete systematic review, due to the worldwide necessity on reliable fast evidences on this matter.Results: A total of 563 articles were retrieved of which 48 laboratory-based studies were selected. Fifteen decontamination methods were included in the studies. A total of 19 laboratory studies used Hydrogen peroxide, 21 studies used ultraviolet germicidal irradiation,4 studies used ethylene oxide, 11 studies used dry heat, 9 studies used moist heat, 5 studies used ethanol, two studies used isopropanol solution, 11 studies used microwave oven, 10 studies used sodium hypochlorite, seven studies used autoclave, three studies used electric rice cooker, one study used cleaning wipes, one study used bar soap, one study used water, one study used multi-purpose high-level disinfection cabinet and another one used chlorine dioxide. Five methods promising: hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet irradiation, dry heat, wet heat/pasteurization, and microwave ovens.Conclusions: We have presented the best available evidence on masks decontamination, nevertheless, its applicability are limited due to few studies on the topic and lack of studies on real environments.

scholarly journals Mask decontamination methods (model N95) for respiratory protection: a rapid review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Fernandes Probst ◽  
Ana Tereza Gomes Guerrero ◽  
Andréia Insabralde de Queiroz Cardoso ◽  
Antonio Jose Grande ◽  
Mariana Garcia Croda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Isopropanol Solution ◽  
Heat Pasteurization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor

Abstract Background N95 respiratory protection masks are used by healthcare professionals to prevent contamination from infectious microorganisms transmitted by droplets or aerosols. Methods We conducted a rapid review of the literature analyzing the effectiveness of decontamination methods for mask reuse. The database searches were carried out up to September 2020. The systematic review was conducted in a way which simplified the stages of a complete systematic review, due to the worldwide necessity for reliable fast evidences on this matter. Results A total of 563 articles were retrieved of which 48 laboratory-based studies were selected. Fifteen decontamination methods were included in the studies. A total of 19 laboratory studies used hydrogen peroxide, 21 studies used ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, 4 studies used ethylene oxide, 11 studies used dry heat, 9 studies used moist heat, 5 studies used ethanol, two studies used isopropanol solution, 11 studies used microwave oven, 10 studies used sodium hypochlorite, 7 studies used autoclave, 3 studies used an electric rice cooker, 1 study used cleaning wipes, 1 study used bar soap, 1 study used water, 1 study used multi-purpose high-level disinfection cabinet, and another 1 study used chlorine dioxide. Five methods that are promising are as follows: hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet irradiation, dry heat, wet heat/pasteurization, and microwave ovens. Conclusions We have presented the best available evidence on mask decontamination; nevertheless, its applicability is limited due to few studies on the topic and the lack of studies on real environments.

scholarly journals Decontamination Methods for Respiratory Protection Mask Model N95: A Rapid Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Fernandes Probst ◽  
Ana Tereza Gomes Guerrero ◽  
Andréia Insabralde de Queiroz Cardoso ◽  
Antônio José Grande ◽  
Mariana Garcia Croda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Heat Pasteurization ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Systematic Review Process

Abstract Background: N95 respiratory protection masks are used by healthcare professionals to prevent contamination with infectious microorganisms transmitted by droplets or aerosols. Methods: We conducted a rapid review of the literature analyzing the effectiveness of decontamination methods for mask reuse. The review was carried out in April 2020 using a simplification of the formal systematic review process. A total of 166 articles were retrieved of which 17 laboratory-based studies were selected. Results: Two of the studies only examined the effectiveness of decontamination methods, seven only reported on the maintenance of mask integrity, and eight considered both outcomes. Twelve decontamination methods were included in the studies. Conclusions: Positive results should be considered with caution as they represent a small number of studies, reflect ideal laboratory conditions, and may have limited applicability in realistic situations and for health systems. Nonetheless, five methods appear promising: hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet irradiation, dry heat, wet heat/pasteurization, and microwave ovens.

scholarly journals Role of Dipicolinic Acid in Resistance and Stability of Spores of Bacillus subtilis with or without DNA-Protective α/β-Type Small Acid-Soluble Proteins

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 3740-3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Setlow ◽  
Swaroopa Atluri ◽  
Ryan Kitchel ◽  
Kasia Koziol-Dube ◽  
Peter Setlow
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Wet Heat

ABSTRACT Dipicolinic acid (DPA) comprises ∼10% of the dry weight of spores of Bacillus species. Although DPA has long been implicated in spore resistance to wet heat and spore stability, definitive evidence on the role of this abundant molecule in spore properties has generally been lacking. Bacillus subtilis strain FB122 (sleB spoVF) produced very stable spores that lacked DPA, and sporulation of this strain with DPA yielded spores with nearly normal DPA levels. DPA-replete and DPA-less FB122 spores had similar levels of the DNA protective α/β-type small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP), but the DPA-less spores lacked SASP-γ. The DPA-less FB122 spores exhibited similar UV resistance to the DPA-replete spores but had lower resistance to wet heat, dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and desiccation. Neither wet heat nor hydrogen peroxide killed the DPA-less spores by DNA damage, but desiccation did. The inability to synthesize both DPA and most α/β-type SASP in strain PS3664 (sspA sspB sleB spoVF) resulted in spores that lost viability during sporulation, at least in part due to DNA damage. DPA-less PS3664 spores were more sensitive to wet heat than either DPA-less FB122 spores or DPA-replete PS3664 spores, and the latter also retained viability during sporulation. These and previous results indicate that, in addition to α/β-type SASP, DPA also is extremely important in spore resistance and stability and, further, that DPA has some specific role(s) in protecting spore DNA from damage. Specific roles for DPA in protecting spore DNA against damage may well have been a major driving force for the spore's accumulation of the high levels of this small molecule.

The timeframe for safe resumption of high-level mobility following traumatic brain injury is currently unknown: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sara Gallow ◽  
Laura Hilet ◽  
Edwina Sutherland ◽  
Jennifer McGinley ◽  
John Olver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporised hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with an infectious norovirus

2020 ◽  
pp. 100111
Author(s):  
Constance Wielick ◽  
Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall ◽  
Lorène Dams ◽  
Ravo M. Razafimahefa ◽  
Pierre-Francois Demeuldre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Dry Heat

The use of eHealth to promote physical activity in people living with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Adam McDermott ◽  
Ciaran Haberlin ◽  
Jonathan Moran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ehealth Intervention ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: People living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are less active than healthy individuals. Ehealth is an emerging concept in healthcare which presents opportunities to promote physical activity (PA) in people with PD. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the effectiveness of ehealth in the promotion of PA in people living with PD. METHODS: Suitable articles were searched for using EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and OVID Medline databases using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings. Articles were included if they described an ehealth intervention designed to promote PA in people living with PD. Two reviewers screened studies for suitability and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool and the Downs and Black risk of bias checklist. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, a narrative synthesis of study interventions and results was completed rather than a quantitative analysis. RESULTS: 1449 articles were screened. Four studies met the eligibility criteria which included 652 participants. Web and mobile applications were used to design the PA interventions. PA levels were measured using self-reported questionnaires, Fitbits, activity monitors and accelerometers. Three of the studies reported improvements in aspects of PA. However, this was not consistently reported in all study participants. No adverse effects, a high level of enjoyment and a relatively low attrition rate (∼12.5%) were reported. CONCLUSION: Ehealth is a safe and feasible intervention to promote PA in this population. It is unclear whether ehealth is effective at promoting PA in people with PD. Keywords:

Evaluation of the effectiveness of skin preparation methods for the reduction of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) in shoulder surgery: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 175857322110325
Author(s):  
Maria Sagkrioti ◽  
Stephen Glass ◽  
Georgios Arealis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Shoulder Surgery ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Surgery Outcomes ◽  
Positive Effect

Background Cutibacterium acnes ( C. acnes) is the most common pathogen responsible for post-operative shoulder infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of skin preparation methods against C. acnes in shoulder surgery. Methods A systematic review was conducted evaluating the effectiveness of skin preparation methods in the reduction of C. acnes in patients undergoing shoulder surgery. Outcomes were assessed based on the effectiveness of the method used; side effects and cost were also analysed. Results Of the 19 included studies, 9 evaluated pre-surgical home treatments: 8 assessed benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 6 concluded it is effective in reducing C. acnes. Nine studies assessed surgical skin preparation and concluded that Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was not effective; in contrast hydrogen peroxide reduced C. acnes. Finally, one study evaluated an aseptic protocol using CHG and concluded that it was not effective. Conclusions It was demonstrated that BPO as home treatment is effective in reducing C. acnes load on skin ; it rarely causes side effects and is also cost-effective. This study highlights non-effectiveness of CHG. There was some evidence that the addition of hydrogen peroxide could have a positive effect in the reduction of C. acnes skin load; however, more studies are required.

scholarly journals P6: ANTIPLATELET AND ANTICOAGULANT USE IN RANDOMISED TRIALS OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTION FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Qureshi ◽  
HL Li ◽  
GK Ambler ◽  
KHF Wong ◽  
S Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Arterial Intervention ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Endovascular Intervention ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
High Level

Abstract Introduction Guideline recommendations for antithrombotic (antiplatelet and anticoagulant) therapy during and after endovascular intervention are patchy and conflicted, in part due to a lack of evidence. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the antithrombotic specifications in randomised trials for peripheral arterial endovascular intervention. Method This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomised trials including participants with peripheral arterial disease undergoing endovascular arterial intervention were included. Trial methods were assessed to determine whether an antithrombotic protocol had been specified, its completeness, and the agent(s) prescribed. Antithrombotic protocols were classed as periprocedural (preceding/during intervention), immediate postprocedural (up to 14 days following intervention) and maintenance postprocedural (therapy continuing beyond 14 days). Trials were stratified according to type of intervention. Result Ninety-four trials were included. Only 29% of trials had complete periprocedural antithrombotic protocols, and 34% had complete post-procedural protocols. In total, 64 different periprocedural protocols, and 51 separate postprocedural protocols were specified. Antiplatelet monotherapy and unfractionated heparin were the most common choices of regimen in the periprocedural setting, and dual antiplatelet therapy (55%) was most commonly utilised postprocedure. There is an increasing tendency to use dual antiplatelet therapy with time or for drug-coated technologies. Conclusion Randomised trials comparing different types of peripheral endovascular arterial intervention have a high level of heterogeneity in their antithrombotic regimens, and there has been an increasing tendency to use dual antiplatelet therapy over time. Antiplatelet regimes need to be standardised in trials comparing endovascular technologies. Take-home message To determine the benefits of any endovascular intervention within a randomised trial, antithrombotic regimens should be standardised to prevent confounding. This systematic review demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity of antithrombotic prescribing in randomised trials of endovascular intervention, and an increasing tendency to utilise dual antiplatelet therapy, despite a lack of evidence of benefit, but an increased risk of harm.

scholarly journals Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Di Stefano ◽  
Maria Vittoria De Angelis ◽  
Chiara Montemitro ◽  
Mirella Russo ◽  
Claudia Carrarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Insula Cortex ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
High Level ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Insular Region

Abstract Background and purpose The insular cortex serves a wide variety of functions in humans, ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Hence, insular dysfunction may result in several different presentations. Ischemic strokes limited to the insular territory are rare and deserve a better characterization, to be quickly recognized and to receive the appropriate treatment (e.g. thrombolysis). Methods We reviewed studies on patients with a first-ever acute stroke restricted to the insula. We searched in the Medline database the keywords “insular stroke” and “insular infarction”, to identify previously published cases. Afterwards, the results were divided depending on the specific insular region affected by the stroke: anterior insular cortex (AIC), posterior insular cortex (PIC) or total insula cortex (TIC). Finally, a review of the clinical correlates associated with each region was performed. Results We identified 25 reports including a total of 49 patients (59.7 ± 15.5 years, 48% male) from systematic review of the literature. The most common clinical phenotypes were motor and somatosensory deficits, dysarthria, aphasia and a vestibular-like syndrome. Atypical presentations were also common and included dysphagia, awareness deficits, gustatory disturbances, dysautonomia, neuropsychiatric or auditory disturbances and headache. Conclusions The clinical presentation of insular strokes is heterogeneous; however, an insular stroke should be suspected when vestibular-like, somatosensory, speech or language disturbances are combined in the same patient. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of more atypical presentations.

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