scholarly journals Maternal hypertension-related genes affect the fetal growth via placenta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Sato ◽  
Ayako Fudono ◽  
Chihiro Imai ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto ◽  
Iori Tarui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Maternal Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maternal Blood Pressure

Abstract Low birth weight is associated with the development of cardio-metabolic diseases later in life1-4. A recent Mendelian Randomization Study concluded that the susceptibility of low-birth-weight infants to develop hypertension during adulthood is due to the inheritance of hypertension genes from the mother, and not to an unfavorable intrauterine environment5. Therein, it has been assumed that low birth weight is caused by maternal hypertension5,6, although there is no evidence to support such a linear relationship. In the present study, we have noted that most of blood pressure SNPs are related to vascular regulation7-9 and found that the relationship between maternal blood pressure-increasing polygenic score and reduction of offspring birth weight is mediated by a reduced growth of the placenta but not by the mother's high blood pressure. This suggests that the risk of hypertension of low-birth-weight infants may result from a poor placental environment.

scholarly journals Maternal Blood Pressure in Relation to Birth Outcomes and Consumption of a Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement (P11-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Abreu ◽  
Rebecca Young ◽  
Ashley Buchanan ◽  
Ingrid Lofgren ◽  
Harriet Okronipa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal Blood Pressure

Abstract Objectives It is unknown whether prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) affect blood pressure. The cutoffs to define high blood pressure have recently changed and little research has examined the association between the newly proposed blood pressure cutoffs and birth outcomes. Our objectives were to assess 1) the impact of LNS on maternal blood pressure; and 2) the association between blood pressure and birth outcomes. Methods In total, 1320 pregnant women ≤ 20 wk gestation in Ghana were randomized to receive daily either: 1) iron and folic acid (IFA), 2) multiple micronutrients (MMN), or 3) LNS. Blood pressure was measured at enrollment and 36 wk gestation. Gestational age was determined by ultrasound and newborn anthropometry included weight, length, and head circumference. The effect of LNS on maternal blood pressure was analyzed using ANOVA and associations between maternal blood pressure and birth outcomes were examined by linear and logistic regressions. Results Mean (± SD) systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) at 36 wk gestation were 110 ± 11 and 63 ± 8 mmHg, respectively, and did not differ by supplementation group (P > 0.05). At enrollment, higher DBP was associated with lower birth weight and shorter pregnancy duration; 6.6% of women had high SBP (≥ 130 mmHg) and 3.6% had high DBP (≥ 80 mmHg), and women with high DBP had greater odds of low birth weight (adjusted OR = 2.99 (95% CI = 1.04, 8.62)) and preterm birth (3.99 (1.46, 10.86)) but there were no significant associations with SBP. At 36 wk, higher SBP was associated with a lower birth weight, birth length, newborn head circumference, and a shorter pregnancy duration and higher DBP was associated with a lower birth weight and length; 4.3% of women had high SBP and 2.4% had high DBP and women with high DBP had greater odds of low birth weight (4.14 (1.26, 13.62)) but high SBP (≥ 130 mmHg) was not associated with any birth outcomes. Conclusions Daily LNS during pregnancy did not have a significant effect on maternal blood pressure compared with IFA or MMN in this setting. Both higher SBP and higher DBP were associated with a shorter pregnancy duration and birth size; however, only high DBP was associated with adverse birth outcomes. It is unclear whether the new cutoff for high SBP is useful for identifying pregnancies at risk for adverse birth outcomes. Funding Sources Funded through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the University of California, Davis.

Is Chronic Lung Disease in Low Birth Weight Infants Preventable? A Survey of Eight Centers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Avery ◽  
William H. Tooley ◽  
Jacob B. Keller ◽  
Suzanne S. Hurd ◽  
M. Heather Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

Chronic lung disease in prematurely born infants, defined as the need for increased inspired oxygen at 28 days of age, was thought to be more common in some institutions than in others. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed the experience in the intensive care nurseries at Columbia and Vanderbilt Universities, the Universities of Texas at Dallas, Washington at Seattle, and California at San Francisco, the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, and Mt Sinai Hospital in Toronto. The survey included 1,625 infants with birth weights of 700 to 1,500 g. We confirmed the relationship of risk to low birth weight, white race, and male sex. Significant differences in the incidence of chronic lung disease were found between institutions even when birth weight, race, and sex were taken into consideration through a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Columbia had one of the best outcomes for low birth weight infants and the lowest incidence of chronic lung disease.

SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION FOLLOWING OCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF 10% PHENYLEPHRINE IN THE NEONATE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Borromeo-McGrail ◽  
Joseph Bordiuk ◽  
Hans Keitel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Double Blind

The effect of ophthalmic instillation of 10% phenylephrine on systemic blood pressure in the neonate has not been previously evaluated, despite reports of adverse reactions. The effect of 10% and 2½% phenylephrine eye drops in healthy low birth weight neonates was compared in a double-blind study. Blood pressure showed a rise of 12 to 16 mm Hg in systole and 10 to 14 mm Hg in diastole following administration of 10% phenylephrine. Blood pressure remained stable in infants receiving 2½% phenylephrine. Consistent, although more variable, increases in blood pressure were noted in eight low birth weight infants given 10% phenylephrine eye drops in a nonblind study. Complete mydriasis was achieved with 2½% phenylephrine as well as with 10%. Neither concentration had an effect on pulse or respiratory rates. Cutaneous administration of either 10% or 2½% phenylephrine to abdominal skin produced local blanching but no systemic effect. To avoid potentially dangerous sequelae from iatrogenic hypertension, it is recommended that not more than one drop of 2½% phenylephrine in each eye be administered to neonates for mydriasis.

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