scholarly journals Financial solution for balancing global economy, poverty and hunger differences through blockchain secured real time traceability system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acharya Balkrishna ◽  
Kavindra Singh ◽  
Rishi Arya ◽  
Pallavi Thakur ◽  
Shivam SIngh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Explicit Process

Abstract The grave challenges of inequality, hunger and poverty are escalating in most of developing countries including India, thereby jeopardizing the overall growth of our country as well as the global economy. Under such crippling situations of poverty and inequality, the magnitude of inefficient and unsystematic lending practices, lack of monitoring by lenders and related fraudulent activities are on the rise, thereby causing a substantial build-up of non-performing assets as one of the emerging risks for the financial sector. The available finance management tools, in fact, lack the capability of real-time execution, fund deployment, credit risk assessment and project viability monitoring. This manuscript describes how a combination of process modeling, execution and measurement can be deployed for assessing financial traceability with accounting, billing, inventory & real-time project tracking and monitoring updates. The explicit process accounts primarily for due diligence framework; controls financial traceability; as well as geo-mapping, fencing & tagging based tangible process assessment of projects prior to lending, during and post implementation. Ultimately, the proposed blockchain secured finance solution (B-Bank™) will cause optimization of credit risk capital at both stages of pre-sanction, pre-disbursement and post implementation of projects, thereby balancing and strengthening the financial institutions and ultimately the global economy.

The relationship between risk, capital and efficiency in Indian banking: Does ownership matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Sanjukta Sarkar ◽  
Rudra Sensarma ◽  
Dipasha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose This paper aims to examine the interplay between risk, capital and efficiency of Indian banks and study how their relationship differs across different ownership types. Design/methodology/approach Panel regression techniques are used to analyze a large data set of all Indian scheduled commercial banks operating during the period 2008-2016. Findings The results show that lower efficiency is associated with higher credit risk in the case of public sector and old private sector banks (”bad management hypothesis”). However, higher efficiency leads to higher credit risk in the case of foreign banks (“cost skimping hypothesis”). The authors further find that the more efficient institutions among public sector hold more capital. Finally, they find that the better-capitalized banks among those in the public sector have lower risks on their balance sheets (“moral hazard hypothesis”). Originality/value There is a paucity of papers on the interplay between risk, capital and efficiency of banks in emerging economies. This paper is the first to study the inter-relationship between risk, capital and efficiency of Indian banks across ownership groups using a number of different measures of risk.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT- A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN IRANIAN BANKS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mortezaee ◽  
Davoud Sanji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Financial Risk Management ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Public Banks

Undoubtedly financial risk management due to its high impact on stockholders wealth is always considering by Banks. Risk management methods and its accomplishment leads to shareholder consent or dissatisfaction. Present research, examine this issue by three instruments of Financial risk management includes interest rate risk, capital risk and risk of natural hedging. Thus, the main problem in this content is to some extent financial risk management methods can effect on stockholders’ wealth. We separate banks into private sector and public sector and examine hypothesis for each group by regression models. Return on Equity (ROE) changes is a reliable criterion for shareholders wealth. Results show that public banks are more successful in using risk management tools in compared with private banks. In other word, we have found more meaningful relationship between financial risk management tools and shareholder wealth in public banks.

Blockchain technology development and implementation for global logistics operations: a reference model perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukshanda Kamran ◽  
Nasreen Khan ◽  
Balan Sundarakani
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Global Logistics

Purpose Blockchain technology offers a lot of potential benefits in supply chain management. However, there is a need of a reference model which addresses the gaps in existing frameworks. This paper aims to propose a blockchain technology-based reference model which can be applied to global logistics operations. Design/methodology/approach The researchers have integrated the fit-for-purpose theoretical framework and prototyping methodology to design the reference model, a blockchain-based logistics, tracking and traceability system (BLTTS). The researchers demonstrated the application of the reference model through a health-care supply chain case study. The proposed BLTTS can be implemented across global logistics operations for business performance improvement. Findings The research provides a framework and recommendations for global companies to consider when adopting the blockchain technology for implementation. The researchers found that the Ethereum blockchain technology improves security of the data shared within the block through the secure hashing algorithm 1. The hash algorithm ensures anonymity of the involved parties. The model integrates blockchain with supply chain thus creating transparent process, efficiency and real-time communication. Research limitations/implications The reference model will offer a better solution to global logistics operations challenges. It provides recommendations to key stakeholders involved in logistics operations segment of the logistics industry while adopting blockchain technology. Apart from the methodological limitation of the study, the system compatibility and the layer configuration aspects might be posing potential challenges while upscaling the implementation. Originality/value The proposed reference model overcomes the drawbacks of existing models as it integrates Ethereum technology. In addition, the researchers have applied the model to demonstrate its functioning in real-time environment, which could guide for future research.

Cassandra-based data repository design for food supply chain traceability

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Singh ◽  
Mamata Jenamani
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Query Language ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Real Time Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a supply chain database schema for Cassandra to store real-time data generated by Radio Frequency IDentification technology in a traceability system. Design/methodology/approach The real-time data generated in such traceability systems are of high frequency and volume, making it difficult to handle by traditional relational database technologies. To overcome this difficulty, a NoSQL database repository based on Casandra is proposed. The efficacy of the proposed schema is compared with two such databases, document-based MongoDB and column family-based Cassandra, which are suitable for storing traceability data. Findings The proposed Cassandra-based data repository outperforms the traditional Structured Query Language-based and MongoDB system from the literature in terms of concurrent reading, and works at par with respect to writing and updating of tracing queries. Originality/value The proposed schema is able to store the real-time data generated in a supply chain with low latency. To test the performance of the Cassandra-based data repository, a test-bed is designed in the lab and supply chain operations of Indian Public Distribution System are simulated to generate data.

A Bayesian hierarchical approach to integrating historical and in-season genetic data for real-time assessment of a mixed stock fishery

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1721-1732
Author(s):  
Lukas B. DeFilippo ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Kyle Shedd ◽  
Kevin L. Schaberg
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Mixed Stock

With advances in molecular genetics, it is becoming increasingly feasible to conduct genetic stock identification (GSI) to inform management actions that occur within a fishing season. While applications of in-season GSI are becoming widespread, such programs seldom integrate data from previous years, underutilizing the full breadth of information available for real-time inference. In this study, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that integrates historical and in-season GSI data to estimate temporal changes in the composition of a mixed stock of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returning to Alaska’s Chignik watershed across the fishing season. Simulations showed that even after accounting for time constraints of transporting and analyzing genetic samples, a hierarchical approach can rapidly achieve accurate in-season stock allocation, outperforming alternative methods that rely solely on historical or in-season data by themselves. As the distribution and phenology of fish populations becomes more variable and difficult to predict under climate change, in-season management tools will likely be increasingly relied upon to protect biocomplexity while maximizing harvest opportunity in mixed stock fisheries.

scholarly journals The Development of an Intelligent Monitoring System for Agricultural Inputs Basing on DBN-SOFTMAX

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
V. Sarath Babu ◽  
Juan Zou ◽  
Xu Can Cai ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Softmax Classifier ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Time Acquisition

To solve the problem of unreliability of traceability information in the traceability system, we developed an intelligent monitoring system to realize the real-time online acquisition of physicochemical parameters of the agricultural inputs and to predict the varieties of input products accurately. Firstly, self-developed monitoring equipment was used to realize real-time acquisition, format conversion and pretreatment of the physicochemical parameters of inputs, and real-time communication with the cloud platform server. In this process, LoRa technology was adopted to solve the wireless communication problems between long-distance, low-power, and multinode environments. Secondly, a deep belief network (DBN) model was used to learn unsupervised physicochemical parameters of input products and extract the input features. Finally, these input features were utilized on the softmax classifier to establish the classification model, which could accurately predict the varieties of agricultural inputs. The results showed that when six kinds of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and other agricultural inputs were predicted through the system, the prediction accuracy could reach 98.5%. Therefore, the system can be used to monitor the varieties of agrarian inputs effectively and use in real-time to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the traceability information.

A Study on the Economic Benefits of Globalization: Focusing on the Poverty and Inequality between the Rich and the Poor

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries

Globalization is now well recognized by many as an inescapable feature of the world today. In particular, in the middle of global economic crisis globalization is one of the hot issues drawing much attention from countries around the world. There are contradictory perspectives on globalization. There are many sweeping statements that assert that economic globalization is increasing global poverty and inequality between the rich and the poor in the world. There are also many others who insist that the poverty and inequality issues have been resolved in some sense through globalization. In order to find the answer to the question, firstly the meaning of globalization was fully explained. Based on the understanding of globalization, the questions such as how globalization has contributed to reduce the economic gap between the developed and the developing countries, and to reduce the poverty by analyzing the economic growth, the number of people living below the absolute poverty line and so on were analyzed. The reasons why globalization is a good opportunity for some countries while some other countries get not something from the globalization was also discussed in this research. We found that globalization has contributed to reduce global poverty and to increase the welfare of both the developed and developing countries. However globalization has impacted different groups differently. Some have benefited enormously, while others have borne more of the costs. The developed countries could get more economic benefits from the less developed countries through globalization. This means, inequality between the rich and the poor countries still remained as a serious threat in the global economy. And even among the developing countries globalization has impacted differently. The trends toward faster growth and poverty reduction are strongest in developing economies that have integrated with the global economy most rapidly, which supports the view that integration has been a positive force for improving the lives of people in developing countries There are two main reasons for the inequality existing between the developed and developing countries. The fist one is the difference of economic size and power between the developed countries and the developing countries started to exist from the late 18th century. The second one is the differences in the management skill in taking advantage of the globalization.

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