scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patients with varying severity of acute COVID-19 illness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Deshni Jayathilaka ◽  
Laksiri Gomes ◽  
Ananda Wijewickrama ◽  
Eranga Narangoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Viral Neutralization Test

Abstract In order to support vaccine development, and to aid convalescent plasma therapy, it would be important to understand the kinetics, timing and persistence of SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and their association with clinical disease severity. Therefore, we used a surrogate viral neutralization test to evaluate their levels in patients with varying severity of illness, in those with prolonged shedding and those with mild/asymptomatic illness at various time points.Patients with severe or moderate COVID-19 illness had earlier appearance of NAbs at higher levels compared to those with mild or asymptomatic illness. Furthermore, those who had prolonged shedding of the virus, had NAbs appearing faster and at higher levels than those who cleared the virus earlier. During the first week of illness the NAb levels of those with mild illness was significantly less (p=0.01), compared to those with moderate and severe illness. At the end of 4 weeks (28 days), although 89% had Nabs, 38/76 (50%) in those with >90 days had a negative result for the presence of NAbs. The Ab levels significantly declined during convalescence (>90 days since onset of illness), compared to 4 to 8 weeks since onset of illness. Our data show that high levels of NAbs during early illness associated with clinical disease severity and that these antibodies declined in 50% of individuals after 3 months since onset of illness.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patients with varying severity of acute COVID-19 illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Deshni Jayathilaka ◽  
Laksiri Gomes ◽  
Ananda Wijewickrama ◽  
Eranga Narangoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Viral Neutralization Test

AbstractIn order to support vaccine development, and to aid convalescent plasma therapy, it would be important to understand the kinetics, timing and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and their association with clinical disease severity. Therefore, we used a surrogate viral neutralization test to evaluate their levels in patients with varying severity of illness, in those with prolonged shedding and those with mild/asymptomatic illness at various time points. Patients with severe or moderate COVID-19 illness had earlier appearance of NAbs at higher levels compared to those with mild or asymptomatic illness. Furthermore, those who had prolonged shedding of the virus, had NAbs appearing faster and at higher levels than those who cleared the virus earlier. During the first week of illness the NAb levels of those with mild illness was significantly less (p = 0.01), compared to those with moderate and severe illness. At the end of 4 weeks (28 days), although 89% had NAbs, 38/76 (50%) in those with > 90 days had a negative result for the presence of NAbs. The Ab levels significantly declined during convalescence (> 90 days since onset of illness), compared to 4 to 8 weeks since onset of illness. Our data show that high levels of NAbs during early illness associated with clinical disease severity and that these antibodies declined in 50% of individuals after 3 months since onset of illness.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patients with varying severity of acute COVID-19 illness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Deshni Jayathilaka ◽  
Laksiri Gomes ◽  
Ananda Wijewickrama ◽  
Eranga Narangoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Viral Neutralization Test

Abstract In order to understand the kinetics, timing and persistence of SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) we used a surrogate viral neutralization test to evaluate their levels in patients with varying severity of illness, in those with prolonged shedding and those with mild/asymptomatic illness at various time points. Patients with severe or moderate COVID-19 illness had earlier appearance of Nabs at higher levels compared to those with mild or asymptomatic illness. Furthermore, those who had prolonged shedding of the virus, had Nabs appearing faster and at higher levels than those who cleared the virus earlier. Although all individuals appeared to be antibody positive by end of week 5, the positivity rates declined thereafter, especially in those who had mild or asymptomatic illness.

scholarly journals Neutralization heterogeneity of United Kingdom and South-African SARS CoV-2 variants in BNT162b2-vaccinated or convalescent COVID-19 healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Sylvain Marot ◽  
Isabelle Malet ◽  
Aude Jary ◽  
Valentin Leducq ◽  
Basma Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
South African ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Protection Activity ◽  
Viral Neutralization Test

There are concerns about neutralizing antibodies (NAb) potency against the newly emerged VOC202012/01 (UK) and 501Y.V2 (SA) SARS-CoV-2 variants in mRNA-vaccinated subjects and in recovered COVID-19 patients. We used a viral neutralization test with a strict 100% neutralizing criterion on UK and SA clinical isolates in comparison with a globally distributed D614G SARS-CoV-2 strain. In two doses BNT162b2-vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW), despite heterogeneity in neutralizing capacity against the three SARS-CoV-2 strains, all sera harbored at least a NAb titer ≥ 1:10 suggesting a certain humoral protection activity either on UK or SA variants. However, six months after mild forms of COVID-19, an important proportion of HCW displayed no neutralizing activity against SA strain. This result supports strong recommendations for vaccination of previously infected subjects.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies; longevity, breadth, and evasion by emerging viral variants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Tea ◽  
Alberto Ospina Stella ◽  
Anupriya Aggarwal ◽  
David Ross Darley ◽  
Deepti Pilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
High Responders ◽  
Neutralization Response ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization response and its evasion by emerging viral variants are unknown. Antibody immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens and Spike variants, inhibition of Spike-driven virus-cell fusion, and infectious SARS-CoV-2 neutralization were characterized in 807 serial samples from 233 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 individuals with detailed demographics and followed up to seven months. A broad and sustained polyantigenic immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid proteins, along with high viral neutralization were associated with COVID-19 severity. A subgroup of ‘high responders’ maintained high neutralizing responses over time, representing ideal convalescent plasma therapy donors. Antibodies generated against SARS-CoV-2 during the first COVID-19 wave had reduced immunoreactivity and neutralization potency to emerging Spike variants. Accurate monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses would be essential for selection of optimal plasma donors and vaccine monitoring and design.One Sentence SummaryNeutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are sustained, associated with COVID19 severity, and evaded by emerging viral variants

scholarly journals Magnitude and Kinetics of Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Responses and Their Relationship to Disease Severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara L Lynch ◽  
Jeffrey D Whitman ◽  
Noreen P Lacanienta ◽  
Erica W Beckerdite ◽  
Shannon A Kastner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Protein Receptor

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can be detected indirectly by measuring the host immune response. For some viruses, antibody concentrations correlate with host protection and viral neutralization, but in rare cases, antiviral antibodies can promote disease progression. Elucidation of the kinetics and magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response is essential to understand the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods Sera (n = 533) from patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19 (n = 94 with acute infections and n = 59 convalescent patients) were tested using a high-throughput quantitative immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) assay that detects antibodies to the spike protein receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid protein. Individual and serial samples covered the time of initial diagnosis, during the disease course, and following recovery. We evaluated antibody kinetics and correlation between magnitude of the response and disease severity. Results Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 antibody production varied considerably. Among 52 patients with 3 or more serial specimens, 44 (84.6%) and 42 (80.8%) had observed IgM and IgG seroconversion at a median of 8 and 10 days, respectively. Compared to those with milder disease, peak measurements were significantly higher for patients admitted to the intensive care unit for all time intervals between 6 and 20 days for IgM, and all intervals after 5 days for IgG. Conclusions High-sensitivity assays with a robust dynamic range provide a comprehensive picture of host antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. IgM and IgG responses were significantly higher in patients with severe than mild disease. These differences may affect strategies for seroprevalence studies, therapeutics, and vaccine development.

scholarly journals Comparative study of adenoviruses with monoclonal antibodies

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezinha Maria de Paiva ◽  
Sueko Takimoto ◽  
María Akíko Ishida ◽  
María Candida Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Tuneo Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Viral Neutralization Test

The obtainment of monoclonal antibodies for adenovirus species 4(Ad4) is described.The specificities of selected monoclonal antibodies were determined by means of viral neutralization test in cell culture, immunofluorescence and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), in the presence of the following species of human adenovirus: 1, 2, 5 (subgenus C), 4 (subgenus E), 7 and 16 (subgenus B) and 9 (subgenus D). Two monoclonal antibodies species specific to adenovirus 4 (1CIII and 3DIII) and one monoclonal antibody that cross reacted with adenovirus species 4 and 7 (2HIII) were obtained.

scholarly journals Limited window for donation of convalescent plasma with high live-virus neutralizing antibodies for COVID-19 immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinay Gontu ◽  
Sreenidhi Srinivasan ◽  
Eric Salazar ◽  
Meera Surendran Nair ◽  
Ruth H. Nissly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Optimal Window

ABSTRACTThe optimal timeframe for donating convalescent plasma to be used for COVID-19 immunotherapy is unknown. To address this important knowledge deficit, we determined in vitro live-virus neutralizing capacity and persistence of IgM and IgG antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain and S1 ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in 540 convalescent plasma samples obtained from 175 COVID-19 plasma donors for up to 142 days post-symptom onset. Robust IgM, IgG, and viral neutralization responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist, in the aggregate, for at least 100 days post-symptom onset. However, a notable acceleration in decline in virus neutralization titers ≥160, a value suitable for convalescent plasma therapy, was observed starting 60 days after first symptom onset. Together, these findings better define the optimal window for donating convalescent plasma useful for immunotherapy of COVID-19 patients and reveal important predictors of an ideal plasma donor, including age and COVID-19 disease severity score.One Sentence SummaryEvaluation of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein IgM, IgG, and live-virus neutralizing titer profiles reveals that the optimal window for donating convalescent plasma for use in immunotherapy is within the first 60 days of symptom onset.

scholarly journals A high-throughput neutralizing antibody assay for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. Muruato ◽  
Camila R. Fontes-Garfias ◽  
Ping Ren ◽  
Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco ◽  
Vineet D. Menachery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
High Throughput Assay ◽  
Key Parameter

AbstractVirus neutralization remains the gold standard for determining antibody efficacy. Therefore, a high-throughput assay to measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies is urgently needed for COVID-19 serodiagnosis, convalescent plasma therapy, and vaccine development. Here we report on a fluorescence-based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay that detects SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patient specimens and yields comparable results to plaque reduction neutralizing assay, the gold standard of serological testing. Our approach offers a rapid platform that can be scaled to screen people for antibody protection from COVID-19, a key parameter necessary to safely reopen local communities.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy from Neutralizing Antibody Levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid R. Abedi ◽  
Samuel Dixon ◽  
Timothy Guyon ◽  
Serene Hsu ◽  
Aviva R. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Antibody Levels

Recent studies using data accrued from global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efforts have demonstrated that breakthrough infections are correlated with levels of neutralizing antibodies. The decrease in neutralizing antibody titers of vaccinated individuals over time, combined with the emergence of more infectious variants of concern has resulted in waning vaccine efficacy against infection and a rise in breakthrough infections. Here we use a combination of neutralizing antibody measurements determined by a high throughput surrogate viral neutralization test (sVNT) together with published data from vaccine clinical trials and comparative plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) between SARS-CoV-2 variants to develop a model for vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic infection. Vaccine efficacy estimates using this model show good concordance with real world data from the US and Israel. Our work demonstrates that appropriately calibrated neutralizing antibody measurements determined by high throughput sVNT can be used to provide a semi-quantitative estimate of protection against infection. Given the highly variable antibody levels among the vaccinated population, this model may be of use in identification of individuals with an elevated risk of breakthrough infections.

scholarly journals Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that maximize breadth and resistance to viral escape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler N Starr ◽  
Nadine Czudnochowski ◽  
Fabrizia Zatta ◽  
Young-Jun Park ◽  
Zhuoming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Parental Antibody

An ideal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody would resist viral escape, have activity against diverse SARS-related coronaviruses, and be highly protective through viral neutralization and effector functions. Understanding how these properties relate to each other and vary across epitopes would aid development of antibody therapeutics and guide vaccine design. Here, we comprehensively characterize escape, breadth, and potency across a panel of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD), including S309, the parental antibody of the late-stage clinical antibody VIR-7831. We observe a tradeoff between SARS-CoV-2 in vitro neutralization potency and breadth of binding across SARS-related coronaviruses. Nevertheless, we identify several neutralizing antibodies with exceptional breadth and resistance to escape, including a new antibody (S2H97) that binds with high affinity to all SARS-related coronavirus clades via a unique RBD epitope centered on residue E516. S2H97 and other escape-resistant antibodies have high binding affinity and target functionally constrained RBD residues. We find that antibodies targeting the ACE2 receptor binding motif (RBM) typically have poor breadth and are readily escaped by mutations despite high neutralization potency, but we identify one potent RBM antibody (S2E12) with breadth across sarbecoviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 and with a high barrier to viral escape. These data highlight functional diversity among antibodies targeting the RBD and identify epitopes and features to prioritize for antibody and vaccine development against the current and potential future pandemics.

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