scholarly journals Neurotoxic Zanthoxylum chalybeum root constituents invoke mosquito larval growth retardation through ecdysteroidogenic CYP450s transcriptional perturbations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Mbithi Muema ◽  
Joel L. Bargul ◽  
James M. Mutunga ◽  
Meshack A. Obonyo ◽  
George O. Asudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Vector Control Intervention ◽  
Transcriptional Modulation ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Bioactive Fraction ◽  
Larval Toxicity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: Intracellular effects exerted by phytochemicals eliciting insect growth-reducing responses during vector control intervention remain largely underexplored. We studied the effects of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. (Rutaceae) (ZCE) root derivatives against malaria (Anopheles gambiae) and arbovirus vector (Aedes aegypti) larvae to decipher possible molecular targets. Results: We report dose-dependent biphasic effects on larval response, with transient exposure to ZCE and its bioactive fraction (ZCFr.5) inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, inducing larval lethality and growth retardation at sublethal doses. Half-maximal lethal concentrations (LC50) for ZCE and ZCFr.5 against An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti larvae after 24-h exposure were 9.00 ppm, 12.26 ppm, and 1.58 ppm, 3.21 ppm, respectively. Inhibition of AChE was potentially linked to larval toxicity afforded by 2-tridecanone, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid), sesamin, β-caryophyllene among other compounds identified in the bioactive fraction. In addition, the phenotypic larval retardation induced by ZCE root constituents were exerted through transcriptional modulation of ecdysteroidogenic CYP450 genes. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings provide an explorative avenue for developing potential mosquito control agents from Z. chalybeum root constituents.

Effects of Chironomus tentans larval growth retardation on adult emergence and ovipositing success: implications for interpreting freshwater sediment bioassays

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 323 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Liber ◽  
Daniel J. Call ◽  
Timothy D. Dawson ◽  
Frank W. Whiteman ◽  
Thomas M. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Freshwater Sediment ◽  
Chironomus Tentans

scholarly journals Plant-associated CO2 mediates long-distance host location and foraging behaviour of a root herbivore

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla CM Arce ◽  
Vanitha Theepan ◽  
Bernardus CJ Schimmel ◽  
Geoffrey Jaffuel ◽  
Matthias Erb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Root Herbivore ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Dose Dependent

Insect herbivores use different cues to locate host plants. The importance of CO2 in this context is not well understood. We manipulated CO2 perception in western corn rootworm (WCR) larvae through RNAi and studied how CO2 perception impacts their interaction with their host plant. The expression of a carbon dioxide receptor, DvvGr2, is specifically required for dose-dependent larval responses to CO2. Silencing CO2 perception or scrubbing plant-associated CO2 has no effect on the ability of WCR larvae to locate host plants at short distances (<9 cm), but impairs host location at greater distances. WCR larvae preferentially orient and prefer plants that grow in well-fertilized soils compared to plants that grow in nutrient-poor soils, a behaviour that has direct consequences for larval growth and depends on the ability of the larvae to perceive root-emitted CO2. This study unravels how CO2 can mediate plant–herbivore interactions by serving as a distance-dependent host location cue.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils of Discarded Perfume Lemon and Leaves (Citrus Limon (L.) Burm. F.) as Possible Sources of Functional Botanical Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Wu ◽  
Xiaowen Tang ◽  
Rongchao Jian ◽  
Jiahao Li ◽  
Maoyu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Biological Assessments ◽  
Dose Dependent

Two essential oils were isolated from discarded perfume lemon and leaves (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.) by hydro-distillation with good yield (0.044% for perfume lemon and 0.338% for leaves). Their biological activities were evaluated against five selected bacterial strains and Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus, Diptera: Culicidae). Chemical composition indicated that both essential oils were rich in essential phytochemicals including hydrocarbons, monoterpenes and sesquiterpene. These constituents revealed some variability among the oils displaying interesting chemotypes (R)-(+)-limonene (12.29–49.63%), citronellal (5.37–78.70%) and citronellol (2.98–7.18%). The biological assessments proved that the two essential oils had similar effect against bacterial (inhibition zones diameter ranging from 7.27 ± 0.06 to 10.37 ± 0.15 mm; MICs and MBCs ranging from 1.6 to 6.4 mg/mL); against Ae. albopictus larvae (LC50 ranging from 384.81 to 395.09 ppm) and adult mosquito (LD50 ranging from 133.059 to 218.962 μg/cm2); the activity of the two chemotypes ((R)-(+)-limonene and citronellal): larvae (LC50 ranging from 267.08 to 295.28 ppm), which were all presented in dose-dependent manners. Through this work, we have showcased that recycling and reusing of agriculture by-products, such as discarded perfume lemon and leaves can produce eco-friendly alternatives in bacterial disinfectants and mosquito control product.

Vector dynamics predicts transmission dynamics: a simple, realistic and sensible approach for measuring malaria endemicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
Nitika Pradhan ◽  
Rojalini Tarai ◽  
Rupenangshu K. Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Vector Abundance ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Vector Control Intervention ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Intervention Scenario

AbstractEntomological indicators such as vector density, distribution, biology and bionomics and their vectorial attributes are important parameters for measuring the pattern and intensity of malaria transmission. Although published articles provide evidence for the existence of associations between entomological indices and malaria transmission dynamics, none of them is able to establish a strong correlation. In order to address this issue, the present study aims to assess how malaria transmission is influenced and can be predicted by local major vector dynamics. We carried out an entomological assessment of major Anopheline vector abundance, habit/habitat, resting and feeding behavior, infectivity rates, and other entomological parameters. Results suggest that malaria transmission was correlated with a vector control intervention and non-intervention scenario in a high endemic region of Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. Amongst all indices, infective anthropophagic vectors established a strong positive correlation with malaria morbidity in comparison to infective or anthropophagic vector species during both the study periods. Though other entomological parameters influenced the transmission intensity, little quantifiable association was detected among study sites. This study provides strong baseline evidence of an association between entomological indices and malaria transmission dynamics, which could be used as an early warning system for outbreak prediction.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent hepatic transcriptional responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to sublethal doses of gamma radiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Song ◽  
Brit Salbu ◽  
Hans-Christian Teien ◽  
Lene Sørlie Heier ◽  
Bjørn Olav Rosseland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals Vector control intervention towards interruption of transmission of Chagas disease by Rhodnius prolixus, main vector in Guatemala

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hashimoto ◽  
Hugo Álvarez ◽  
Jun Nakagawa ◽  
Jaime Juarez ◽  
Carlota Monroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Vector Control Intervention

scholarly journals A significant increase inkdrinAnopheles gambiaeis associated with an intensive vector control intervention in Burundi highlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1479-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Protopopoff ◽  
Katrijn Verhaeghen ◽  
Wim Van Bortel ◽  
Patricia Roelants ◽  
Tanguy Marcotty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Vector Control Intervention

scholarly journals Curcumin Mediated Attenuation of Carbofuran Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Vivek Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

The indiscriminate use of carbofuran to improve crop productivity causes adverse effects in nontargets including mammalian systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbofuran induced oxidative stress in rat brain stem and its attenuation by curcumin, a herbal product. Out of 6 groups of rats, 2 groups received two different doses of carbofuran, that is, 15 and 30% of LD50, respectively, for 30 days. Out of these, 2 groups receiving same doses of carbofuran were pretreated with curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight). The levels of antioxidants, TBARS, GSH, SOD, catalase, and GST were determined in rat brain stem. The 2 remaining groups served as placebo and curcumin treated, respectively. The data suggested that carbofuran at different doses caused significant alterations in the levels of TBARS and GSH in dose dependent manner. The TBARS and GSH contents were elevated. The activities of SOD, catalase, and GST were significantly inhibited at both doses of carbofuran. The ratio of P/A was also found to be sharply increased. The pretreatment of curcumin exhibited significant protection from carbofuran induced toxicity. The results suggested that carbofuran at sublethal doses was able to induce oxidative stress in rat brain which could be attenuated by curcumin.

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