Crystalline Structure Analysis of All-cellulose Nanocomposites Films Based on Corn and Wheat Straw

Abstract The cellulose and nanocellulose which was extracted from corn straw and wheat straw was used to fabricate all-cellulose nanocomposites film (ANF). The crystal structure (CS) of ANFs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The result shows that cellulose-I and cellulose-II are coexisting within regenerated cellulose films (RCF) and ANFs and can transfer each other with the change of nanocellulose content. The characteristics of cellulose transformation depend on the raw material and preparing method of cellulose. When cellulose is prepared from corn straw, under two preparing methods, the cellulose type tends to transform from cellulose-I to cellulose-II with low nanocellulose content and transform from cellulose-II to cellulose-I with high nanocellulose content. However, when cellulose is prepared from wheat straw, under extracting methods, the cellulose type tends to transform from cellulose-I to cellulose-II with nanocellulose content increase; under acid-alkali methods, the transformation is from cellulose-II to cellulose-I. The crystalline index (CI) of RCFs and ANFs is no obvious regularity, and the either content of cellulose-I or cellulose-II alone cannot determine the CI. Based on above result, the transformation characteristics of cellulose type should affect the property of ANFs, but further research methods and strategies are needed on what the effects are.

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Crystalline structure analysis of all-cellulose nanocomposite films based on corn and wheat straws

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.8353-8365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 8353-8365

Author(s):

Hongxia Bian ◽

Yanyan Yang ◽

Peng Tu

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Raw Material ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Ii ◽

Cellulose Solution ◽

Clear Pattern ◽

Cellulose I ◽

Corn Straw

Cellulose solution and nanocellulose were prepared from corn straw and wheat straw and then used to fabricate an all-cellulose nanocomposites film (ANF). The crystal structure (CS) of ANFs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Cellulose-I and cellulose-II were found to coexist within regenerated cellulose films (RCF) and ANFs. With the change of nanocellulose content, the proportions of cellulose-I and cellulose-II changed. Cellulose transformation was found to depend on the raw material and the preparation method. When cellulose solution was prepared from corn straw that had been extracted, the cellulose type tended to be transformed from cellulose-I to cellulose-II; the proportion of cellulose-I showed a tendency to increase when nanocellulose content exceeded 1.5%. When the dissolved cellulose had been treated by an acid-alkali method, the results did not follow a clear pattern. However, when cellulose solution was prepared from wheat straw, under extraction method, the cellulose type tended to transform from cellulose-I to cellulose-II; under acid-alkali method, cellulose-I did not follow a clear pattern with nanocellulose content. Though the small amount of nanocellulose can’t dominate the content of cellulose-I, it could cause an increase in disorder of the cellulose matrix.

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STUDIES ON THE SELECTIVE UNIPLANAR ORIENTATION OF (101) PLANES OF CELLULOSE II CRYSTALS IN REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILMS

Sen i Gakkaishi ◽

10.2115/fiber.25.80 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 80-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Toshisada Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Ii ◽

Cellulose Films ◽

Regenerated Cellulose Films

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Preparation and Properties of Regenerated Sisal Cellulose from a Homogeneous Solution

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.265 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 700 ◽

pp. 265-269

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Huan Liu ◽

Ji Hua Li ◽

Xiao Yi Wei ◽

Yi Hong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Homogeneous Solution ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Ii ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Cellulose I ◽

Natural Cellulose ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

Application Fields

The sisal cellulose was dissolved in ILs under optimal conditions of 150°C and 400W. The structure of sisal cellulose was changed from cellulose I to cellulose II, accompanied with the decrease of crystallinity through XRD, FT-IR analysis. According to the result of GPC, molecular weight distribution became more uniformly and narrow. This is because intra-and inter-hydrogen bond existed in cellulose were destroyed during the dissolution process in ILs. And the regenerated cellulose possessed better properties than the former, which could broaden the application fields of natural cellulose.

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Structure of Regenerated Celluloses Treated with Ionic Liquids and Comparison of their Enzymatic Digestibility by Purified Cellulase Components

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch12342 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 1491 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Masahiro Mizuno ◽

Shuji Kachi ◽

Eiji Togawa ◽

Noriko Hayashi ◽

Kouichi Nozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Crystal Form ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Ii ◽

Cellulose I ◽

Acid Moiety ◽

Amino Acid Moiety ◽

Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Disordered Chain

In this study, regenerated celluloses were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by treatment with three ionic liquids (ILs) having 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (Emim) as the cation, and the IL N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium alanine ([N221ME][Ala]), where the amino acid moiety is the anion. The crystal form of cellulose was transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II by dissolution with an IL and regeneration with anti-solvent. However, the crystallinity of the regenerated cellulose was different; the disordered chain region was increased in the order of [N221ME][Ala] < [Emim][OAc] < [Emim][DEP] < [Emim][Cl]. The monocomponent cellulase, especially endoglucanase, showed high hydrolyzing activity for regenerated cellulose compared with untreated cellulose. Furthermore, the degree of increase of hydrolyzing activity was almost coincident with the order of crystallinity. For the effective hydrolysis of cellulose treated with an IL, it is necessary to prepare the cellulase mixture containing an adequate ratio of each cellulase component according to crystal allomorph and the crystallinity of regenerated cellulose.

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All-cellulose composites prepared by partial dissolving of cellulose fibers from musaceae leaf-sheath waste

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/00219983211006886 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002199832110068

Author(s):

Úrsula Montoya-Rojo ◽

Catalina Álvarez-López ◽

Piedad Gañán-Rojo

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cellulose Ii ◽

Cellulose I ◽

Sem Images ◽

Cellulose Composites ◽

The Matrix

Self-reinforced all-cellulose composites were produced in situ by partial dissolution in lithium chloride/N,N dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) of cellulose fibers isolated from Musaceae leaf sheaths resides. These composites show two phases, a continuous phase formed by the dissolution of fibers that transformation to cellulose II and another phase non-dissolved fibers of cellulose I, which acts as self-reinforcing as shown in SEM images. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the coexistence of cellulose I and cellulose II polymorphs. The higher Young’s modulus (4.6 GPa) and tensile strength (95 MPa) are resulting in the optimum relationship between fibers/matrix due to enough LiCl/DMAc to form the matrix and unify fibers with a good interface and optical transparency. These results are seven and twenty-one times higher than that of C0, respectively. In addition, the use of these agro-industrial waste as a raw material in the production of all-cellulose composites offers an opportunity to obtain sustainable and environmentally friendly materials as an alternative for packaging industries.

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Grafting of regenerated cellulose films with fibrous polymer and modified into phosphate and sulfate groups: Application for removal of a model azo-dye

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 614 ◽

pp. 126173

Author(s):

Gulay Bayramoglu ◽

M. Yakup Arica

Keyword(s):

Azo Dye ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Films ◽

Fibrous Polymer ◽

Regenerated Cellulose Films

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Recycling of waste cotton fabrics into regenerated cellulose films through three solvent systems: A comparison study

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.51255 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51255

Author(s):

Chufan Zhou ◽

Yixiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Cellulose Films ◽

Waste Cotton Fabrics ◽

Solvent Systems ◽

Regenerated Cellulose Films

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Testing Study on the Influence Factors to the Straw Pellet Fuel Broken Strength

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.786 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 448-453 ◽

pp. 786-790

Author(s):

Wei Gao ◽

Rong Fei Zhao ◽

Qing Yu Liu ◽

Xu Wei Bai

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Optimal Parameter ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Raw Material ◽

Single Factor ◽

Quadratic Regression ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Optimization Parameter ◽

Single Factor Experiment

This paper take link mold pellet pelletizer to carry on the pellet fuel manufacture experiment with corn straw stalk. The influence of moisture content, material size and fermentation time impact on broken strength is studied by single factor experiment. Through quadratic regression orthogonal rotating combination experiment, establish mathematics equation of the factors and the straw pellet fuel broken strength and analyze the important degree of each experimental factor impact on the granulation rate. Through the optimized computation, definite optimization parameter of the highest broken strength is that raw material moisture content is 20%, fermentation time is 4h and particle size is 2.5mm. The result of verifying experiment indicat that the optimal parameter combination and the predict data measured were consistent.

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Stable, metastable and unstable cellulose solutions

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.170487 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 170487 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marta Gubitosi ◽

Pegah Nosrati ◽

Mona Koder Hamid ◽

Stefan Kuczera ◽

Manja A. Behrens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Small Angle ◽

Supersaturated Solution ◽

Cellulose Ii ◽

Cellulose I ◽

Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide ◽

X Ray ◽

Stable Regime ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

A Minor

We have characterized the dissolution state of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, TBAH(aq), at different concentrations of TBAH, by means of turbidity and small-angle X-ray scattering. The solubility of cellulose increases with increasing TBAH concentration, which is consistent with solubilization driven by neutralization. When comparing the two polymorphs, the solubility of cellulose I is higher than that of cellulose II. This has the consequence that the dissolution of MCC (cellulose I) may create a supersaturated solution with respect to cellulose II. As for the dissolution state of cellulose, we identify three different regimes. (i) In the stable regime, corresponding to concentrations below the solubility of cellulose II, cellulose is molecularly dissolved and the solutions are thermodynamically stable. (ii) In the metastable regime, corresponding to lower supersaturations with respect to cellulose II, a minor aggregation of cellulose occurs and the solutions are kinetically stable. (iii) In the unstable regime, corresponding to larger supersaturations, there is macroscopic precipitation of cellulose II from solution. Finally, we also discuss strong alkali solvents in general and compare TBAH(aq) with the classical NaOH(aq) solvent.

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