Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Exploration.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Huschtscha ◽  
Alexander Parr ◽  
Judi Porter ◽  
Ricardo da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/performance in active older adults. Methods: Fifty-four active older adults were grouped according to age (middle aged: 50-59 years, and older age: ≥60 years), exercise volume (low: <150min/week, moderate: >150-299min/week, and high: >300min/week), protein intake (low: <0.8g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥0.8-1.19g/kgBM, and high: ≥1.2g/kgBM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual x-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a one-way ANOVA (or non-parametric equivalent) was applied to assess group differences. Results: The middle-aged group had a 13%, 17%, and 12% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older aged group (P<0.05). Participants that reported moderate and high training volumes had lower body fat mass compared to those that reported lower training volumes (26.1%, 25.1%, and 35.6%, respectively; P<0.001). Similarly, higher leg press (22% and 27%) and chest press (22% and 23%) was observed with moderate and high training volumes compared with lower. Higher protein intakes were associated with significantly less body fat mass (P=0.019), higher leg strength (P=0.038) and relative power (W/kg) (P=0.048) compared to the moderate and low protein intake groups. Significant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes expect for gait speed (P=0.611) and cardiorespiratory fitness (P=0.147).Conclusion: Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of active older adults.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: a Cross-Sectional Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Huschtscha ◽  
Alexandra Parr ◽  
Judi Porter ◽  
Ricardo J. S. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/performance in active older adults. Fifty-four active older adults were recruited from this trial and grouped according to age (middle aged: 50–59 years, and older age: ≥ 60 years), exercise volume (low: ≥ 90–149 min/week, moderate: ≥ 150–299 min/week, and high: ≥ 300 min/week), protein intake (low: < 0.8 g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥ 0.8–1.19g /kg BM, and high: ≥ 1.2 g/kg BM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a general linear model (ANCOVA) or an independent t test was used to determine between group differences. Results Fifty three of the total participants’ data were analysed. The middle-aged group had 18%, 11%, and 10% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older-aged group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between different levels of training volume and any of the outcomes. Higher protein intakes were associated with significantly less body fat mass (p = .005) and a trend towards a higher leg press (p = .053) and higher relative power (W/kg) (p = .056) compared with the moderate and low protein intake groups. Significant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes except for gait speed (p = .611) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p = .147). Conclusions Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of active older adults. The preprint version of this work is available on Research Square: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-51873/v1. Trial Registration This trial is registered in the ANZCTR.org.au, no. ACTRN12618001088235 (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375286).

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass to truncal fat mass ratio as a new index for osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome in older adults: emphasizing the role of central obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazuardhi Dwipa ◽  
Rini Widiastuti ◽  
Alif Bagus Rakhimullah ◽  
Marcellinus Maharsidi ◽  
Yuni Susanti Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Abstract Background The relationship between obesity and low bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults is still unclear. Most of the previous study did not account the factor of sarcopenia which is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass due to aging, and distribution of fat in obesity. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the correlation between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total fat mass (FM), and truncal fat mass (TrFM) as well as indexes (ASMM/FM and ASMM/TrFM ratio) with BMD in older adults.Methods This was an analytic cross-sectional study. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) were used to assess BMD and body composition, respectively. Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASMM) were used in the analysis to reflect sarcopenia, Fat Mass (FM) and Trunkal Fat Mass (TrFM) were used to reflect general and central obesity, respectively. All data were obtained from medical records of Geriatric Clinic of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Indonesia from January 2014 to December 2018. The correlation between body compositions variable with BMD were analyzed using Spearman’s test. We also conducted a comparison analysis of body composition variables between low and normal BMD using Mann-Whitney test. Results A total of 112 subjects were enrolled in the study. ASMM and TrFM were positive (rs=0.517, p<0.001) and negative (rS=-0.22, p=0.02) correlated with BMD, respectively. FM were not correlated with BMD, rS=-0.113 (p=0.234). As indexes, ASMM/FM and ASMM/TrFM had positive correlation with BMD, rS=0.277 (p<0.001), and rS=0.391 (p<0.001), respectively. The ASMM, TrFM, and ASMM/TrFM ratio between normal and low BMD also significantly different (p<0.001), meanwhile FM were not (p=0.204).Conclusion ASMM and TrFM have a positive and negative correlation with BMD, respectively. ASMM/TrFM ratio as new sarcopenia-central obesity index has a positive correlation with BMD.

P1569ADIPONECTIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINE IS SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ogawa ◽  
Toshimitsu Koga ◽  
Daisuke Fuwa ◽  
Hirofumi Tamaki ◽  
Takayuki Nanbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Total Plasma

Abstract Background and Aims Patients on hemodialysis are prone to undernutrition, malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome, and protein-energy wasting (PEW). One of the major adipocytokines adiponectin (ADPN) is involved in anti-arteriosclerotic and anti-inflammatory processes. However, ADPN is implicated in muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass in the elderly in addition to sarcopenia. At the 2019 ERA-EDTA Congress, we announced that total plasma ADPN levels in patients on hemodialysis (HD) showed a significant inverse correlation with BMI, body fat in percentage, mass and estimated skeletal muscle mass, and ADPN may be involved in sarcopenia in patients on HD. Herein, we investigated the association of ADPN level with sarcopenia in patients on HD using a method different from the one used in our previous study. We examined the relationship between total plasma ADPN level and the rate of change in estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over 5 years after the plasma ADPN measurement. Furthermore, we analyzed whether an elevated ADPN level was predictive of a subsequent decline in these parameters. Method Total plasma ADPN levels were measured using ELISA (Bio Vendor-Laboratorni Medicina a.s., Czech Republic) in 42 male patients on HD (age: 51.1 ± 9.0 years, dialysis vintage: 144.8 ± 99.2 months, BMI: 21.8 ± 3.2, dry BW: 62.0 ± 10.9 kg, dialysis time: 15.6 ± 3.1 hours/week). The estimates of skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass were made using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) within the same year when total plasma ADPN level were first measured in 2011 as well as in 2016. We then calculated the rates of change in the estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over the 5 years and correlated these parameters with the total plasma ADPN measurements. Results Conclusion Total plasma ADPN levels inversely correlate with larger rates of decrease in estimated skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content in patients on HD. This suggests that ADPN may play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content over time in patients on HD.

scholarly journals Effects of PM2.5 on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass of the Elderly in Taipei, Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsien Chen ◽  
Li-Ying Huang ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
Chih-Da Wu ◽  
Hung-Che Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Body Fat Mass

Sarcopenia—definitions and epidemiology

2017 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
José A. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Sarcopenia is a progressive and inevitable loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with ageing that places older adults at high risk for adverse health outcomes. Up to of 15% of older adults suffer negative healthcare consequences because of sarcopenia. Furthermore, it is responsible for two to four times greater risk of disability. Expert groups have proposed clinical oriented criteria based on gait speed <0.8 m/s and low handgrip strength before performing muscle mass assessment. Multiple aetiologies are implicated in the development of sarcopenia including age-related, lifestyle, neurodegeneration, hormonal, and inflammation factors. Resistance exercise training and higher than recommended protein intake are two accessible means to counteract sarcopenia. Hormonal interventions, despite amelioration in muscle and fat masses, have not led to significant gains in function. Sarcopenia shares many features with frailty and can be considered as one of its underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effects of Adolescents’ Lifestyle Habits and Body Composition on Bone Mineral Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6170
Author(s):  
ChangSook Han ◽  
HyoKyung Kim ◽  
Suhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Supplements

The incidence of osteoporosis is increasing as the population ages, as is the need to manage and prevent it. Adolescence is the period when the fastest development of bone mass takes place. Increasing adolescents’ maximum bone mass and avoiding the risk factors for its loss are effective for preventing osteoporosis. This study investigated the factors influencing adolescents’ bone mineral density (BMD). The participants were 126 middle- and high-school students from Gangwon-do; 47.6% (n = 60) were male, with an average age of 15 (range 12–18) years of age. It was found that age, carbonated beverages, snacks, and calcium supplements were variables that showed significant differences in adolescents’ BMD. Additionally, through correlation analysis, it was found that height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body water, protein, minerals, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass were correlated with BMD. Multiple regression analysis identified age, calcium supplements, BMI, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass as BMD-associated factors. These results show that adolescents’ BMD is higher with lower body fat mass, higher BMI and skeletal muscle mass, and a higher intake of calcium supplements.

scholarly journals Dietary Fibre May Mitigate Sarcopenia Risk: Findings from the NU-AGE Cohort of Older European Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Montiel-Rojas ◽  
Andreas Nilsson ◽  
Aurelia Santoro ◽  
Claudio Franceschi ◽  
Alberto Bazzocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
The Impact

Sarcopenia is characterised by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function as well as related metabolic disturbances. While fibre-rich diets can influence metabolic health outcomes, the impact on skeletal muscle mass and function is yet to be determined, and the moderating effects by physical activity (PA) need to be considered. The aim of the present study was to examine links between fibre intake, skeletal muscle mass and physical function in a cohort of older adults from the NU-AGE study. In 981 older adults (71 ± 4 years, 58% female), physical function was assessed using the short-physical performance battery test and handgrip strength. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was derived using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary fibre intake (FI) was assessed by 7-day food record and PA was objectively determined by accelerometery. General linear models accounting for covariates including PA level, protein intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were used. Women above the median FI had significantly higher SMI compared to those below, which remained in fully adjusted models (24.7 ± 0.2% vs. 24.2 ± 0.1%, p = 0.011, η2p = 0.012). In men, the same association was only evident in those without MetS (above median FI: 32.4 ± 0.3% vs. below median FI: 31.3 ± 0.3%, p = 0.005, η2p = 0.035). There was no significant impact of FI on physical function outcomes. The findings from this study suggest a beneficial impact of FI on skeletal muscle mass in older adults. Importantly, this impact is independent of adherence to guidelines for protein intake and PA, which further strengthens the potential role of dietary fibre in preventing sarcopenia. Further experimental work is warranted in order to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the action of dietary fibre on the regulation of muscle mass.

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