scholarly journals Hordatines as a Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease and RNA Polymerase: An In-Silico Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa ◽  
Mohammed ◽  
Hatem
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Binding Residues ◽  
Native Ligand

Abstract Total 40 natural compounds were selected to perform the molecular docking studies to screen and identify the potent antiviral agents specifically for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The key targets of COVID-19, protease (PDB ID: 6M0K, 6Y2F and 7BQY) and RNA polymerase (PDB ID: 7bV2) were used to dock our target compounds by Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) version 2014.09. After an extensive screening analysis, 20 compounds exhibit good binding affinities to one or more of the COVID-19 targets. 7 out of 20 compounds were predicted to overcome the activity of the 4 drug targets. The top 7 hits are compounds; Flacourticin (3), Sagerinic acid (16), Hordatine A (23), Hordatine B (24), N-feruloyl tyramine dimer (25), Bisavenanthramides B-5 (29) and Vulnibactins (40). According to our results, all these top hits was found to have a better binding scores than Remdesivir, the native ligand in RNA polymerase target (PDB ID: 7bV2). Hordatines are phenolic compounds present in barley, were found to exhibit the highest binding affinity to both protease and polymerase through forming strong hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residues, as well as significant interactions with other receptor-binding residues. These results probably provided an excellent lead candidate for the development of therapeutic drugs against COVID-19. Eventually, animal experiment and accurate clinical trials are needed to confirm the preventive potentials of these compounds.

scholarly journals Hordatines as a Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease and RNA Polymerase: An In-Silico Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Dahab ◽  
Mostafa M. Hegazy ◽  
Hatem S. Abbass
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Score Functions ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Binding Residues ◽  
Native Ligand

Abstract Total 40 natural compounds were selected to perform the molecular docking studies to screen and identify the potent antiviral agents specifically for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The key targets of COVID-19, protease (PDB ID: 7BQY) and RNA polymerase (PDB ID: 7bV2) were used to dock our target compounds by Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) version 2014.09. We used 3 different conformations of protease target (6M0K, 6Y2F and 7BQY) and two different score functions to strengthen the probability of inhibitors discovery. After an extensive screening analysis, 20 compounds exhibit good binding affinities to one or both COVID-19 targets. 7 out of 20 compounds were predicted to overcome the activity of both targets. The top 7 hits are, flacourticin (3), sagerinic acid (16), hordatine A (23), hordatine B (24), N-feruloyl tyramine dimer (25), bisavenanthramides B-5 (29) and vulnibactins (40). According to our results, all these top hits was found to have a better binding scores than remdesivir, the native ligand in RNA polymerase target (PDB ID: 7bV2). Hordatines are phenolic compounds present in barley, were found to exhibit the highest binding affinity to both protease and polymerase through forming strong hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residues, as well as significant interactions with other receptor-binding residues. These results probably provided an excellent lead candidate for the development of therapeutic drugs against COVID-19. Eventually, animal experiment and accurate clinical trials are needed to confirm the preventive potentials of these compounds. Graphic Abstract

Docking Studies of Usnic Acid and Sodium Usnate on SARS CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike Protein RBD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roopa Guthappa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Mouth Wash

<p><b>SARS CoV-2 a pandemic influenza like infectious disease emerged in December 2019 has spread throughout the world within few months. Scientists are trying their best to find medicine and vaccine. Usnic acid and its derivatives as herbal supplements are widely used as mouth wash, cosmetics, antiviral agents. In this study, usnic acid and its derivative-sodium usnate in comparison with favipiravir are docked with main protease and spike protein RBD </b><b>6M0J of SARS Cov-2. Usnic acid and sodium usnate exhibit better binding affinities for main protease and spike RBD. The data has been compared with favipiravir. Favipiravir, usnic acid, sodium usnate shows binding affinity of -4.25, -8.05 and -8.55 kcal/mol respectively with main protease. While favipiravir, usnic acid and sodium usnate exhibit binding affinities of -4.25, -6.02 and -6.53 kcal/mol with spike RBD respectively. One of the interesting features is that the inhibition constant values of usnic acid is 1.27 µM and sodium usnate is 539.86 nM in comparison to favipiravir (764.13 µM) with main protease. </b></p>

scholarly journals Docking Studies of Usnic Acid and Sodium Usnate on SARS CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike Protein RBD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roopa Guthappa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Mouth Wash

<p><b>SARS CoV-2 a pandemic influenza like infectious disease emerged in December 2019 has spread throughout the world within few months. Scientists are trying their best to find medicine and vaccine. Usnic acid and its derivatives as herbal supplements are widely used as mouth wash, cosmetics, antiviral agents. In this study, usnic acid and its derivative-sodium usnate in comparison with favipiravir are docked with main protease and spike protein RBD </b><b>6M0J of SARS Cov-2. Usnic acid and sodium usnate exhibit better binding affinities for main protease and spike RBD. The data has been compared with favipiravir. Favipiravir, usnic acid, sodium usnate shows binding affinity of -4.25, -8.05 and -8.55 kcal/mol respectively with main protease. While favipiravir, usnic acid and sodium usnate exhibit binding affinities of -4.25, -6.02 and -6.53 kcal/mol with spike RBD respectively. One of the interesting features is that the inhibition constant values of usnic acid is 1.27 µM and sodium usnate is 539.86 nM in comparison to favipiravir (764.13 µM) with main protease. </b></p>

Recent Advances towards Drug Design Targeting the Protease of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehrish Bano ◽  
Abdul Hameed ◽  
Mariya Al-Rashida ◽  
Shafia Iftikhar ◽  
Jamshed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) acute respiratory syndrome has recently emerged and continued to spread rapidly with high level of mortality and morbidity rates. Currently, no efficacious therapy is available to relieve coronavirus infections. As new drug design and development takes much time, there is a possibility to find an effective treatment from existing antiviral agents. Objective: In this case, there is a need to find out the relationship between possible drug targets and mechanism of action of antiviral drugs. This review discusses about the efforts to develop drug from known or new molecules. Methods: Viruses usually have two structural integrities, proteins and nucleic acids, both of which can be possible drug targets. Herein, we systemically discuss the structural-functional relationships of the spike, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain like protease (PLpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), as these are prominent structural features of corona virus. Certain antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir are RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. It has the ability to terminate RNA replication by inhibiting ATP. Results: It is reported that ATP is involved in synthesis of coronavirus non-structural proteins from 3CLpro and PLpro. Similarly, mechanisms of action of many other antiviral agents has been discussed in this review. It will provide new insights into the mechanism of inhibition, and let us develop new therapeutic antiviral approaches against novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Conclusion: In conclusion, this review summarizes recent progress in developing protease inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals A Potential Peptide From Soy Cheese Produced Using Lactobacillus delbrueckii WS4 for Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and S1 Glycoprotein

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rounak Chourasia ◽  
Srichandan Padhi ◽  
Loreni Chiring Phukon ◽  
Md Minhajul Abedin ◽  
Sudhir P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Cheese Peptides ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an unprecedented loss of lives and economy around the world. In this study, search for potential inhibitors against two of the best characterized SARS-CoV-2 drug targets: S1 glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and main protease (3CLPro), was carried out using the soy cheese peptides. A total of 1,420 peptides identified from the cheese peptidome produced using Lactobacillus delbrueckii WS4 were screened for antiviral activity by employing the web tools, AVPpred, and meta-iAVP. Molecular docking studies of the selected peptides revealed one potential peptide “KFVPKQPNMIL” that demonstrated strong affinity toward significant amino acid residues responsible for the host cell entry (RBD) and multiplication (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. The peptide was also assessed for its ability to interact with the critical residues of S1 RBD and 3CLpro of other β-coronaviruses. High binding affinity was observed toward critical amino acids of both the targeted proteins in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-HKU1. The binding energy of KFVPKQPNMIL against RBD and 3CLpro of the four viruses ranged from −8.45 to −26.8 kcal/mol and −15.22 to −22.85 kcal/mol, respectively. The findings conclude that cheese, produced by using Lb. delbrueckii WS4, could be explored as a prophylactic food for SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. In addition, the multi-target inhibitor peptide, which effectively inhibited both the viral proteins, could further be used as a terminus a quo for the in vitro and in vivo function against SARS-CoV-2.

Screening of Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam against COVID-19 through Targeting of Main Protease and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Docking Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-331
Author(s):  
K. Gopalasatheeskumar ◽  
Karthikeyen Lakshmanan ◽  
Anguraj Moulishankar ◽  
Jerad Suresh ◽  
D. Kumuthaveni Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Molecular Docking Studies ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 is the infectious pandemic disease caused by the novel coronavirus. The COVID-19 is spread globally in a short span of time. The Ministry of AYUSH, India which promotes Siddha and other Indian system of medicine recommends the use of formulation like Nilavembu Kudineer and Kaba Sura Kudineer Chooranam (KSKC). The present work seeks to provide the evidence for the action of 74 different constituents of the KSKC formulation acting on two critical targets. That is main protease and SARS-CoV-2 RNAdependent RNA polymerase target through molecular docking studies. The molecular docking was done by using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 of the 74 compounds, about 50 compounds yielded docking results against COVID-19 main protease while 42 compounds yielded against SARSCoV- 2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This research has concluded that the KSKC has the lead molecules that inhibits COVID-19’s target of main protease of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BIOFLAVONOIDS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF COVID-19 MAIN PROTEASE

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
SHAILENDRA SANJAY SURYAWANSHI ◽  
POOJA BHAVAKANA JAYANNACHE ◽  
RAJKUMAR SANJAY PATIL ◽  
PALLED MS ◽  
ALEGAON SG
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Molecular Docking Studies ◽  
Discovery Studio ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Binding Energy Calculations ◽  
Native Ligand

Objectives: The objective of the study was to screen and assess the selected bioactive bioflavonoids in medicinal plants as potential coronaviruses (CoV) main protease (Mpro) inhibitors using molecular docking studies. Methods: We have investigated several bioflavonoids which include apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin. Nelfinavir and lopinavir were used as standard antiviral drugs for comparison. Mpro was docked with selected compounds using PyRx 0.8 and docking was analyzed by PyRx 0.8 and Biovia Discovery Studio 2019. Results: The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand, nelfinavir, lopinavir, apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin were found to be −7.4, −8.3, −8.0, −7.8, −7.3, −7, −7.4, −7.6, −7.8, −6.9, and −9 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: From the binding energy calculations, we can conclude that nelfinavir and lopinavir may represent potential treatment options and apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin found to possess the best inhibitors of CoV disease-19 main protease.

scholarly journals Current Trends in SPR Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitors

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Elba Mauriz ◽  
Laura M. Lechuga
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Entry Inhibitors ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Repurposed Drugs

The emerging risk of viral diseases has triggered the search for preventive and therapeutic agents. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, greater efforts have been devoted to investigating virus entry mechanisms into host cells. The feasibility of plasmonic sensing technologies for screening interactions of small molecules in real time, while providing the pharmacokinetic drug profiling of potential antiviral compounds, offers an advantageous approach over other biophysical methods. This review summarizes recent advancements in the drug discovery process of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inhibitors using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors. A variety of SPR assay formats are discussed according to the binding kinetics and drug efficacies of both natural products and repurposed drugs. Special attention has been given to the targeting of antiviral agents that block the receptor binding domain of the spike protein (RBD-S) and the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. The functionality of plasmonic biosensors for high-throughput screening of entry virus inhibitors was also reviewed taking into account experimental parameters (binding affinities, selectivity, stability), potential limitations and future applications.

Docking studies of tetra substituted pyrazolone derivatives as potential antiviral agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Jyothi Achuthanandhan ◽  
Baskar Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Adme Prediction ◽  
Pyrazolone Derivatives

In an attempt to find potential antiviral agents, a series of pyrazolones (PA1-PA6& PC1-PC6) were designed and evaluated for their  DENVNS5 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies of all the designed compounds into the binding site of DENVNS5 (PDB Code: 4C11) were performed to gain a comprehensive understanding into rational binding modes. These compounds were also screened for in silico drug-likeliness properties on the basis of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) prediction. Among all the synthesized compounds, analogue  PA6showed superior inhibitory activity against RNA dependent RNA polymerase. SAR  study indicated that the presence of an electron withdrawing substitution on pyrazolone derivatives significantly improves its binding interaction with the protein.Results of ADME prediction revealed that most of these compounds showed in silico drug-likeliness.

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