Pain during a marathon run: Prevalence and correlates in a cross-sectional study of 1251 runners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Location ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experience Pain

Abstract Background Science-based information about pain during a marathon run is scant. Based on related research it was hypothesized that: (i) most marathon runners would report moderate intensity pain, (ii) pain during the marathon would be associated with pain experienced while training as well as overall perceived exercise intensity, and (iii) females would experience pain earlier during the marathon and rate the pain intensity as higher after adjusting for expected sex-related differences in effort.Methods 1,251 runners, 550 females, ran in 252 different marathons and completed an online survey. Mile at which pain first occurred indicated pain threshold. Pain intensity was measured with a widely used 0–10 numerical graphical scale. Pearson and partial correlations examined the strength of associations. Sex-related differences in pain were tested using independent t-tests and, for the pain location data, z-scores for tests of two proportions. Effort ratings were added as a covariate in an ANCOVA to test if effort accounted for possible sex-related differences in pain.Results Most runners (99.8%) reported pain during a marathon, and most frequently in the thigh (17.1%), hamstring (10%) and calf (9.3%) body locations. The mean pain threshold occurred at 15.7 ± 6.1 miles; the mean overall pain intensity was 5.26 ± 2.45. No sex-related pain differences were found. Overall pain intensity during a marathon was significantly associated with: pain intensity of training runs (r = .39), percentage of training days with run-induced pain (r = .23), highest intensity pain ever experienced (r = .23), number of prior marathons (r = − .18) and intensity of effort (r = .11) (all P < 0.001).Conclusions Most runners experience moderate to very strong intensity pain during a marathon; the pain is independent of biological sex, and the pain is associated with marathon race experience, pain during training, race effort and the highest intensity of pain ever experienced.

scholarly journals Pain During a Marathon Run: Prevalence and Correlates in a Cross-Sectional Study of 1,251 Recreational Runners in 251 Marathons

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Experience Pain

This cross-sectional study aimed to obtain fundamental knowledge about pain during a marathon run. During the first seven months of 2007, announcements on websites of interest to marathon runners were used to recruit participants. A total of 1,251 runners (550 female runners) completed a 41-question online survey about the location and intensity of their primary pain during their last marathon and potentially related variables [perception of effort during the marathon, number of prior marathons run, typical pain intensity during training runs, percentage of training days with run-induced pain, highest intensity pain ever experienced]. Pain location was selected from a list of 27 specified body sites covering the entire body. Kilometer at which pain first occurred indexed pain threshold. Pain intensity at the primary location of pain was measured with a standardized, well-validated 0–10 pain intensity scale. Pearson correlations and multiple regression quantified the associations between average pain intensity and other variables. Sex-related differences in pain were tested using independent t-tests. Effort ratings (6–20) were added as a covariate in an ANCOVA to test if perceived effort accounted for possible sex-related differences in pain. Based on the available research, it was hypothesized that: (i) most runners would report moderate intensity pain, (ii) pain would be associated with both exercise intensity during the marathon and pain during training, and (iii) after adjusting for expected sex-related differences in perceived effort, females would experience pain earlier and rate the pain intensity as higher. All but two runners (99.8%) reported pain during a marathon, and most frequently in the anterior/medial thigh (17.1%), hamstring (10%), and calf (9.3%) locations. Pain threshold occurred at 25.3 ± 9.8 km (15.7 ± 6.1 miles) and the overall pain intensity of the run was 5.26 ± 2.45. No sex-related pain differences were found. Overall pain intensity during a marathon was significantly associated with: pain intensity during training runs (r = 0.39), percentage of training days with run-induced pain (r = 0.23), highest intensity pain ever experienced (r = 0.23), number of prior marathons (r = −0.18), and intensity of effort (r = 0.11) (all P &lt; 0.001). Most runners experience moderate to very strong intensity pain during a marathon; the pain was independent of biological sex, and the pain is weakly associated with marathon race experience, pain during training, race effort, and the highest intensity of pain ever experienced.

scholarly journals Episodic Cancer Pain: Patient Reporting, Prevalence, and Clinicodemographic Associations at Initial Cancer Pain Clinic Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Paulo Reis-Pina ◽  
Anand Acharya ◽  
Antonio Barbosa ◽  
Peter G. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Location ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Average Pain

Background. Better understanding of the episodic cancer pain (CP) spectrum, including pains that occur in addition to its conventionally defined breakthrough CP (BTcP) and incident CP (IcP) components, may inform CP assessment and management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of episodic patient-reported CP and the prevalence and associations of study-defined BTcP (S-BTcP) and IcP (S-IcP) in patients with CP. Methods. In a cross-sectional study at their first CP clinic attendance, participants with CP had the following assessments: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); Pain Management Index (PMI), with PMI-negative status indicating undertreatment; standardized neuropathic pain component (NPC) status; S-BTcP (no trigger identified) and S-IcP (trigger identified) status, based on a preceding 7-day history of transitory pain flares distinct from background pain, and BPI-Worst or BPI-Now pain intensity ≥ 4. Clinicodemographic variables’ association with S-BTcP and S-IcP was examined in logistic regression analyses. Results. Of 371 participants, 308 (83%) had episodic CP by history alone; 140 (37.7%) and 181 (48.8%) had S-BTcP and S-IcP, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated significant (p<0.05) associations (odds ratios: 95% CIs) for 6 variables with S-BTcP: head and neck pain location (2.53; 1.20–5.37), NPC (2.39; 1.34–4.26), BPI average pain (1.64; 1.36–1.99), abdominal pain (0.324; 0.120–0.873), S-IcP (0.207; 0.116–0.369), and PMI-negative status (0.443; 0.213–0.918). Similar independent associations (p<0.05) occurred for S-IcP with NPC, BPI average pain, and PMI-negative status, in addition to radiotherapy, S-BTcP, soft tissue pain, and sleep interference. Conclusions. Episodic or transient patient-reported CP flares often do not meet the more conventional criteria that define BTcP and IcP, the principal episodic CP types. Both BTcP and IcP occur frequently and both are associated with a NPC, higher pain intensity, and less opioid underuse in the management of CP. Further studies are warranted to both better understand the complex presentations of episodic CP and inform its classification.

Awareness, views, perceptions, and beliefs of Pharmacy Interns regarding digital health: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUD Alsahali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training ◽  
Very High ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND : Digital health technologies and applications are rapidly advancing and have gained attention in recent years. It is expected to have more roles and functions to transform the healthcare system in this era of digital consumers and services. However, limited research is available regarding delivering digital health education and training in pharmacy education and the pharmacy students’ perspectives on digital health. OBJECTIVE To assess pharmacy interns’ awareness of digital health applications in Saudi Arabia and their views regarding the coverage of digital health in the education of pharmacists. We will also assess the interns’ perceptions and beliefs about the concepts, benefits, and implementation of digital health in the practice settings METHODS A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted among pharmacy interns at Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. An invitation with the link to the online survey was sent to all interns registered at the College during the period of January to March 2021 RESULTS A total of 68 out of 77 interns registered in the internship year participated in the study, giving a response rate of 88.31%. The mean total score for pharmacy interns’ awareness of digital health applications in Saudi Arabia was 5.66 ± 1.74 (the maximum attainable score = 7). The awareness with different applications ranged from 97% for the Tawakkalna app to 64.7% for the Ministry of Health 937 call center. The mean total score for attitude and beliefs toward concepts and benefits of telehealth and telemedicine applications was 58.25 ± 10.44 (Maximum attainable score = 75). In this regard, 83.8% of the interns believed that telehealth could enhance the quality of care, 72% believed that it could enable pharmacists to accomplish tasks more quickly, and 70.6% believed that it could help effectively provide patient counseling, and 69.1% believed it could improve patients’ adherence to therapy. In this study, 40.6% believed that the current coverage of telehealth and telemedicine in the curriculum was average, while only 17.6% believed it was high/very high coverage. Moreover, only 38.2% attended additional educational activities related to digital health. Consequently, the majority (63.2%) were of the opinion that there is a high/very high need to educate and train pharmacists in the field of digital health CONCLUSIONS Overall, the interns showed good awareness of the common digital health applications in Saudi Arabia. In addition, majority of the interns had positive perceptions and beliefs towards the concepts, benefits, and implementation of digital health. However, the findings showed there is still further scope for improvement in some areas. Moreover, most interns indicated that there is a need for more education and training in the field of digital health and pharmacy informatics. Consequently, early exposure to content related to digital health and pharmacy informatics is an important step to help in the wide use and application of these technologies in the graduates’ future careers and practice CLINICALTRIAL Ethical approval was obtained from Health Research Ethics Committee at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia (reference number 20-06-12).

scholarly journals Determinants of Pain Intensity in Physical Education Teachers Focusing on Dance Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2193
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Wanke ◽  
Jasmin Haenel ◽  
Thomas Schoettker-Koeniger ◽  
David A. Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dance Teachers ◽  
Body Regions

(1) Background: Dance teachers (DT) are dependent on their functional body. Pain can hardly be avoided during the professional practice of dance. Pain can become so intense that it impairs, or even prevents, the professional practice. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of pain intensity of the most severely affected body regions of DT in pain during the three-month period prior to the survey. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by an online survey. A total of 166 DT participated in the study; 143 of the DT were in pain during the three-month period and were included in the analysis. Using multiple linear regression, the determinants of pain intensity were identified from population parameters, occupational data, pain localisation, and temporal pain course. (3) Results: Regions of the lower extremity and head/trunk regions were most frequently indicated as the body regions with the most severe pain. The multiple regression model generated with the factors “functional impairment”, “biomechanical exposure”, and “pain at rest” explains a statistically significant, moderate proportion of the variance in pain intensity (R2 = 0.22, F (3, 106) = 10.04, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Intensity of pain in DT seems to be related to the physical demands of professional practice.

scholarly journals Exploratory Factor Analysis of Young’s Internet Addiction Test Among Professionals from India: An Online Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762093224
Author(s):  
Mamidipalli Sai Spoorthy ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sai Krishna Tikka ◽  
Suchandra Hari Hara
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background: Internet use has spread across the world due to easy accessibility and affordability. However, it has been creating many problems at several levels. So, there is a need to identify the suitability of psychometric properties and the factor structure of the widely used Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in the Indian settings. Our objective was to perform an exploratory factor analysis on the IAT and to test the reliability of the scale. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that included various professional groups. We used an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic details and Young’s IAT. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the factor structure of Young’s IAT in the Indian setup. Results: The mean age of the sample (N = 1,782) was 27.7 years (SD = 8.74) with a predominantly male population 1040 (58.4%). In total, 1.0% (17) of the sample had significant problems with internet usage, whereas 13% (232) were in the range of frequent/occasional problems, and the mean score on IAT was 32 (SD = 16.42). Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors that explained 49% of the variance (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy: 0.95, Bartlett’s test of sphericity: P = 0.000). They were “mood and relationship issues” and “duration and productivity.” Cronbach’s α was 0.92, which indicates a high level of internal consistency. Conclusion: In Indian settings, IAT can be understood based on the two-factor structure. The scale has excellent reliability. Further studies are needed to replicate these results, by using confirmatory factor analysis and validity testing.

scholarly journals Eating habits and mental health among rugby players of the Peruvian pre-selection during the second quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110437
Author(s):  
Diego M Davila-Torres ◽  
Gabriela E Vilcas-Solís ◽  
Mery Rodríguez-Vásquez ◽  
Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla ◽  
Jacksaint Saintila
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Inadequate Food Intake

Objectives: Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the mental health and diet of populations. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the eating habits and mental health status of the rugby players of the Peruvian pre-selection were affected by the second quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through a pre-structured online survey in 74 players, 42 men (56.8%) and 32 women (43.2%). The mean age was 20.5 ± 4.4 years. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: 58.1% of the respondents reported that their dietary intake remained the same or increased. 58.3% of the players experienced anxiety, among which 26.4% reported moderate and severe symptoms. A greater proportion of participants <20 years old reported depression compared to those ⩾20 years (68.6% vs 31.4%, p = 0.010). Those who reported inadequate food intake were more likely to report depressive symptoms ( p = 0.006). Conclusion: These findings reaffirm the need to implement programs of psychological support and nutritional counseling among athletes to reduce negative symptoms and better face mental health and dietary challenges in these times of crisis.

scholarly journals Effect of the COVID-19 Outbreak and Lockdown on Mental Health Among Post-Secondary Students in the Grand Est Region of France: Results of the PIMS-Cov19 Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Baumann ◽  
Hélène Rousseau ◽  
Cyril Tarquinio ◽  
Martine Batt ◽  
Pascale Tarquinio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Secondary Students

Abstract Background. The COVID-19 epidemic has sent billions of students into lockdown in the world. This study sought to assess the prevalence of impaired self-perceived mental health and identify associated factors among French post-secondary students during the lockdown.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among French students living in the Grand Est area in France from May 7 to 17, 2020 during the first lockdown. An online survey was used to collect sociodemographic data, learning and teaching conditions, living conditions, and exposure to COVID-19, and self-perceived mental health was assessed with mental composite score (MCS) of the SF-12. Results. Overall, 4,018 were analyzed. Most participants were female (70.7%), and the mean age was 21.7 years (SD 4.0). The mean MCS score was 44.5 (SD 17.3). Impaired mental health, defined by a MCS<1rst Quartile, was mainly associated with female sex; decreased time for learning; not having access to the outside with a garden, a terrace or a balcony; difficulties with the living situation and having someone in the home affected by the SARS-COV2 requiring hospitalization or not. Conclusion. This study showed that living conditions during lockdown had a clear impact on the mental health of French post-secondary students. There is a need to improve prevention and to access distance education as well as an urgent need for measures to develop healthy coping strategies for students. This is a major challenge to prevent these disorders from developing into true psychiatric illnesses.

scholarly journals Symptoms in different severity degrees of bruxism: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinthia Santos Miotto Amorim ◽  
Glauco Fioranelli Vieira ◽  
Eliete Ferreira Osses Firsoff ◽  
Jecilene Rosana Costa Frutuoso ◽  
Elizabeth Puliti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate symptoms of the muscle pain, sleep quality, oral health, anxiety, stress and depression in individuals with different severity degrees of bruxism. Methods: Seventy-two individuals with bruxism were enrolled in the study, classified into: moderate (n=25) and severe (n=47) bruxism. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogical Scale, pain threshold with algometer, sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, oral health by the Oral Health Impact Profile, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, stress by the Perceived Stress Scale and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory. The significance level considered was 5%. Results: The results showed that individuals with severe bruxism presented greater muscle pain intensity, sleep disorder, worse oral health, high anxiety level and dysphoria with statistically significant differences (p<0.05) than individuals with moderate bruxism, except in pain threshold and stress (p<0.05). Conclusion: Data suggest that individuals with severe bruxism have more intense symptoms. They present greater muscle pain, alterations in sleep quality and oral health, anxiety and depression than individuals with moderate bruxism. However, both present similarity in stress.

scholarly journals Actual and Perceived Level of Scientific English across Italian Physiotherapy Courses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Raffaele Cutolo ◽  
Simone Battista ◽  
Marco Testa
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Strategies

The knowledge of the English language is fundamental for the application of evidence-based practice. Hence, this study explores, through an online survey, the (1) perceived and (2) actual level of Scientific English among Italian undergraduate (UGs) and postgraduate (PGs) physiotherapists. As for (1), the participants expressed their agreement with 10 statements regarding the attitude towards Scientific English through a 1–4 Likert-type scale, with consensus set at ≥70%. As for (2), an ad-hoc 10-point questionnaire was developed through a Delphi procedure, with a pass score set at ≥60%. The survey was completed by 421 participants (UG: 47%; PG: 53%). As for (1), consensus was achieved in both groups in 4 out of 10 statements, specifically the ones addressing the capability to fully understand a scientific paper and physiotherapy-specific language in English. As for (2), the mean score reached by both groups was below 60%. The participants who had studied or were studying at a university in southern Italy presented 2.56 [1.54; 4.24] times higher odds to fail the test. New strategies to bridge the gap in the knowledge of Scientific English in Italy should be developed, through the creation of a unique syllabus tailored to the needs of future physiotherapists.

scholarly journals Effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown on mental health among post-secondary students in the Grand Est region of France: results of the PIMS-CoV19 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Baumann ◽  
Hélène Rousseau ◽  
Cyril Tarquinio ◽  
Martine Batt ◽  
Pascale Tarquinio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Secondary Students

Abstract Background The COVID-19 epidemic has sent students around the world in to lockdown. This study sought to assess the prevalence of impaired self-perceived mental health and identify associated factors among French post-secondary students during the lockdown. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among French students living in the Grand Est area in France from May 7 to 17, 2020 during the first lockdown. An online survey was used to collect sociodemographic data, learning and teaching conditions, living conditions, and exposure to COVID-19, and self-perceived mental health was assessed with mental composite score (MCS) of the SF-12. Results Overall, 4018 were analyzed. Most participants were female (70.7%), and the mean age was 21.7 years (SD 4.0). The mean MCS score was 44.5 (SD 17.3). Impaired mental health, defined by a MCS < 1st Quartile, was mainly associated with female sex; decreased time for learning; not having access to the outside with a garden, a terrace or a balcony; difficulties with the living situation and having someone in the home affected by the SARS-COV2 requiring hospitalization or not. Conclusions This study showed that living conditions during lockdown had a clear impact on the mental health of French post-secondary students. There is a need to improve prevention and to access distance education as well as an urgent need for measures to develop healthy coping strategies for students. This is significant challenge and will assist in moderating the risk for the development of further distress and mental health concerns.

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