scholarly journals Pregnancy-Related Ecological Shifts of Salivary Microbiota and its Association with Salivary Sex Hormones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Niu ◽  
Ting Dong ◽  
Wenxin Jiang ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Keyong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Salivary Microbiota ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ecological Shifts ◽  
16S Rdna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background: The interactions between hosts, oral microbiomes and microenvironments have been the subject of much research in recent years. Yet, whether the alterations in the host impact the oral microbiome is not understood well. The fluctuation of sex hormone levels during pregnancy is a dramatic change in the host, and is closely related to pregnancy-associated gingivitis. In this study, salivary estradiol and progesterone level were measured at three trimesters of pregnancy and after delivery (t1: ≤ 14weeks；t2: 20–25 weeks；t3: 33–37 weeks; t4: 42 days after delivery) from 11 pregnant and 7 non-pregnant volunteers, and their salivary microbiome were collected and profiled by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results: The diversity of the salivary microbiome increased significantly in t3, compared to the t1 (P<0.05), and a close parallel to the shift is found in the elevation of salivary sex hormones. Addionally, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Peptoniphilus sp.oral taxon 386, Prevotella baroniae, Simonsiella muelleri and Lactobacillus reuteri were correlated to the fluctuation of sex hormone levels. Conclusions: The diversity of the salivary microbiome in pregnant women was elevated with the gestation weeks, which was found parallel to the changes in estradiol and progesterone levels in saliva. Rather than highly abundant bacteria, the low abundant bacteria were more vulnerable to the host impact.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Depression and Sex Hormones among Patients Receiving Long-Term Opioid Treatment for Chronic Noncancer Pain in Taiwan—A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7837
Author(s):  
Shung-Tai Ho ◽  
Tso-Chou Lin ◽  
Chun-Chang Yeh ◽  
Kuang-I Cheng ◽  
Wei-Zen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Depression Diagnosis ◽  
Opioid Treatment ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Noncancer Pain

Background: Long-term use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain is associated with sex hormone disturbances. The interferences with sex hormones, sexual function, and depression were investigated in patients with chronic noncancer pain. Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter survey was conducted on 170 officially registered outpatients receiving long-term opioid treatment in nine medical centers in Taiwan between October 2018 and July 2019. Serum sex hormone levels were examined after the collection of self-administered questionnaires containing the Taiwanese version of the Brief Pain Inventory, depressive status, and sexual function interference. Results: Among 117 (68.8%) questionnaire responses from 170 enrolled outpatients, 38 women and 62 men completed the sex hormone tests, among whom only 23 (23%) had previously received blood hormone tests. Low serum total testosterone levels were detected in 34 (89.5%) women (<30 ng/dL) and 31 (50%) men (<300 ng/dL). Over 60% of women and men reported reduced sexual desire and function despite a nearly 50% reduction in pain intensity and daily function interference over the previous week after opioid treatment. Women generally had higher risks of a depression diagnosis (p = 0.034) and severe depressive symptoms (p = 0.003) and nonsignificantly lower opioid treatment duration (median 81 vs. 120 months) and morphine milligram equivalent (median 134 vs. 165 mg/day) compared with men. Conclusions: This survey demonstrated the high prevalence of depression diagnosis, low sex hormone levels, and reduced sexual function among Taiwanese patients with chronic noncancer pain receiving prolonged opioid therapy. Regular hypogonadal screenings are recommended for further management.

scholarly journals Sex hormone levels in females of different ages suffering from depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Lei ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Jiawen Liao ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Linlin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract Background There are only a few studies on sex hormones in females of different ages suffering from depression, and their conclusions are not uniform until now. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of depression in females and factors such as sex hormones and differences in sex hormone levels in females of different ages, exploring variations after treatment. Methods A total of 169 females with depression were selected and divided into the first-episode (91 cases) and recurrent (78 cases) groups. Then, on the basis of their age, the first-episode patients were divided into the young (48 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (20 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (23 cases, age > 55 years); the patients with recurrent depression were classified into the young (37 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (19 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (22 cases, age > 55 years). The patients were assessed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases of mental and behavioral disorders. The serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the patients were measured, and differences in sex hormone levels of the groups were analyzed. Results The estradiol level was negatively correlated with age and the prolactin level was positively correlated with occupation. The severity of depression in females was found to be negatively correlated with age. The serum progesterone and estradiol levels in the young group were significantly higher than those in the elderly group, regardless of the first episode or recurrence. Estradiol levels in the perimenopausal and elderly groups with first-episode depression were significantly higher than those in the same group with recurrent depression. However, there was no significant difference in the serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the recurrent group before and after treatment. Conclusions Sex hormone levels, especially estradiol, varied among females of different ages suffering from depression. Recurrent depression also has a certain effect on sex hormone levels in females. Not only should the age and relapse be considered when studying the sex hormone levels of females with depression, but also attention should be paid to whether the patients have used antidepressants before their sexual hormonal testing.

scholarly journals Sex, diabetes and the kidney

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. F680-F688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Maric
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Diabetic Renal Disease ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Male Sex

The incidence and the rate of progression of nondiabetic renal disease is generally greater in men compared with age-matched women, suggesting that the female sex is protective and/or that the male sex is a risk factor for the development and progression of nondiabetic renal disease. In diabetes, even though the male sex still appears to be a risk factor, this relationship is not as strong as it is in nondiabetic renal disease. Experimental evidence suggests that both estrogens and androgens play an important role in the pathophysiology of renal disease. Thus one of the potential mechanisms for the absence of a clear sex difference in the setting of diabetes may be alterations in sex hormone levels. Indeed, studies suggest that diabetes is a state of an imbalance in sex hormone levels; however, whether these changes correlate with the decline in renal function associated with diabetes is unclear. Furthermore, diabetic renal disease rarely develops before puberty, and the onset of puberty accelerates microalbuminuria, supporting the idea of the involvement of sex hormones in the development and progression of the disease. However, other than a handful of experimental studies indicating that treatment with or removal of sex hormones alters the course of diabetic renal disease, very few studies have actually directly examined the correlation between sex hormones and the disease development and progression. Further studies are necessary to determine the precise contribution of sex hormones in the pathophysiology of diabetic renal disease to develop novel and potentially sex-specific therapeutic treatments.

Serum sex hormones in men occupationally exposed to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro ethane (DDT) as young adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cocco ◽  
A Loviselli ◽  
D Fadda ◽  
A Ibba ◽  
M Melis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Serum Hormone

To explore endocrine effects in relation to para,para'-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro ethylene (p,p'-DDE) body burden and past occupational exposure to its precursor dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro ethane (DDT), we assayed serum sex hormones, including serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and p,p'-DDE levels in 107 male participants in a 1946-1950 anti-malarial campaign in Sardinia, Italy. Cumulative DDT exposure during the anti-malarial operations was retrospectively estimated from detailed reports of the anti-malarial agency. Ortho,para-DDE, and its precursor ortho,para-DDT were always below the detection limit. p,p'-DDT was detected in 14/107 subjects, and p,p'-DDE in 106/107 subjects. The median lipid-adjusted p,p'-DDE serum concentration over the total study population was 396 parts per billion (interquartile range 157-1045), and it did not vary according to the job at the time of anti-malarial operations, nor was it affected by cumulative DDT exposure. LH, FSH, and SHBG, but not testosterone or E2, showed a significant positive correlation with age. Neither current serum p,p'-DDE nor past cumulative DDT exposure affected sex hormone concentrations. Our results suggest that (1) the low current p,p'-DDE serum concentration does not affect serum hormone levels, and (2) past cumulative DDT exposure is not correlated with the current p,p'-DDE serum level, nor does it show persistent effects on serum hormone levels.

Abstract WP171: Female Sex Hormones and Post Acute Stroke Outcome

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ashley ◽  
Charan Singh ◽  
Grace S Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Disability Rating Scale ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: The protective effects of estrogen are widely known following brain injury and waning female sex hormones such as estrogen and prolactin with age are associated with decline in cognitive performance. In this study, we focus on the relationship between female sex hormones and outcome following stroke, specifically how these hormones affect level of disability and responsiveness to rehabilitation following stroke. Methods: Sex hormone levels were evaluated in 54 female stroke survivors with a mean latency of 98.8 days (SEM ± 23.06). Age differences in hormone levels and disability were evaluated according to younger (Y; M=39.3, SEM ± 1.5) and older (O; M=58.4, SEM ± 1.2) age categories. Functional ability was assessed with the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), Independent Living Scale (ILS) and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory 4 (MPAI). All patients underwent post acute rehabilitation. Results: The Y group had higher levels of estradiol (p<0.05) and prolactin (p<0.05) compared to the O group. Correspondingly, follicle stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) were higher in the O group (p<0.05). The Y group had lower disability according DRS, ILS activities of daily living (ADL) subscale and MPAII (p<0.05). High levels of prolactin were correlated with better performance in ADL’s (p<0.005). Estradiol correlated with lower disability as measured by MPAI (p<0.005). High values of FSH were associated with lower initiation as assessed by a subscale of the ILS. Analysis of changes in outcome measures before and after rehabilitation showed that both groups benefited equally. Conclusions: Hormones are predictive of levels of disability and independence in ADL’s. Sex hormone levels in post-stroke patients should be considered for prognostication. In spite of hormonal differences both groups benefit from rehabilitation.

Abstract P054: Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels and Endothelial Function Among Men and Post-Menopausal Women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Mathews ◽  
Vinita Subramanya ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Pamela Ouyang ◽  
Dhanajay Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Sex is a major determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endogenous sex hormones exert a variety of effects on the vascular endothelium, and changes in sex hormone levels after menopause may play a role in CVD risk in women. We hypothesized that a more androgenic sex hormone profile among post-menopausal women, but not among men, would be associated with reduced blood flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a marker of worse endothelial function. Methods: We examined 1396 post-menopausal women and 1707 men participating in MESA, who were free of clinical CVD at baseline. Sex hormone levels [total testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2)] were measured at Exam 1 (2000-02); free T and T/E2 ratio were calculated. FMD was measured by high-resolution ultrasound. Using multivariable adjusted Poisson and linear regression methods, we tested the cross-sectional associations of sex hormones (log transformed) with FMD. Results: The mean age of men and women was 61 and 64 years, respectively. Of women, 34% were using hormone therapy (HT). Among women, after adjusting for demographics, CVD risk factors, and HT use, higher SHBG was associated with higher FMD, whereas higher free T was associated with lower FMD (Table, Model 2). In women, when examining the “best FMD response” (top decile vs. bottom 9 deciles), higher E2 was positively associated with a prevalent best response, whereas higher free T was inversely associated. Among men, a higher T/E2 ratio was marginally associated with lower FMD. Conclusion: The association between sex hormones and FMD differs in men and women. Higher E2 and SHBG and lower free T levels were associated with better FMD in post-menopausal women but not in men. Higher T/E2 ratio was associated with lower FMD in men. Further studies are needed to assess longitudinal changes in sex hormone levels and their association with vascular aging. Sex hormone levels may help identify individuals at increased CVD risk who may benefit from other risk reduction strategies.

scholarly journals Sex-associated autosomal DNA methylation differences are wide-spread and stable throughout childhood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Suderman ◽  
Andrew Simpkin ◽  
Gemma Sharp ◽  
Tom Gaunt ◽  
Oliver Lyttleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Parents And Children

AbstractAlmost all species show sexual discordance in many traits and diseases. DNA methylation is known to contribute to these differences through well-established mechanisms including X-inactivation in females, imprinting and parent-of-origin effects. Here we investigate sex discordance in DNA methylation throughout childhood in a sample of 700 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We show that autosomal sex-discordant methylation is widespread, affecting approximately 12,000 CpG sites at any given age, and stable; at least 8,500 sites are consistently different across all time points and a large proportion discordant in both the fetal and adult brain cortices. Just over 1,000 methylation differences change from birth to late adolescence, 90% of these between birth and around age seven. Sexually discordant CpG sites are enriched in genomic loci containing androgen but not estrogen targets and in genes involved in tissue development but not housekeeping functions. A methylation-derived sex score capturing the variance was calculated at each time point and found to be highly correlated between time points. This score is nominally associated with sex hormone levels in childhood as well as some phenotypes previously linked to sex hormone levels. These findings suggest that sex-discordant autosomal DNA methylation is widespread throughout the genome, likely due to the first androgen exposures in utero. It is then stably maintained from birth to late adolescence. Methylation variation at sex-discordant sites within the sexes, as summarized by the methylation sex score, likely reflects in utero androgen exposure which is relevant to human health.Significance StatementAlthough we know that sex hormones are critical for establishing sexual discordance, less is known about how this discordance is achieved and maintained. Here we present evidence for widespread differences in DNA methylation between male and female children. We show that most of these differences are established prenatally, likely due to the first androgen exposures in utero, and then stably maintained throughout childhood, despite extreme fluctuations in the levels of these very same hormones. Our results support a role for DNA methylation as a means for recording and maintaining the effects of exposure to sex hormones and thus to better understand sexual variation and how it is driven by the prenatal environment.

Abstract P046: Sex Hormone Levels and 10-Year Change in N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Among Men and Post-Menopausal Women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Ying ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Pamela Ouyang ◽  
Dhananjay Vaidya ◽  
Chiadi E Ndumele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) differs between men and women, and sex hormones are thought to play a key role. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a sensitive biomarker of ventricular wall stress and a strong predictor of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure (HF). It can thus be seen as an early marker of CVD. We evaluated whether sex hormones levels were associated with change in NT-proBNP concentrations over 10 years in MESA. Methods: We studied 2348 men and 2041 post-menopausal women. Serum testosterone (T), estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at Exam 1 (2000-02); free T and bioavailable T were calculated. NT-proBNP was measured by Roche assay at Exam 1, plus Exam 3 (2004-05) and/or Exam 5 (2010-12). Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed effects models were used to study associations between sex hormone levels and change in NT-proBNP over an approximately 10-year period. Results: Mean (SD) age (years) at baseline was 65 (9) for women and 62 (10) for men. Women had higher NT-proBNP than men (median 76.6 vs 37.1 pg/ml). Among women, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and CVD risk factors, higher total T, bioavailable T, and free T were independently associated with a greater increase in NT-proBNP over 10 years, whereas estradiol and SHBG were inversely associated with change in NT-proBNP ( Table ). When sex hormones were analyzed together in the same model, total T was positively associated and SHBG was inversely associated with change in NT-proBNP. In men, higher estradiol was associated with greater 10-year increase in NT-proBNP. These associations were preserved after excluding individuals with ejection fraction <50%. Conclusion: A more androgenic sex hormone profile in post-menopausal women and a more estrogenic profile in men were independently associated with 10-year change in NT-proBNP levels. Sex hormone patterns may thus explain in part sex differences in the development of CVD and HF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document