Sex hormone levels in females of different ages suffering from depression

Abstract Background There are only a few studies on sex hormones in females of different ages suffering from depression, and their conclusions are not uniform until now. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of depression in females and factors such as sex hormones and differences in sex hormone levels in females of different ages, exploring variations after treatment. Methods A total of 169 females with depression were selected and divided into the first-episode (91 cases) and recurrent (78 cases) groups. Then, on the basis of their age, the first-episode patients were divided into the young (48 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (20 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (23 cases, age > 55 years); the patients with recurrent depression were classified into the young (37 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (19 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (22 cases, age > 55 years). The patients were assessed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases of mental and behavioral disorders. The serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the patients were measured, and differences in sex hormone levels of the groups were analyzed. Results The estradiol level was negatively correlated with age and the prolactin level was positively correlated with occupation. The severity of depression in females was found to be negatively correlated with age. The serum progesterone and estradiol levels in the young group were significantly higher than those in the elderly group, regardless of the first episode or recurrence. Estradiol levels in the perimenopausal and elderly groups with first-episode depression were significantly higher than those in the same group with recurrent depression. However, there was no significant difference in the serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the recurrent group before and after treatment. Conclusions Sex hormone levels, especially estradiol, varied among females of different ages suffering from depression. Recurrent depression also has a certain effect on sex hormone levels in females. Not only should the age and relapse be considered when studying the sex hormone levels of females with depression, but also attention should be paid to whether the patients have used antidepressants before their sexual hormonal testing.

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Gender Differences in Depression and Sex Hormones among Patients Receiving Long-Term Opioid Treatment for Chronic Noncancer Pain in Taiwan—A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157837 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7837

Author(s):

Shung-Tai Ho ◽

Tso-Chou Lin ◽

Chun-Chang Yeh ◽

Kuang-I Cheng ◽

Wei-Zen Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Function ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽

Depression Diagnosis ◽

Opioid Treatment ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Noncancer Pain

Background: Long-term use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain is associated with sex hormone disturbances. The interferences with sex hormones, sexual function, and depression were investigated in patients with chronic noncancer pain. Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter survey was conducted on 170 officially registered outpatients receiving long-term opioid treatment in nine medical centers in Taiwan between October 2018 and July 2019. Serum sex hormone levels were examined after the collection of self-administered questionnaires containing the Taiwanese version of the Brief Pain Inventory, depressive status, and sexual function interference. Results: Among 117 (68.8%) questionnaire responses from 170 enrolled outpatients, 38 women and 62 men completed the sex hormone tests, among whom only 23 (23%) had previously received blood hormone tests. Low serum total testosterone levels were detected in 34 (89.5%) women (<30 ng/dL) and 31 (50%) men (<300 ng/dL). Over 60% of women and men reported reduced sexual desire and function despite a nearly 50% reduction in pain intensity and daily function interference over the previous week after opioid treatment. Women generally had higher risks of a depression diagnosis (p = 0.034) and severe depressive symptoms (p = 0.003) and nonsignificantly lower opioid treatment duration (median 81 vs. 120 months) and morphine milligram equivalent (median 134 vs. 165 mg/day) compared with men. Conclusions: This survey demonstrated the high prevalence of depression diagnosis, low sex hormone levels, and reduced sexual function among Taiwanese patients with chronic noncancer pain receiving prolonged opioid therapy. Regular hypogonadal screenings are recommended for further management.

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Sex hormone dysregulations are associated with disease severity in critically ill male COVID-19 patients - a retrospective analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-476932/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Schroeder ◽

Berfin Schaumburg ◽

Zacharias Mueller ◽

Ann Parplys ◽

Dominik Jarczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Male And Female ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Cytokine Responses ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Estradiol Levels ◽

Ecmo Treatment

Abstract BACKGROUNDMale sex was repeatedly identified as a risk factor for death and intensive care admission. However, it is yet unclear whether sex hormones are associated with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. We sought to characterize sex differences in hormone levels and cytokine responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients.METHODSWe performed a retrospective cohort study of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Males and females were compared. Multivariate regression was performed to assess the association between sex hormones, cytokine responses and the requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment.RESULTSWe analyzed sex hormone levels (estradiol and testosterone) of n=181 male and female individuals. These consisted of n=50 critically ill COVID-19 patients (n=39 males, n=11 females), n=42 critically ill non-COVID-19 patients (n=27 males, n=15 females), n=39 non-COVID-19 patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) (n=25 males, n=14 females) and n=50 healthy individuals (n=30 males, n=20 females). We detected highest estradiol levels in critically ill male COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients (p=0.0123), patients with CHD (p=0.0002) or healthy individuals (p=0.0007). Lowest testosterone levels were detected in critically ill male COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients (p=0.0094), patients with CHD (p=0.0068) or healthy individuals (p<0.0001). No statistically significant differences in sex hormone levels were detected in critically ill female COVID-19 patients, albeit similar trends in estradiol levels were observed. In critically ill male COVID-19 patients, cytokine and chemokine responses (IFN-γ, p=0.0301; IL-1RA, p=0.0160; IL-6, p=0.0145; MCP-1, p=0.0052; MIP-1α, p=0.0134) were significantly elevated in those with higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (8-11). Linear regression analysis revealed that herein IFN-γ levels correlate with estradiol levels in male and female COVID-19 patients (R2=0.216, =0.0009). Male COVID-19 patients with elevated estradiol levels were more likely to receive ECMO treatment in the course of their ICU stay (p=0.0009). CONCLUSIONS We identified high estradiol and low testosterone levels as a hallmark of critically ill male COVID-19 patients. Elevated estradiol levels in critically ill male COVID-19 patients were positively associated with IFN-γ levels and increased risk for ECMO requirement.

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The Effect of Metformin vs Placebo on Sex Hormones in Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.32

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djaa082 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Pimentel ◽

Bingshu E Chen ◽

Ana Elisa Lohmann ◽

Marguerite Ennis ◽

Jennifer Ligibel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Endocrine Treatment ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Bioavailable Testosterone ◽

Improved Outcomes ◽

Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Estradiol Levels

Abstract Background Metformin has been associated with lower breast cancer (BC) risk and improved outcomes in observational studies. Multiple biologic mechanisms have been proposed, including a recent report of altered sex hormones. We evaluated the effect of metformin on sex hormones in MA.32, a phase III trial of nondiabetic BC subjects who were randomly assigned to metformin or placebo. Methods We studied the subgroup of postmenopausal hormone receptor-negative BC subjects not receiving endocrine treatment who provided fasting blood at baseline and at 6 months after being randomly assigned. Sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavailable testosterone, and estradiol levels were assayed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Change from baseline to 6 months between study arms was compared using Wilcoxon sum rank tests and regression models. Results 312 women were eligible (141 metformin vs 171 placebo); the majority of subjects in each arm had T1/2, N0, HER2-negative BC and had received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean age was 58.1 (SD=6.9) vs 57.5 (SD=7.9) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 (SD=5.5) vs 28.9 (SD=6.4) kg/m2 for metformin vs placebo, respectively. Median estradiol decreased between baseline and 6 months on metformin vs placebo (−5.7 vs 0 pmol/L; P < .001) in univariable analysis and after controlling for baseline BMI and BMI change (P < .001). There was no change in sex hormone-binding globulin or bioavailable testosterone. Conclusion Metformin lowered estradiol levels, independent of BMI. This observation suggests a new metformin effect that has potential relevance to estrogen sensitive cancers.

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Sex hormone levels in drug-naïve, first-episode patients with psychosis

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice ◽

10.1080/13651501.2019.1699117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Petros Petrikis ◽

Stelios Tigas ◽

Alexandros T. Tzallas ◽

Andreas Karampas ◽

Ioannis Papadopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormone ◽

First Episode ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Drug Naïve

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Effect of Occupational Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration and Noise on Sex Hormone Levels: A Case Study in an Automobile Parts Manufacturing Plant

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49934/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hamzeh Mohammadi ◽

Farideh Golbabaei ◽

Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ◽

Soheila Khodakarim Ardakani ◽

Hossein Imani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Whole Body ◽

Manufacturing Plant ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Parts Manufacturing ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: The present study investigated the effects of exposure to noise and whole body vibration (WBV) on the levels of sex hormones in an automobile parts manufacturing plant.Methods: The level of workers' exposure (n=162) to each of the mentioned stressors, was measured through standard methods and for each person the time-weighted average (TWA) of exposure was calculated. In order to determine serum sex hormones (free testosterone, LH and FSH), blood samples were taken from all participants after 8-10 hours of fasting between 7-9 am and then the blood samples were analyzed by ELISA method. Results: In general, regarding testosterone as the main male sex hormone, only 49% of the participants were in the normal range. In total of three sections, the lowest mean testosterone levels was observed in the third exposure group (WBV>1.93 m/s2; noise >92.69 dB) of the studied stressor, however, only the difference in testosterone levels between the three different groups of exposure to noise was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The relationship between demographic variables and levels of noise and WBV exposure with sex hormones was not linear and only the relationship between noise exposure and testosterone levels was statistically significant (R = -0.201, P = 0.013). Conclusion: According to the results of Logistic Regression, the WBV had the greatest effect on testosterone levels as the main male hormone. However, according to the results of the correlation test, only the relationship between noise exposure and testosterone levels is statistically significant.

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Sex, diabetes and the kidney

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.90505.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 296 (4) ◽

pp. F680-F688 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Christine Maric

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Disease Development ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Diabetic Renal Disease ◽

Rate Of Progression ◽

Male Sex

The incidence and the rate of progression of nondiabetic renal disease is generally greater in men compared with age-matched women, suggesting that the female sex is protective and/or that the male sex is a risk factor for the development and progression of nondiabetic renal disease. In diabetes, even though the male sex still appears to be a risk factor, this relationship is not as strong as it is in nondiabetic renal disease. Experimental evidence suggests that both estrogens and androgens play an important role in the pathophysiology of renal disease. Thus one of the potential mechanisms for the absence of a clear sex difference in the setting of diabetes may be alterations in sex hormone levels. Indeed, studies suggest that diabetes is a state of an imbalance in sex hormone levels; however, whether these changes correlate with the decline in renal function associated with diabetes is unclear. Furthermore, diabetic renal disease rarely develops before puberty, and the onset of puberty accelerates microalbuminuria, supporting the idea of the involvement of sex hormones in the development and progression of the disease. However, other than a handful of experimental studies indicating that treatment with or removal of sex hormones alters the course of diabetic renal disease, very few studies have actually directly examined the correlation between sex hormones and the disease development and progression. Further studies are necessary to determine the precise contribution of sex hormones in the pathophysiology of diabetic renal disease to develop novel and potentially sex-specific therapeutic treatments.

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Serum sex hormones in men occupationally exposed to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro ethane (DDT) as young adults

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1820391 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 182 (3) ◽

pp. 391-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P Cocco ◽

A Loviselli ◽

D Fadda ◽

A Ibba ◽

M Melis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Body Burden ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Serum Hormone

To explore endocrine effects in relation to para,para'-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro ethylene (p,p'-DDE) body burden and past occupational exposure to its precursor dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro ethane (DDT), we assayed serum sex hormones, including serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and p,p'-DDE levels in 107 male participants in a 1946-1950 anti-malarial campaign in Sardinia, Italy. Cumulative DDT exposure during the anti-malarial operations was retrospectively estimated from detailed reports of the anti-malarial agency. Ortho,para-DDE, and its precursor ortho,para-DDT were always below the detection limit. p,p'-DDT was detected in 14/107 subjects, and p,p'-DDE in 106/107 subjects. The median lipid-adjusted p,p'-DDE serum concentration over the total study population was 396 parts per billion (interquartile range 157-1045), and it did not vary according to the job at the time of anti-malarial operations, nor was it affected by cumulative DDT exposure. LH, FSH, and SHBG, but not testosterone or E2, showed a significant positive correlation with age. Neither current serum p,p'-DDE nor past cumulative DDT exposure affected sex hormone concentrations. Our results suggest that (1) the low current p,p'-DDE serum concentration does not affect serum hormone levels, and (2) past cumulative DDT exposure is not correlated with the current p,p'-DDE serum level, nor does it show persistent effects on serum hormone levels.

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Abstract WP171: Female Sex Hormones and Post Acute Stroke Outcome

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.wp171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Ashley ◽

Charan Singh ◽

Grace S Griesbach

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Independent Living ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Disability Rating Scale ◽

Female Sex ◽

Female Sex Hormones ◽

Before And After

Introduction: The protective effects of estrogen are widely known following brain injury and waning female sex hormones such as estrogen and prolactin with age are associated with decline in cognitive performance. In this study, we focus on the relationship between female sex hormones and outcome following stroke, specifically how these hormones affect level of disability and responsiveness to rehabilitation following stroke. Methods: Sex hormone levels were evaluated in 54 female stroke survivors with a mean latency of 98.8 days (SEM ± 23.06). Age differences in hormone levels and disability were evaluated according to younger (Y; M=39.3, SEM ± 1.5) and older (O; M=58.4, SEM ± 1.2) age categories. Functional ability was assessed with the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), Independent Living Scale (ILS) and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory 4 (MPAI). All patients underwent post acute rehabilitation. Results: The Y group had higher levels of estradiol (p<0.05) and prolactin (p<0.05) compared to the O group. Correspondingly, follicle stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) were higher in the O group (p<0.05). The Y group had lower disability according DRS, ILS activities of daily living (ADL) subscale and MPAII (p<0.05). High levels of prolactin were correlated with better performance in ADL’s (p<0.005). Estradiol correlated with lower disability as measured by MPAI (p<0.005). High values of FSH were associated with lower initiation as assessed by a subscale of the ILS. Analysis of changes in outcome measures before and after rehabilitation showed that both groups benefited equally. Conclusions: Hormones are predictive of levels of disability and independence in ADL’s. Sex hormone levels in post-stroke patients should be considered for prognostication. In spite of hormonal differences both groups benefit from rehabilitation.

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Abstract P054: Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels and Endothelial Function Among Men and Post-Menopausal Women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lena Mathews ◽

Vinita Subramanya ◽

Di Zhao ◽

Pamela Ouyang ◽

Dhanajay Vaidya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Men And Women ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

Background: Sex is a major determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endogenous sex hormones exert a variety of effects on the vascular endothelium, and changes in sex hormone levels after menopause may play a role in CVD risk in women. We hypothesized that a more androgenic sex hormone profile among post-menopausal women, but not among men, would be associated with reduced blood flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a marker of worse endothelial function. Methods: We examined 1396 post-menopausal women and 1707 men participating in MESA, who were free of clinical CVD at baseline. Sex hormone levels [total testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2)] were measured at Exam 1 (2000-02); free T and T/E2 ratio were calculated. FMD was measured by high-resolution ultrasound. Using multivariable adjusted Poisson and linear regression methods, we tested the cross-sectional associations of sex hormones (log transformed) with FMD. Results: The mean age of men and women was 61 and 64 years, respectively. Of women, 34% were using hormone therapy (HT). Among women, after adjusting for demographics, CVD risk factors, and HT use, higher SHBG was associated with higher FMD, whereas higher free T was associated with lower FMD (Table, Model 2). In women, when examining the “best FMD response” (top decile vs. bottom 9 deciles), higher E2 was positively associated with a prevalent best response, whereas higher free T was inversely associated. Among men, a higher T/E2 ratio was marginally associated with lower FMD. Conclusion: The association between sex hormones and FMD differs in men and women. Higher E2 and SHBG and lower free T levels were associated with better FMD in post-menopausal women but not in men. Higher T/E2 ratio was associated with lower FMD in men. Further studies are needed to assess longitudinal changes in sex hormone levels and their association with vascular aging. Sex hormone levels may help identify individuals at increased CVD risk who may benefit from other risk reduction strategies.

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Pregnancy-Related Ecological Shifts of Salivary Microbiota and its Association with Salivary Sex Hormones

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54822/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chenguang Niu ◽

Ting Dong ◽

Wenxin Jiang ◽

Li Gao ◽

Keyong Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

16S Rdna Gene ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Salivary Microbiota ◽

The Subject ◽

Ecological Shifts ◽

16S Rdna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background: The interactions between hosts, oral microbiomes and microenvironments have been the subject of much research in recent years. Yet, whether the alterations in the host impact the oral microbiome is not understood well. The fluctuation of sex hormone levels during pregnancy is a dramatic change in the host, and is closely related to pregnancy-associated gingivitis. In this study, salivary estradiol and progesterone level were measured at three trimesters of pregnancy and after delivery (t1: ≤ 14weeks；t2: 20–25 weeks；t3: 33–37 weeks; t4: 42 days after delivery) from 11 pregnant and 7 non-pregnant volunteers, and their salivary microbiome were collected and profiled by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results: The diversity of the salivary microbiome increased significantly in t3, compared to the t1 (P<0.05), and a close parallel to the shift is found in the elevation of salivary sex hormones. Addionally, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Peptoniphilus sp.oral taxon 386, Prevotella baroniae, Simonsiella muelleri and Lactobacillus reuteri were correlated to the fluctuation of sex hormone levels. Conclusions: The diversity of the salivary microbiome in pregnant women was elevated with the gestation weeks, which was found parallel to the changes in estradiol and progesterone levels in saliva. Rather than highly abundant bacteria, the low abundant bacteria were more vulnerable to the host impact.

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