A Matrix Representation For Sustainable Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Mahmud ◽  
Daniel S. Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Matrix Representation ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Infinite Layer ◽  
Multiple Resources

Abstract The present paper develops a matrix framework to determine the sustainability of multiple activities simultaneously. We define an activity as an action or process involving multiple resources; each activity depends upon other activities at a higher level. First, the problem of sustainability is framed in the context of an input-output model. Later, an infinite layer approach is adopted to represent different sectors of the economy and both renewable and non-renewable resources. Using the infinite layer approach, the concentration of renewable energy usage is calculated for each activity. The conversion to productive use varies from one resource to another. The current endeavor also focuses on enhancing energy efficiency to reduce non-renewable resource dependency.

scholarly journals Integrated Input-Output and Systems Analysis Modelling: The case of Tunisia. Part 2 - A systems model with IO multipliers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Howells ◽  
Thameur Necibi ◽  
John Skip Laitner ◽  
Francesco Gardumi ◽  
Franziska Bock
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Test Scenarios

Abstract This work extends a simple open source energy systems model of the Tunisian electricity sector, used for research purposes. The extension includes addition of job creation multipliers from an Input-Output analysis. Test scenarios are then developed, to assess future emissions and job creation trajectories associated with the introduction of energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. The results indicate that increased economic efficiency associated with significant (but limited) injections of energy efficiency and renewable energy reduce gas imports, reduce emissions and increase local jobs. The analysis is cursory and initial. Its objective is to enhance open modelling that can be developed and co-created for deeper policy analysis.

scholarly journals Increasing the Efficiency in Renewable Energy Challenges and Solutions for Rural India

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
P. Sridhar Acharya ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
Electric Supply

It is very much true that people living in most of the rural areas depend on renewable energy resources for their daily domestic requirements. They either get an interrupted power supply from the traditional commercial electric supply or in some cases where the people living in a remote location may not get the traditional supply due to the distance. The people in the rural area already started using renewable energy resources for their daily needs. But it is seen that most of the rural area are potential to use many forms of renewable energy resources. There is a major requirement in combining more than one form of such energy to fulfill the needs. This paper explains the different methods of production of energy using the renewable resource in the rural area and a model to combine them to use the energy efficiently. This model suggests the controller to be designed which will use the energy produced from renewable energy efficiently. This controller has a responsibility to avoid the energy from the traditional method as long as there is a supply of energy from renewable resources. The controller uses the traditional energy only when there is no alternative energy supply from renewable energy.

scholarly journals Integrated Input-Output and Systems Analysis Modelling: The case of Tunisia. Part 2 - A systems model with IO multipliers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Howells ◽  
Thameur Necibi ◽  
John Skip Laitner ◽  
Francesco Gardumi ◽  
Franziska Bock
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Test Scenarios

Abstract This work extends a simple open source energy systems model of the Tunisian electricity sector, used for research purposes. The extension includes addition of job creation multipliers from an Input-Output analysis. Test scenarios are then developed, to assess future emissions and job creation trajectories associated with the introduction of energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. The results indicate that increased economic efficiency associated with significant (but limited) injections of energy efficiency and renewable energy reduce gas imports, reduce emissions and increase local jobs. The analysis is cursory and initial. Its objective is to enhance open modelling that can be developed and co-created for deeper policy analysis.

scholarly journals Refrigeration of COVID-19 Vaccines: Ideal Storage Characteristics, Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impacts of Various Vaccine Options

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Alexandre F. Santos ◽  
Pedro D. Gaspar ◽  
Heraldo J. L. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Storage Characteristics ◽  
The Ideal

This article considers the ideal storage conditions for multiple vaccine brands, such as Pfizer, Moderna, CoronaVac, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Janssen COVID-19 and Sputnik V. Refrigerant fluid options for each storage condition, thermal load to cool each type of vaccine and environmental impacts of refrigerants are compared. An energy simulation using the EUED (energy usage effectiveness design) index was developed. The Oxford–AstraZeneca, Janssen COVID-19 and CoronaVac vaccines show 9.34-times higher energy efficiency than Pfizer. In addition, a TEWI (total equivalent warming impact) simulation was developed that prioritizes direct environmental impacts and indirect in refrigeration. From this analysis, it is concluded that the cold storage of Oxford–AstraZeneca, Janssen COVID-19 and CoronaVac vaccines in Brazil generates 35-times less environmental impact than the Pfizer vaccine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sustainable Energy Development Progress in EU Member States in the Context of Building Renovation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4209
Author(s):  
Rita Remeikienė ◽  
Ligita Gasparėnienė ◽  
Aleksandra Fedajev ◽  
Marek Szarucki ◽  
Marija Đekić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The main goal of setting energy efficiency priorities is to find ways to reduce energy consumption without harming consumers and the environment. The renovation of buildings can be considered one of the main aspects of energy efficiency in the European Union (EU). In the EU, only 5% of the renovation projects have been able to yield energy-saving at the deep renovation level. No other study has thus far ranked the EU member states according to achieved results in terms of increased usage in renewable sources, a decrease in energy usage and import, and reduction in harmful gas emissions due to energy usage. The main purpose of this article is to perform a comparative analysis of EU economies according to selected indicators related to the usage of renewable resources, energy efficiency, and emissions of harmful gasses as a result of energy usage. The methodological contribution of our study is related to developing a complex and robust research method for investment efficiency assessment allowing the study of three groups of indicators related to the usage of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and ecological aspects of energy. It was based on the PROMETHEE II method and allows testing it in other time periods, as well as modifying it for research purposes. The EU member states were categorized by such criteria as energy from renewables and biofuels, final energy consumption from renewables and biofuels, gross electricity generation from renewables and biofuels and import dependency, and usage of renewables and biofuels for heating and cooling. The results of energy per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions per million inhabitants (ECO2), energy per capita, the share of CO2 emissions from public electricity, and heat production from total CO2 emissions revealed that Latvia, Sweden, Portugal, Croatia, Austria, Lithuania, Romania, Denmark, and Finland are the nine most advanced countries in the area under consideration. In the group of the most advanced countries, energy consumption from renewables and biofuels is higher than the EU average.

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