scholarly journals Exploring Mandarin Chinese teacher’s knowledge base in China and the US: A comparative case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moi Mooi Lew ◽  
Liu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Teacher Education Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Chinese Teachers ◽  
The Us

Abstract This study aimed to explore Mandarin Chinese teachers’ knowledge base in China and the United States. To address this research objective, a curriculum inquiry was conducted on graduate-level Teaching Chinese As a Foreign Language (TCFL) teacher education program curricula in both countries. We analyzed the program curricula based on three domains of knowledge, i.e., subject matter knowledge, procedural knowledge, and contextual knowledge. We conducted a document analysis on the program curricula and semi-structured interviews with four teacher educators. The results revealed that both countries focus on different domains of knowledge. China emphasis subject matters knowledge and the US focuses more on procedural knowledge. With different teacher domain knowledge focus in the program curricula, the results implied that Chinese teachers who were graduated from these programs could possess different knowledge base.

scholarly journals Exploring Mandarin Chinese Teacher's Knowledge Base in China and the US: A Comparative Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moi Mooi Lew ◽  
Liu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Teacher Education Program ◽  
Subject Matter Knowledge ◽  
The Us

Abstract This study aimed to explore Mandarin Chinese teachers’ knowledge base in two different sociocultural contexts by comparing graduate level’s Teaching Chinese As a Foreign Language (TCFL) teacher education program curricula in China and the United States. The unit of analysis included four TCFL teacher education programs in both countries. The program curricula were analyzed based on three domains of knowledge, i.e., subject matter knowledge, procedural knowledge, and contextual knowledge. The comparative study results revealed that both countries focus on different domains of knowledge. China emphasis subject matters knowledge and the US focuses more on procedural knowledge. This study suggested that the TCFL teacher education program curricula in China should modify to focus more on the processes of Chinese second language teaching. The findings also asserted that the US’s TCFL teacher education curricula should focus more on the Chinese language subject matter knowledge so that graduates possess in-depth content knowledge to handle students’ misconceptions in second language acquisition. Mandarin Chinese teachers in both countries possess different domains of knowledge.

scholarly journals Talking About Sustainability in Teacher Preparation in Finland and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Susan Wiksten
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Scientific Phenomena

This article reports on empirical research findings from a case study of teacher education in Finland and the United States. A sociological perspective was deployed for investigating how the concept of sustainability was addressed in two teacher education programs. One of the programs was located in Finland and the other in the US. The study was carried out in 2015 and 2016. Seventeen semi-structured, open-ended, audio-recorded interviews form the core of the research materials. A thematic analysis of interviews was conducted for identifying articulations related to sustainability in subject-matter specialized teacher preparation. Findings from this study contribute to research on teacher preparation. Notably, by articulating how context-specific culture and social norms contribute to local models of teacher education. Findings from this study indicate that teacher training practices in Finland have encouraged students to articulate sustainability in relation to critical thinking, whereas in the US, sustainability has been articulated in relation to social justice. The key point supported by the evidence is that sustainability was by teachers and teacher educators conceptualized as being about the popularization of knowledge about ecology and biodiversity. The kind of communication that was by teachers and teacher educators described as effective for popularizing knowledge about scientific phenomena were forms of teaching that expanded on content-specific knowledge by connecting it to ethical and civic frameworks of the societies in which students live.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Digital Government Policies, Focusing on E-Government Acts in Korea and the United States

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung ◽  
Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
The Us ◽  
Promotion Process

The first enactment of a single national e-government act took place in Korea in 2001. Subsequently, the United States enacted its electronic government act in November 2002. Unified e-government acts in Korea and the United States have since been established and enforced for nearly two decades, and provide interesting case studies for examining the long-term influences of the e-government act on national e-government and digital government policies. The e-government act of the United States is much more comprehensive than the e-government act of Korea. The US e-government act focuses on strengthening the federal government’s ability to regulate the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)’s role in e-government implementation. The OMB has overall jurisdiction over the e-government promotion process and will continue to consult with ministries on appropriate budget support for each project. In contrast, the e-government law in Korea is based on electronic document processing as the basic viewpoint and has been downgraded to a level that supports document reduction and electronic processing of documents, rather than a comprehensive law that can support e-government projects. The comparative case study of e-government acts in Korea and the United States revealed that, from the standpoint of digital government transformation using information technology, it is most important to promote digital government policy directly from the ministry that manages the budget, or to establish a dedicated organization under the ministry to secure strong coordination while linking it with the budget.

“A paradigm of possibility”: Community mentors and teacher preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Cipollone ◽  
Eva Zygmunt ◽  
Susan Tancock
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Teacher Educator ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teacher Preparation Program ◽  
White Female ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cultural Affirmation

In this paper, we investigate mentor perspectives of their roles as de facto “teacher educators.” Drawing upon three years of qualitative data, we argue that community voices and knowledge should be reflected in decisions regarding what and how children are taught. We assert that, by broadening the definition of “teacher educator” beyond university faculty to include community members, we create spaces through which the development of culturally responsive teaching can more authentically emerge. The larger study from which this paper is derived examines the innovative practices of a teacher preparation program at a Midwestern university in the United States of America, wherein majority White, female, middle-class candidates are paired with mentor families in a low-income African-American neighborhood. This program of cultural immersion builds relational ties between community members, and mentors facilitate candidates’ movement beyond deficit perspectives of communities of color and simplistic notions of celebration to see cultural affirmation and contextual knowledge of children’s lived experiences as critical to student success. In the present study, we challenge neoliberal “commonsense” in the preparation of teachers by privileging community voices and highlighting how mentors perceive their respective roles as teacher educators.

scholarly journals The digital life of the #migrantcaravan: Contextualizing Twitter as a spatial technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172097848
Author(s):  
Margath A Walker ◽  
Emmanuel Frimpong Boamah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Migration ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
Spatial Technology

The Central American migrant caravans of 2018 are best understood as having been precipitated by entangled multi-scalar geopolitical histories among the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Unsurprisingly, the migrants traveling north to the United States garnered widespread attention on social media. So much so that the reaction to the caravan accelerated plans to deploy troops to the US southern border and deny Central Americans the opportunity to seek asylum. This example showcases how the digital world can have exponential material effects. While coverage on border security and migration has been extensive, within political geography, such concerns have rarely been paired with social media. In this article, we take as our object of analysis the digitality or “digital life” of the migrant caravan. Mapping the patterns of migrant caravan-related tweeting paired with the exploration of Twitter’s networked dimensions reveals the platform to be a fundamentally spatial technology. Rather than reflect, refract or distort, Twitter produces and (its power) is in turn produced through spatial mechanisms. We present multiple cartographic visualizations in support of this claim and highlight the ways in which a contextual knowledge of the subject under study—the migrant caravan—can further inform analyses of Big Data.

Risk, Science and Politics: Alachlor Regulation in Canada and the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hoberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
The Us ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Group Politics

AbstractThis article is a comparative case study of environmental regulation in Canada and the United States, focussing on one important area of environmental regulation, pesticides, and on the treatment of North America's most commercially important pesticide, alachlor. Alachlor is a clear case of policy divergence: Canadians have banned the substance while the US has decided to keep it on the market with minimal restrictions. Three major explanations for the divergence are explored: science, interest group politics, and legal and institutional arrangements. The article concludes that while different interpretations of the risks posed by alachlor contributed to the different decisions, they can only be explained with reference to the economic importance of alachlor and the need to maintain the legitimacy of current institutional arrangements. The concluding section outlines a framework for explaining similarities and differences in environmental, health and safety regulations across nations.

scholarly journals Refugee Crisis in North America: Comparative Case Study of the United States and Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Zhanna Dossan
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Immigration Legislation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis

The US continues to lean toward a traditional, negative approach (Gomez, 2018) and to encourage cultural diversity in Canada. In their initial immigration legislation, the Canada and US shared profound resemblances: both began with Euro- and Christian-centered laws in order to limit the influx of migrants from Southern/Eastern Europe and Asia. The researcher has taken an empirical approach to a comparative methodology, and performed a study of the immigration policies of each country empirically. Both qualitative and also quantitative data analysis approaches were used for the present research. The findings of the research suggest that the two countries share some of the foundational similarities concerning their initial immigration law. For instance, this includes the inception of their policies with the base as Euro and Christian policies, where both attempted to achieve restricted migration flow from the Asia as well as Southern/Eastern Europe. However, with time, the changes in the migration policies have occurred due to the diverging socio-cultural as well as geographical aspects.

scholarly journals The Geopolitical Factor of Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Montoya ◽  
Daniel Lemus ◽  
Evodio Kaltenecker
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Official Development Aid

In the context of Chinese growing influence in Latin America, the purpose of this paper is to analyze how geopolitical factors impact the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) implementation within the region. Specifically, this paper illuminates how Brazil and Mexico, the two largest economies in Latin America, have different predispositions towards their relationships with China. Through the review of secondary sources, this paper sets the background to analyze the geopolitical factor of the BRI in Latin America, which is complemented by the use of international databases to contrast how the US factor has molded the relationships between these countries. Finally, a comparative case study method is used to illustrate how geopolitics have influenced the Chinese investment possibilities in both economies. Although China's presence in Latin America through investments, trade, loans, and official development aid, has grown, we conclude that the United States influence is still a relevant factor to understand the differences between bilateral relationships amongst Brazil-China, and Mexico-China. This particular finding emphasizes the importance of geopolitics on BRI’s implementation in Latin America.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

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