Perceived Organizational Support and Career Satisfaction among Chinese Teachers: The Mediation Effects of Job Crafting and Work Engagement during COVID-19

Recently, scientific theories on career satisfaction (CS) have been promoted worldwide. Research on the subject has become more and more popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study adds to the existing literature by investigating the impact of organizational support on career satisfaction through the mediation role of job crafting and work engagement among Chinese teachers. A diverse sample of teachers (n = 3147) was drawn from various schools in Zhejiang province (P.R. China), from June to September 2021. SPSS 26 software with PROCESS macro and JASP was used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that perceived organizational support (POS), job crafting (JC), and work engagement (WE) have a significant and positive relation with teachers’ career satisfaction. POS was serially associated with JC (b = 0.34, p = 0.001), CS (b = 0.40, p = 0.001), and WE (b = 0.49, p0.001). The residual direct pathways for JC → CS (b = 0.55, p = 0.001, 95% CI = [0.51, 0.60]) and for WE → CS (b = 0.47, p = 0.001, 95% CI = [0.44, 0.50]) were significant. Sequentially, JC and WE mediated the relation between POS and CS. The multiple mediation model supported our general hypothesis that JC and WE mediate the relationship between POS and CS.

PELATIHAN HSK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN BERBAHASA MANDARIN BAGI GURU-GURU BAHASA MANDARIN SE-MALANG RAYA

ABSTRAKPembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat untuk membekali diri dalam dunia kerja, sehingga banyak sekolah mulai dari Sekolah Dasar (SD) sampai Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) memunculkan mata pelajaran Bahasa Mandarin. Guru merupakan salah satu faktor utama berlangsungnya pembelajaran efektif. sebagian besar guru Bahasa Mandarin di Malang belum memiliki sertifikat 汉语水平考试 HSK yang menjadi tolak ukur kemampuan minimal seseorang dalam menguasai Bahasa Mandarin, terutama bagi pengajar atau guru Bahasa Madarin. Pengabdian pelatihan 汉语水平考试 HSK sebagai upaya meningkatkan kemahiran berbahasa Mandarin bagi guru-guru bahasa Mandarin ini dimaksudkan untuk mengoptimalkan tingkat profesionalitas serta kemampuan berbahasa Mandarin guru-guru Bahasa Mandarin. Adapun kegiatan dalam pengabdian berupa (1) Memperkenalkan beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam 汉语水平考试 HSK; (2) Meperkenalan materi汉语水平考试 HSK; (3) Mendemonstrasikan penggunaan kosakata, tata Bahasa serta tips-tips mengertakan tes 汉语水平考试 HSK; (4) Guru praktek mengerjakan secara langsung tes汉语水平考试 HSK 4. Hasil dari kegiatan pelatihan HSK ini menunjukkan bahwa para guru antusias dalam mengikutipelatihan yang dilaksanakan, terbukti dari para guru dengan antusias mengerjakan soal latihan HSK, mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan mengenai HSK serta merespon pemateri selama kegiatan pelatihan HSK berlangsung. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan HSK penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Mandarin guru-guru bahasa Mandarin dan juga dapat menambah wawasan tentang HSK terbaru bagi guru. Kata kunci: pelatihan; HSK; bahasa mandarin ABSTRACTLearning Chinese has become a community need to equip themselves in the world of work so that many schools from Elementary School (SD) to Senior High School (SMA) introduce Chinese subjects. The teacher is one of the main factors for effective learning to take place. Most Chinese teachers in Malang do not yet have an HSK certificate which is a benchmark for a person's minimum ability to master Chinese, especially for Chinese teacher. The HSK training as an effort to improve Chinese language proficiency for Chinese teachers is intended to optimize the level of professionalism and Chinese language skills of Chinese teachers. The activities in this training are (1) Introducing several things that must be considered in HSK; (2) Introducing the material汉语水平考试 HSK; (3) Demonstrating the use of vocabulary, grammar, and tips for writing the HSK test; (4) Teachers practice working directly on the HSK test level 4. The results of this HSK training activity show that the teachers are enthusiastic in participating in the HSK test the training carried out, the teachers enthusiastically working on the HSK training, asking several questions about HSK, and responding to the presenters during the HSK training activities. Thus, it can be concluded that HSK training is important to improve the Mandarin language skills of Chinese teachers and can also add insight into the latest HSK for teachers. Keywords: training; HSK; chinese language.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY CHINESE TEACHERS IN TEACHING THE MALAY LANGUAGE AT SEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN CINA

This concept paper discusses the issues and challenges faced by Chinese teachers in teaching the Malay language at Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC). In accordance with the functionality of the Malay language as the national language, the Malay language should not only be mastered by the Malays but for all races in Malaysia. Good command of the Malay language can foster the self-esteem of every citizen in this country. The Malay language is also a compulsory subject that should be studied by every student, including students at SJKC. Teaching the Malay Language by Chinese teachers in SJKC is not an easy job because Chinese students are not native speakers of the Malay language. It is much different from their native language, the Malay language is only used by Chinese students during lessons and they seldom use it in their daily life. Chinese students are lack interest in learning the Malay language because it seems that learning the Malay language is very difficult for them. Therefore, the Chinese students’ achievement in the Malay language is still not satisfactory. Thus, the main focus of this concept paper is to analyse the issues and challenges faced by Chinese teachers in teaching the Malay language. These challenges make it difficult for teachers in ensuring satisfactory achievement among pupils. Various methods should be taken to improve the quality of teaching the Malays language in SJKC and thus to produce Chinese students who are fluent in speaking the Malay language. Therefore, the Chinese teachers who teach the Malay language in SJKC have to bear this responsibility by taking various initiatives to enhance the achievement of Chinese students in Malay language learning. Through this concept paper, it is hoped to reveal the issue of teaching the Malay language by Chinese teachers in SJKC to various parties.

Is Familism a Motivator or Stressor? Relationships Between Confucian Familism, Emotional Labor, Work-Family Conflict, and Emotional Exhaustion Among Chinese Teachers

To reveal the cultural effect in the job demands-resources model, this study examined how Confucian familism, emotional labor, and work-family conflict (WFC) explain the variance in teachers’ emotional exhaustion, with a focus on the mediating roles of emotional labor and WFC. With a sample of 3,312 teachers in China, the results of this study revealed that surface acting and expression of naturally felt emotion (ENFE) and WFC mediated the relationship between familism and emotional exhaustion. Moreover, familism positively predicted deep acting, ENFE, WFC, and emotional exhaustion, while negatively predicted surface acting. These findings suggest that Confucian familism may play the dual role of motivator and stressor for Chinese teachers’ emotional labor and well-being. This study contributes to the job demands-resources theory by revealing the important role of cultural traditions and provides valuable information for interventions to sustain teacher well-being.

Chine : Enseignement des langues étrangères confiné en ligne

In January 2020, an unprecedented pandemic hit the world. Although it was the middle of a holiday period, Chinese teachers mobilised. In a very short time, the school year started online and distance learning was introduced. Everyone had to deal with the advantages and disadvantages of this new form of teaching. One month after the start of the school year, we conducted a survey to better understand the requirements of distance work, to find out the strong and weak points in order to start thinking about solutions to better conduct this new form of teaching.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Chinese Teachers during COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Fear of COVID-19, NomophoBia, and Psychological Distress

There are limited data concerning the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among teachers. Therefore, the present study estimated the prevalence of PTSD among mainland Chinese teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to construct a model with mediation and moderation effects to explain the PTSD. Data collection was conducted in schools in the Jiangxi province between October and November 2020 among k-12 schoolteachers. An online survey, including five different psychometric scales, was used to collect data. All participants were assessed for PTSD using the Chinese version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Hayes’ PROCESS Model 8 was used to examine the potential factors explaining a higher PTSD scores. A total of 2603 teachers from k-12 schools participated. With the cutoff score at 31, the prevalence of PTSD was 12.3% but decreased to 1.0% when the cutoff score was at 49. Nomophobia moderated the effects of Fear of COVID-19 Scale on PTSD. The findings suggest that fear of COVID-19 among teachers leads to PTSD via psychological distress, highlighting the moderating effect of nomophobia in this association. Based on the study’s findings, psychological interventions and educational training are needed to reduce fear among teachers at higher risk of developing PTSD.

Becoming Globally Competent Through Inter-School Reciprocal Learning Partnerships: An Inquiry Into Canadian and Chinese Teachers’ Narratives

This study explores how a Canada–China Sister School Network provides school-based professional learning opportunities for in-service teachers to grow their knowledge and capacity to educate for global competence and citizenship (GCC). In particular, it presents the story of a Canadian teacher and a Chinese teacher who had found ways of educating for GCC through carrying out intercultural and international reciprocal learning in a researcher-supported inter-school reciprocal learning partnership. By inquiring into the Canadian and Chinese teachers’ growth narratives, this study highlights four lessons teachers, educators/researchers, and policy makers may learn from the two teachers. It concludes by highlighting the potential of a relationship-oriented, open-ended, and non-hierarchical international school network in supporting teachers to become more globally competent, foregrounding reciprocal learning and collaboration among school practitioners and researchers.