scholarly journals Litter Ecohydrological Function Characteristics of Three Typical Plant Communities in The Core Area of Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope from Guizhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Lihua Pu ◽  
Lingbin Yan ◽  
Guojun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Leaved Forest

Abstract Taking the litter layer of three typical plant communities (broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, and shrubs) as the research object, this study analyzed the hydrological function characteristics of the litter layers of different typical plant communities using the indoor immersion method in order to reveal the effects of the traits of the litter layer on the hydrological functions of typical plant communities in the core area. The results showed that: (1) the litter reserve change trend decreased in order as follows: broad-leaved forest (13.31 ± 1.54 t/hm2) > shrubs (12.62 ± 2.34 t/hm2) > coniferous forest (11.36 ± 1.43 t/hm2). The coniferous forest and shrub litter reserves increased significantly with the increase of decomposition degree (F = 19.36, P < 0.01; and F = 9.19, P < 0.01, respectively), while the broad-leaved forest litter reserves decreased first and then increased significantly with the increase of decomposition degree (F = 25.70, P < 0.01); (2) the litter natural moisture content change trends were as follows: shrubs (34.09 ± 4.31 t/hm2) > broad-leaved forest (31.32 ± 1.76 t/hm2) > coniferous forest (29.48 ± 7.02 t/hm2). The change trends of the maximum water-holding capacity, maximum interception amount, maximum interception rate, effective interception amount, and effective interception rate were in descending order as follows: broad-leaved forest > shrubs > coniferous forest. The maximum water-holding capacity, maximum interception amount, and effective interception amount of litter rose with the increase of decomposition degree. The broad-leaved forest community litter layer had the strongest rainfall interception function and the best hydrological service functions. The interception function was stronger with the increase of the decomposition degree of the litter layer; (3) the water-holding and water-releasing capacity variation of the litter layers manifested as reversed “J” features for the three typical plant communities. The water-holding capacity of different plant community litter layers (Qct) was significantly positively correlated with time (t) (P < 0.01), and the equation was Qct = b + alnt, whereas the water-releasing capacity of different plant community litter layers (Qst) was significantly positively correlated with time (t) (P < 0.01), and the equation was Qst = a t b; and (4) the water absorption and release rates of the litter layers had four periods. The water absorption rate (v) was significantly negatively correlated with time (t) (P < 0.01), and the equation was v = a t− b, while the water release rate was the same. The water absorption and release rates differed by one order of magnitude in the first 5 min, exhibiting the greatest regulation and storage function, while the rate differed by only 2.1–4.5 times during the last three periods. This shows that the litter layer has the strongest rainfall regulation and storage function for only a short period of time before declining.

Responses of Water Holding Characteristic of Crown Debris and Litter in a Cunninghamia Lanceolata Stand to Ice-Snow Damage

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 578-584
Author(s):  
Qin Jing Li ◽  
Yun Ting Hao ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Xiao Li Hou
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Snow Damage ◽  
Stem Damage ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Water Holding

Severe ice-snows caused break of many trees and a lot of crown debris in south China in 2008. Stem damage and crown debris. In order to determine the water holding characteristics of the crown debris, the water holding rate and water absorption rates of crown debris and litter were studied in a Cunninghamia lanceolata stand suffering from ice-snow damage occurring from January to February, 2008. The order of water-holding capacity of the components was leaves > litter > branches> stemwood > stembark in each stage of immersing water. The maximum water holding capacities of stemwood, branch, leaves, stembark and litter were 6.75, 8.13, 10.9, 2.72 and 8.22 t•ha 1, respectively. Maximum water holding rates of stemwood, branch, leaves, stembark and litter were 2271, 2144, 3199, 2800 and 3018 g•kg 1, respectively. Water absorption rate of each component sharply decreased with increasing immersed time from 0.5 to 4 hours, and then slowly decreased. The logarithm equation predicted water-holding capacity and water holding rates of crown debris and litter quite well and the negative exponential equation predicted water absorption rate within an 8.5% error.

The water holding capacity and storage modulus of chemical cross-linked soy protein gels directly related to aggregates size

LWT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wu ◽  
Wuchao Ma ◽  
Yeming Chen ◽  
Willard Burton Navicha ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Protein Gels ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Water Holding

The influence of biochar particle size and concentration on bulk density and maximum water holding capacity of sandy vs sandy loam soil in a column experiment

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G.A. Verheijen ◽  
Anna Zhuravel ◽  
Flávio C. Silva ◽  
António Amaro ◽  
Meni Ben-Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Water Holding

scholarly journals Bi-Temporal Analysis of Spatial Changes of Boreal Forest Cover and Species in Siberia for the Years 1985 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4116
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Wenxue Fu
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Latitude Zone ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

Boreal forest is a sensitive indicator of the influence of climate change. It can quantify the level and spatial divergence of forest change for forest resources and carbon cycle research. This study selected a typical boreal forest affected by few human activities as a research area, in Siberia, with a latitude span of 51°N–69°N. A total of 150 Landsat images of this area acquired in 1985 and 2015 were collected. A hierarchical classification approach was first established to retrieve the information of forest cover and species. The forested and nonforested lands were discriminated by the decision tree method and, furthermore, the forested land was classified to broad-leaved and coniferous forests by a random forest algorithm. The overall accuracy was 90.37%, which indicates the validity of the approach. Finally, the quantitative information of the forest cover and species changes in each latitude zone of every 2° was analyzed. The results show that the overall boreal forest cover increased by 5.11% over the past three decades, with broad-leaved forest increasing by 3.54% and coniferous forest increasing by 1.57%. In addition, boreal forest increased in every latitude zone, and the spatial divergence of the changes of the boreal forest cover and species in different latitude zones were significant. Finally, broad-leaved forest increased more rapidly than coniferous forest, and the greatest increase, of up to 5.77%, occurred in the zone of 55°N–57°N.

scholarly journals Kualitas Fisik Daging Sapi Peranakan Ongole dengan Pemberian Asam Askorbat dan Penyimpanan pada Suhu 50C

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
E P Samodra ◽  
H Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Water Holding

<p>The research was conducted to investigate the effect of soaking meat of Peranakan Ongole cattle with ascorbic acid and storage duration at 50C on physical quality of meat. The experiment was done in Complete Randomised Design by factorial 3 x 3. First factor was ascorbic acid with 3 levels (0%, 5%, 1%), and second factor is storage duration with 3 levels (0, 5, and 6 days). Variables that were measured: tenderness, cooking loss, water holding capacity and pH. Data were analyzed by variance analysis and the significant result were tested by Duncan’s test. Tenderness average for ascorbic acid ranging between 1,60 – 1,62 kg/cm2, and for storage duration was increased from 1,83 to 1,38 kg/cm2. Cooking loss average for ascorbat acid ranged from 43,33 to 44,89%, and for storage duration increased from 40,00 to 47,00%. Water holding capacity average for ascorbic acid ranging between 32,88 – 33,65%, but for storage duration decreased from 34,61 to 32,32%. The pH average for ascorbic acid ranging from 5,99 to 6,16, and increased for storage duration from 6,43 to 5,84. It can be concluded that physical quality of beef cattle was not affected<br />bay ascorbic acid up to 1%, but was significantly decreased by storage duration (p&lt;0,05).</p><p>Key words: Pernakan Ongole meat, ascorbat acid, storage time</p>

Yunnan Haba Snow Mountain Ecological Safety Evaluation Based on the Landscape Ecological Pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 537-540
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Fan Tao Meng ◽  
Zhi Ying Li ◽  
Cong Cong Wang ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Land Ecological Security ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
Leaved Forest

Land ecological security research has gradually become concerned field on global. Using on the Haba Snow Mountain as an example try to discuss the evaluation of ecological security based on change of the landscape ecological pattern in the paper. In GIS, RS and GPS support and accordance with the principles of landscape ecology and using new grid map method has been 1993 and 2006 Haba Snow Mountain ecological safety evaluation and space differentiation. There are temperate coniferous forest, grassland, sclerophyll broad-leaved forest, warm coniferous forest, water area, residential land, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, ice and snow land nine landscape types, and temperate coniferous forest and grassland are dominant landscape in the study area, both area has accounted about 67% of the total area. The results show that from 1993 to 2006 the whole landscape pattern has changed less in the area. Land ecological security level space differentiation is very obvious. Ecological security level high altitude area is superior to low altitude area, the core area is superior to the edge area, north area is superior to the southern area. Land ecological security in the study area whole is in good level. From 1993 to 2006 years land ecological security level has declined in the area. Research on ecological safety planning to provide basis for ecological safety planning and for similar high mountain canyon area also has reference value.

scholarly journals The Spatiotemporal Pattern of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) on the Canopies of Various Forest Types in the Exurban National Park: A Case in Ningbo City, Eastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Chi ◽  
Shudi Zuo ◽  
Yin Ren ◽  
Kaichao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

The spatiotemporal distribution pattern of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) is influenced by many environmental factors, such as meteorological condition changes, atmospheric pollution, and topographic changes. Understanding the relationship between the vegetation land cover and the AOD would favor the improvement of forest ecosystem services. This quantitative research integrated remote sensing and ground survey data and used spatial statistical methods to explore the drivers that influence the AOD of the exurban national forest park and analyze the differences between various forest types. The driver analysis was carried out in the hot (Z ≥ 1.64) and cold (Z ≤ −1.64) spots of AOD in 2010 and 2017. Our results showed that (1) the forest type was proved to be the main factor contributing to the AOD pattern and (2) from 2010 to 2017, the average growth rate of broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, bamboo, and shrub in hot spots was significantly higher than that in cold spots, while there was no significant difference in the mixed forest. The average growth rate of biomass densities of bamboo, coniferous forest, and mixed forest were higher than that of the shrub and broad-leaved forest. These findings provided the guidance for the rational allocation of tree species to increase the biomass and improve the ecosystem service values of forest parks.

scholarly journals Color Stability of Fermented Mare’s Milk and a Fermented Beverage from Cow’s Milk Adapted to Mare’s Milk Composition

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Joanna Teichert ◽  
Dorota Cais-Sokolińska ◽  
Romualda Danków ◽  
Jan Pikul ◽  
Sylwia Chudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Stability ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Water Holding

Color is important for the consumer when making a purchase decision. Mare’s milk and, thus, fermented mare’s milk is little known to consumers. Thus, it is worth presenting research showing the extent of color change during the production and storage of mare’s milk. Herein, we examined the range of color changes in mare’s milk and cow’s milks adapted to mare’s milk composition. These samples were further fermented and stored for 3 weeks at 5 ± 1 °C. Starter cultures containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were used for fermentation. Mare’s milk reached the required pH of 4.5 during fermentation faster (255 min) than cow’s milk (300 min). After fermentation, mare’s milk compared to cow’s milk and adapted cow’s milk had lower titratable acidity (0.75%) and firmness (145. 6 |(g∙s)|). The water holding capacity (95.6%) and number of Lactobacillus (7.71 log CFU/mL) and Streptocococcus (7.20 log CFU/mL) in mare’s and other’s milks were the same. Mare’s milk was furthest from the ideal white (WI) color, with its chrome (C*) being 1.5-times larger than cow’s milk. However, fermented mare’s milk was darker than the fermented adapted milk and cow’s milk by 36% and 58%, respectively. Storage caused a decrease in the WI, C*, and yellowness index (YI). The fermented mare’s milk color stability during production and storage was less than that of fermented cow’s milk. After 3 weeks storage, it was observed that the titratable acidity increased to 1.05%, and the pH decreased to 4.3 in fermented mare’s milk. The water holding capacity decreased but was still higher compared to fermented cow’s milk.

Recovery of saturated hydraulic conductivity along a forest successional series from abandoned land to mature, evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Lei Peng ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Wen Hui You
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Abandoned Land ◽  
Successional Series ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Leaved Forest

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) can be used to indicate changes in soil hydrology resulting from vegetation succession. A constant-head permeameter was used to investigate differences in Ks at five soil depths (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 cm) along a successional sequence of 155 years in evergreen broad-leaved forest at Tiantong National Forest Park, eastern China. The following six forest successional classes were studied: climax evergreen broad-leaved forest (CE), sub-climax evergreen broad-leaved forest (SE), evergreen broad-leaved mixed coniferous forest (MF), coniferous forest (CF), secondary shrub (SS), and abandoned land (AL). Surface Ks (the geometric mean of Ks at 10 and 20 cm soil depths) significantly increased from AL to CE but declined in CF. The surface Ks value under CE was higher than under other successional stages (CE 271 mm h–1, AL 58 mm h–1, SS 124 mm h–1, CF 90 mm h–1, MF 170 mm h–1, SE 231 mm h–1), and was 4.7 times greater than under AL, 2.2 times greater than under SS, and 3.0 times greater than under CF, but showed no significant difference from SE (P > 0.05). Vertical difference of Ks was detected up to a soil depth of 40 cm along forest successional series. Macroporosity was the main determining factor and played an important role in the process of Ks recovery. The likelihood of overland flow generation was inferred by comparing Ks at soil depths of 10, 20, 40, and 60 cm under the various successional stages at prevailing storm intensities. Overland flow was most likely to occur in the early successional stages. This study suggests that Ks could be restored to climax forest levels along forest successional series, but the recovery time could be as long as 95 years.

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