scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Variability on the Wind Erosion Potentials in the Western Region of Makran Coastal Plain, Iran

Author(s):  
Mohammad Akbarian ◽  
Asadollah Khoorani

Abstract Coastal plains are prone to various degrees of wind erosion due to their characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the effect of climatic factors in the western region of Makran coastal plain in a southeastern region of Iran on the wind erosion potential. The study period was 1993-2018. First, the data related to wind velocities, relative humidity and precipitation, and the granulometric data of plain surface sediments were obtained. Then, the wind erosion threshold velocity in humid air conditions was determined. Finally, the Mann-Kendall test was applied to analyze the probability of wind erosion and its temporal variability. The results indicated that the wind erosion threshold, in terms of humidity changes, varied from 7.21 to 12.31 meters per second during the study period. The highest probability of wind erosion was in February, March, and April, with 24.69%, 21.51%, and 20.41%, respectively. The lowest probability of wind erosion was in October, November, and September with 4.00%, 4.12%, and 6.00%, respectively. Finally, the erosion trend analysis indicated that wind erosion was a temporal phenomenon that increased significantly in January (winter solstice) and July (summer solstice). These months were characterized by an increase in the wind blowing at speed above the threshold. Otherwise, the months were not different from other months of the year in terms of precipitation or the number of dry days. Therefore, wind erosion is expected to maximize in the early winter and the early summer.

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Cesar Sampaio ◽  
Michelle Sato ◽  
Elisandro Pires Frigo ◽  
Celso Schonwald ◽  
Morgana Suszek ◽  
...  

AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM ESTABELECIMENTOS RURAIS FAMILIARES NA REGIÃO OESTE DO PARANÁ  Silvio Cesar Sampaio; Michelle Sato; Elisandro Pires Frigo; Celso Schonwald; Morgana Suszek; Jian Pires FrigoSetor de Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento Ambiental (RHESA), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná,  Cascavel, PR, [email protected]  1 RESUMO O aumento do custo da terra e dos meios de produção necessários à exploração agrícola não permitem mais que a produção final dependa de fatores climáticos, como um regime de precipitação adequado, devido aos altos custos dos produtos finais. Assim sendo, a tendência do meio empresarial agrícola tem sido o aumento do interesse pela prática da irrigação, que além de reduzir riscos, proporciona outras vantagens significativas ao produtor irrigante. O Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) e o Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO) apresentam dados que revelam que, aproximadamente, 85% do total de propriedades rurais do país são de estabelecimentos rurais familiares, ficando evidente, então, a importância destes agricultores para o setor agropecuário do país. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica de projetos de irrigação implantados em estabelecimentos rurais familiares, voltados à produção de olerícolas, na região oeste do Paraná.A falta de experiência dos produtores com relação à produção de olerícolas foi determinante nos resultados obtidos, gerando produções e produtividades abaixo do esperado, além de valores de TIR e TR que inviabilizaram os projetos. Conclui-se que, apenas nas culturas de morango e tomate, a implantação de sistemas de irrigação, dentro dos mesmos parâmetros de análise deste diagnóstico, foi viável economicamente. UNITERMOS: projetos de irrigação, morango, tomate.  SAMPAIO, S. C.; SATO, M.; FRIGO, E. P.; SCHONWALD, C.; SUSZEK, M.; FRIGO, J. P. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN FAMILIAR AGRICULTURAL PROPERTIES IN THE WESTERN REGION OF PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL  2 ABSTRACT The increase of land cost and the necessary production means of agricultural exploration does not allow, anymore,  the final production dependence on climatic factors,like appropriate  precipitation regimen,  due to the high costs of final products. Thus, the trend in agricultural business has been the increase of interest for irrigation, which, besides reducing risks, provides other significant advantages to the producer. The Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) and the Foundation of United Nations for Agriculture and Food (FAO) present data that show that, approximately 85% of the total of land properties in this country are familiar agricultural ones, making them important  to the farming sector of the country. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the economic viability of implanted projects of irrigation in familiar agricultural properties, mainly the olericultural ones in the western region of  Paraná. The producers’ lack of experience with regard to olericultural production was determinant in the obtainedresults, generating productions and yield below the expected ones; moreover, TIR and TR values made the projects impracticable . It may be concluded that, only in the cultures of strawberry and tomatoes, the implantation of irrigation systems, following the same analysis parameters of this diagnosis, were economically  viable. KEY WORDS: irrigation projects, strawberry, tomatoes.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Pu ◽  
Paul Ginoux ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
N. Christine Hsu ◽  
John Kimball ◽  
...  

Abstract. Dust emission is initiated when surface wind velocities exceed the threshold of wind erosion. Most dust models used constant threshold values globally. Here we use satellite products to characterize the frequency of dust events and surface properties. By matching this frequency derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue aerosol products with surface winds, we are able to retrieve a climatological monthly global distribution of wind erosion threshold (Vthreshold) over dry and sparsely-vegetated surface. This monthly two-dimensional threshold velocity is then implemented into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled land-atmosphere model (AM4.0/LM4.0). It is found that the climatology of dust optical depth (DOD) and total aerosol optical depth, surface PM10 dust concentrations, and seasonal cycle of DOD are better captured over the dust belt (i.e. North Africa and the Middle East) by simulations with the new wind erosion threshold than those using the default globally constant threshold. The most significant improvement is the frequency distribution of dust events, which is generally ignored in model evaluation. By using monthly rather than annual mean Vthreshold, all comparisons with observations are further improved. The monthly global threshold of wind erosion can be retrieved under different spatial resolutions to match the resolution of dust models and thus can help improve the simulations of dust climatology and seasonal cycle as well as dust forecasting.


Author(s):  
Abdulmalik Alghamdi ◽  
Mohammed Alzahrani ◽  
Abdulla Alhamami ◽  
Adel Altalhi ◽  
Ali Alkhathami ◽  
...  

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