Ultrasound Еxamination of the Еxtrahepatic Bile Ducts in Children (Literature Review with our own Clinical Observations)

To study the normal sonographic anatomy of extrahepatic bile ducts, a polypositional ultrasound examination of 120 children aged 0 to 17 years was conducted. The technique of hepatoduodenal ligament ultrasound examination is described. The main sonographic visual indicators for studying the anatomical and topographic structure of extrahepatic bile ducts in children are denoted. The normative parameters of the common bile and common hepatic ducts in children of different age groups are presented.

CEVİZ (Junglas regia L.) YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNDE CBS TEKNİKLERİ KULLANILARAK MEKÂNSAL KARAR DESTEK SİSTEMİ (MKDS) GELİŞTİRİLMESİNDE ÇATAK-VAN (TÜRKİYE) ÖRNEĞİ

This study was carried out to determine the areas where walnut (Junglas regia L.), which is grown in different ecological conditions of the world and Anatolia and provides significant added value to the economy of the region and the country, can be grown within the borders of Çatak (Van) district by using GIS. Within the scope of the study, certain data sets were created by taking into account the factors affecting the cultivation of walnuts, previous studies and expert opinions in determining the optimum areas where walnuts can grow in Çatak district. These data sets were combined with the necessary elements in the raster thematic maps and climatic vector maps (E00 maps with the e-high curve) and then they transferred into the database. All the obtained data were compared with each other by using GIS software and the areas where walnut could grow were determined. Due to the topographic structure of Çatak district, it has been concluded that walnut can be grown in valleys, slopes and floors where the altitude and slope are relatively low, but it will not be suitable for cultivation in mountainous areas. Thanks to this study, it will be used both in revealing the agricultural potential of different areas where walnut orchards can be established in Çatak (Van-Turkey) district and it will be also used in managing information based on locations.

FURNACE FOR BURNING BRICKS OF THE MEDIEVAL TOWN OF KYSHKALA

The article examines the role of the medieval settlement of Kyshkala among our historical values, touching upon the results of archaeological research carried out to this day. Also the historical topographic structure of the city was described, information about the central part and economic zones was given. Due to the lack of knowledge of the economic zone of the medieval settlement of Kyshkala, including the place of the kiln for firing ceramics, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the identified kiln and introduce it into scientific circulation. The article discusses the results of archaeological research work carried out in the Kyshkala Settlement in 2019, analyzes the architectural features, manufacturing technology and building materials of the furnace, identified in the economic zone of the monument. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out with pottery kilns found in medieval cities and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. On the basis of material data obtained during the excavations, the period of the stove's location in the Kyshkala Settlement was determined.

Simultaneously performed combined 24-2 and 10-2 visual field tests in glaucoma

Using either 24-2 or 10-2 visual field (VF) testing only is not enough to cover all the various types of glaucomatous VF defects. We investigated the performance of the combined 24-2 and 10-2 perimetry when conducted together and separately using the structure–function relationship. A total of 30 glaucoma patients with isolated peripheral nasal step, 37 patients with isolated paracentral scotoma, and 38 patients with both paracentral and nasal scotoma were included. To create the combined Humphrey VF test, a custom test pattern was established using the built-in custom point options, an example of the X, Y coordinate system. In glaucoma patients with peripheral nasal step, the superotemporal topographic structure–function relationship with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was superior in relation to the combined or 24-2 perimetry relative to the 10-2 perimetry (both P < 0.05). The combined VF test showed more favorable inferotemporal or inferonasal structure–function correlation with the corresponding ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness when compared with results gleaned using the 24-2 VF test (P < 0.05). Simultaneously performed 24-2 and 10-2 VF tests demonstrated a superior topographic structure–function relationship when compared with them separately performed in some sectors.

Geomorphology of the Ninety East Ridge

This paper explores the geomorphological features of the Ninety East Ridge (NER), Indian Ocean. NER presents especially long and linear topographic structure formed as a result of complex regional geophysical and geologic development. The research is based on high precision bathymetric, geological and gravity data. The submarine geomorphology of NER was digitized as three cross-sectional profiles. The profiles were selected in northern, central and southern segments. The depths were visualized in graphs, compared and statistically analyzed by histograms. The study contributes to the geophysical studies of the Indian Ocean.

Tactile perception of randomly rough surfaces

Most everyday surfaces are randomly rough and self-similar on sufficiently small scales. We investigated the tactile perception of randomly rough surfaces using 3D-printed samples, where the topographic structure and the statistical properties of scale-dependent roughness were varied independently. We found that the tactile perception of similarity between surfaces was dominated by the statistical micro-scale roughness rather than by their topographic resemblance. Participants were able to notice differences in the Hurst roughness exponent of 0.2, or a difference in surface curvature of 0.8 $$\hbox {mm}^{-1}$$ mm - 1 for surfaces with curvatures between 1 and 3 $$\hbox {mm}^{-1}$$ mm - 1 . In contrast, visual perception of similarity between color-coded images of the surface height was dominated by their topographic resemblance. We conclude that vibration cues from roughness at the length scale of the finger ridge distance distract the participants from including the topography into the judgement of similarity. The interaction between surface asperities and fingertip skin led to higher friction for higher micro-scale roughness. Individual friction data allowed us to construct a psychometric curve which relates similarity decisions to differences in friction. Participants noticed differences in the friction coefficient as small as 0.035 for samples with friction coefficients between 0.34 and 0.45.

The roughness calculation of the basal boundary for the ice-sounding data collected at Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL)

In this paper, we calculated the roughness of the basal boundary collected at Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL) to evaluate the topographic structure via the ice-sounding data collected during 32nd and 33rd Chinese Antarctic Research Expeditions (CHINARE 32 and 33). The calculation is achieved by a two-parameter roughness index method, which could differentiate different classes of subglacial landscape, in particular between erosional and depositional settings. Finally, the calculation results of partial regions of PEL are illustrated to describe the roughness of the detected regions.