scholarly journals Cyphellostereum Ushima Sp. Nov. (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) Described from Amami-Oshima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture, Ryukyu Islands), Japan, with Ultrastructural Observations of its Rhizonema Photobiont Filaments Penetrated Longitudinally by a Central Haustorium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Masumoto ◽  
Yousuke Degawa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Access Code ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Kagoshima Prefecture ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract We collected a resupinate fungus lichenized with filamentous Rhizonema cyanobacteria in Amami-Oshima Island, Japan. Microscopic observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses of both the basidioma and the lichenized thallus indicated affinities within Cyphellostereum, the first record of this basidiomycete genus from Japan. Its unique combination of structural characters and ITS rDNA sequences suggest a new species, described here as C. ushima. Light and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed tubular intracellular haustoria penetrating longitudinally within the cyanobacterial cells, a feature typically seen in the related genus Dictyonema, but unusual in Cyphellostereum. The generic circumscription of Cyphellostereum was therefore emended to include features of C. ushima and other recently described species that deviate from the conventional definition of the genus. Ultrastructural details of symbiont interactions are provided for the first time in this genus. We also succeeded in cultivating the fungus from hyphae regenerated from thallus fragments, and include a brief description of those results.TreeBASE reviewer access URL:http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S28437?x-access-code=84d2007afb05bd743f34101ac2d97dac&format=html

Re-establishment of the family Coccomyxidae and description of five novel species ofAuerbachiaandCoccomyxa(Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) parasites from Australian fishes

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOLLY HEINIGER ◽  
NICOLE L. GUNTER ◽  
ROBERT D. ADLARD
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Small Subunit Ribosomal Dna

SUMMARYFive novel species,Auerbachia scomberoidin. sp.,Auerbachia chaetodonin. sp.,Auerbachia caranxin. sp.,Coccomyxa colurodontidisn. sp. andCoccomyxa gobiodonin. sp. are described from the gall bladders of marine teleosts. These species descriptions provide the first record ofAuerbachiafrom Australian waters. Each species is characterized morphologically, including additional measurements forAuerbachiaspp. and small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences were determined for molecular phylogenetic analyses. All 5 species were each recovered from a single (and different) species of host. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close genetic relatedness between members ofAuerbachiaandCoccomyxa. Based on these phylogenetic data, on obvious paraphyly displayed by the Myxidiidae and on priority, we propose the re-establishment of the family Coccomyxidae to house all species of the genera,Coccomyxa,AuerbachiaandGlobospora.

scholarly journals Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense (Crassulaceae), a new subspecies from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Takuro Ito ◽  
Chih-Chieh Yu ◽  
Masatsugu Yokota ◽  
Goro Kokubugata
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Axillary Branches

We re-examined the taxonomic status of plants treated as Sedum formosanum (Crassulaceae) from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, using morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic analyses with related species. In morphology, plants from Miyako-jima Island bore a close resemblance to the other plants of S. formosanum, but differed in being perennial, polycarpic, and having lateral axillary branches. Molecular analyses based on ITS of nrDNA and six regions of cpDNA sequencing indicated that the Miyako-jima plants formed a distinct subclade. This subclade was part of a polytomy with three other subclades comprising nine taxa endemic to Taiwan and S. formosanum from other areas, including the type locality. Therefore, we propose and describe the Miyako-jima plants as a new subspecies, Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense.

Macrostomum shenda and M. spiriger, two new brackish-water species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4603 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
FAN XIN ◽  
SI-YU ZHANG ◽  
YONG-SHI SHI ◽  
LEI WANG ◽  
YU ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
Brackish Water Species ◽  
Water Species

In this study, two new brackish-water species of Macrostomum (M. shenda n. sp. and M. spiriger n. sp.) collected from Shenzhen, China, were described based on morphological, histological, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Macrostomum shenda n. sp. differs from its congeners in the oblique and non-thickening distal opening of its narrow funnel-shaped stylet. In addition, its sperm have neither bristles nor brush, and are surrounded by an undulating membrane in the mid-body region. In M. spiriger n. sp., the stylet is spirally twisted. Its reproductive apparatus has a seminal bursal pore opening exteriorly. Results of the 18S and 28S rDNA phylogenetic analyses also support the establishments of these two new species. Moreover, the 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of some species within Macrostomum in previous studies have been revised to avoid ambiguity, while Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang & Sun, 2015 was re-identified as a new record of M. quiritium Kolasa, 1973 from China.

scholarly journals Urocystis cumminsii sp. nov., a smut fungus on Themidaceae from Arizona

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599
Author(s):  
Kyryll G. Savchenko ◽  
Sylena R. Harper ◽  
Lori M. Carris ◽  
Lisa A. Castlebury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Basal Position

The morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a species of Urocystis on Dichelostemma capitatum (Themidaceae, Asparagales) collected in the Tucson Mountains in Arizona, United States, were studied using microscopy and ITS rDNA sequence analyses. This is a first record for smut fungi on hosts from Themidaceae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data revealed its basal position in relation to species on Poaceae. As a result, the smut in leaves of Dichelostemma capitatum is described and illustrated here as a new species, Urocystis cumminsii.

First records of Knufia marmoricola from limestone outcrops in the Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska Upland, Poland

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 357 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGDALENA OWCZAREK-KOŚCIELNIAK ◽  
KATJA STERFLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Its2 Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Microcolonial Fungi ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Studies on microcolonial fungi (MCF) inhabiting limestone formations in the Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska Upland (Poland) resulted in isolation of Knufia marmoricola. This is the first report of this species in Poland, which was previously known from the Mediterranean basin. Morphological analyses have shown a high variability dependent on used mycological media. Malt extract agar (MEA) proved to be the most suitable medium for morphological observations. Cultivation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and dichloran rose-Bengal with chloramphenicol medium (DRBC) resulted in growth of mycelium lacking in repetitive diagnostical features. Growth on a synthetic nutrient-poor agar (SNA) medium resulted in flattening of the colonies, decreased melanization and reduction of the colony density. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS1­-5.8S-­ITS2 rDNA sequences, confirmed assignment of Polish isolates to Knufia marmoricola. Nomenclatural clarification of Knufia petricola is presented.

Additional data on Iranian trichodorids (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) and first record of a rare species, Trichodorus variabilis Roca, 1998

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Pedram ◽  
Ali Roshan-Bakhsh ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Mohammad Reza Atighi ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece

Trichodorus variabilis, recovered from three separate locations in natural forests of northern Iran, was studied using morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Variation in position of the ventromedian cervical papillae (CP1 and CP2) with respect to the onchiostyle base in the resting position, and spicule characters (having or lacking striation in distal blade region and bristles in proximal blade region) were observed. Variation was also observed in the nature of the pharyngo-intestinal junction (offset to slight overlapping). The secretory-excretory pore of females also showed slight variation in placement. Molecular phylogenetic studies, using partial 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences of three studied populations and one sequenced isolate of the species from Greece, revealed T. variabilis has variation in the sequences of this genomic fragment. The similarity percent of four sequences ranged from 96.7 to 99.7%. The species was found for the first time outside of Greece, the country from which it was originally described. A newly recovered population of T. persicus, originally described from Iran, was also included in the molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe lespedezae (including Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, syn. nov.) on Bauhinia blakeana and B. purpurea in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 345 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIAO XU ◽  
UWE BRAUN ◽  
SHANHE ZHANG ◽  
HUI YANG ◽  
ZHI CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
New Host ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

Bauhinia species are popular ornamental and medicinal plants with a pantropical distribution. In December 2016, powdery mildew symptoms were found on B. blakeana and B. purpurea in Guangdong, China. Based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences, as well as morphological characters, the powdery mildew was identified as Erysiphe lespedezae. Previous records of powdery mildews on Bauhinia spp. are discussed. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of type material, Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum is reduced to synonymy with E. lespedezae. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of E. lespedezae causing powdery mildew on B. purpurea in China, and B. blakeana as a new host. A detailed morphological description and molecular data are provided herein.

Skeletal-muscle ultrastructural pathology in patients with sepsis and multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS)

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
A. Márquez ◽  
N.L. Diaz ◽  
H.J. Finol ◽  
M.E. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Definition Of

To date the most accepted definition of sepsis includes the suspicion of infection plus the systemic response to it (tachypnea, tachycardia and hypothermia or hyperthermia). This condition could lead to the so called multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) when there are evidences of flinctional compromise in two or more systems. Muscle weakness and wasting are common findings in those patients. The skeletal muscle histopathology in patients with those two conditions has been poorly studied. The only electron microscopic investigation we could find describes alterations in muscle fibers and endplates.In this work we describe the whole spectrum of changes found in skeletal muscle of patients suffering from sepsis and MOFS.Five patients recluded in an Intensive Care Unit were selected, two had a diagnosis of sepsis, and three presented MOFS. Needle muscle biopsies from quadriceps femoris muscle were obtained. Tissue samples were processed with routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy and observed in a Hitachi H-500 electron microscope.

Patterns of relatedness in the Kudoidae with descriptions of Kudoa chaetodoni n. sp. and K. lethrini n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida)

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. BURGER ◽  
T. H. CRIBB ◽  
R. D. ADLARD
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Brain ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence

SUMMARYTwo morphologically novel Kudoa species are characterized from brain tissue of fish, Kudoa chaetodoni n. sp. from Chaetodon unimaculatus (Chaetodontidae) and Kudoa lethrini n. sp. from Gymnocranius audleyi and Lethrinus harak (Lethrinidae). Additionally we characterized a 5-spore valve (SV) Kudoa species from the brain of Sillago ciliata (Sillaginidae). Intriguingly, its 18S rDNA sequence was identical to that of the 7 SV Kudoa yasunagai extracted from the brain of a paralichthyid halibut in Japan. These 2 species may either prove to be con-specific, even though morphology and distribution differ, or demonstrate the limit of specific resolution in the small subunit rDNA gene region. Small subunit rDNA sequences from these new species were used in molecular phylogenetic analyses of kudoids to examine congruence of phylogeny with tissue tropism, geographical distribution, and host specificity. There was significant correlation between tissue tropism in the form of well-supported brain and heart-infecting clades. Host specificity and geographical distribution showed some correlations with genotype.

First taxonomic description of multivalvulidan myxosporean parasites from elasmobranchs: Kudoa hemiscylli n.sp. and Kudoa carcharhini n.sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (13) ◽  
pp. 1885-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. GLEESON ◽  
M. B. BENNETT ◽  
R. D. ADLARD
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Potential Impact

SUMMARYMyxosporean parasites are significant parasites of fishes not only for their apparent high diversity but also for their potential impact on fish health and/or marketability. Regardless, our knowledge of most myxosporeans, especially those found in elasmobranch hosts, is superficial. A study of multivalvulidan diversity in a range of elasmobranchs from Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory (Australia) was conducted to address this knowledge gap. Specimens were collected from a total of 3 orders, 9 families and 31 species of elasmobranchs. Myxosporean infections referable to the genus Kudoa were discovered in host muscle and characterized morphologically and genetically. Both small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences were used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Kudoa spp. infected 27 of the 31 species of elasmobranchs examined, representing new records of this parasite genus in 26, of the 27, host species. Kudoids were observed in all 3 orders, and 7 out of the 9 families of elasmobranchs investigated. This paper reports the first 2 multivalvulidan species to be formally described from elasmobranchs, Kudoa hemiscylli n.sp. characterized from Hemiscyllium ocellatum (and 8 other host species) and Kudoa carcharhini n. sp. characterized from Carcharhinus cautus (and 2 other host species). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that kudoids from elasmobranchs form a separate lineage to those of teleosts, but are anchored within the overall kudoid clade.

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