scholarly journals Investigation of time period of activity for on-demand classes among pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokunori Ikeda ◽  
Fukuko Horio ◽  
Yasumune Nakayama ◽  
Yuji Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Remote Education ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Demand Classes

Abstract Background The COVID-19 outbreak brought about major changes in the format in which university lectures were delivered in Japan. Most classes changed from face-to-face classes to remote education methods to prevent infection. This study investigated the relationship between lecture comprehension with on-demand classes and the use of time to complete lecture-related assignments during COVID-19. Methods The eligible participants were 139 third-year pharmacy students; they received seven pharmacotherapeutics lectures via on-demand classes from September to November 2020. We classified the participants into three groups according to the period between lecture upload to the submission of related assignments: submission on the day of upload (“early,” n = 42); the 2nd day to the day before the deadline (“intermediate,” n = 58); and on the deadline day (“late,” n = 39). In our analysis, we mainly used Spearman’s correlation coefficients to examine the correlations among end-of-semester examination scores, total assignment scores, and time of assignment submission. Results A strong positive correlation was evident between test scores and total assignment scores in the early group (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and a weak correlation in the intermediate group (r = 0.27, P = 0.038), but there was no correlation in the late group. We observed a negative correlation between test scores and assignment submission time in the early group (r = − 0.59, P < 0.001) but not in the intermediate or late groups. Conclusions On-demand classes give university students the opportunity to choose when they wish to study. Remote education offers a certain amount of freedom and encourages students’ initiative; however, our results suggest that some students cannot make the best use of on-demand lecture characteristics and act appropriately. Therefore, while taking advantage of on-demand education during COVID-19, it is necessary to consider students’ use of time.

Relationship amongst ResearchGate altmetric indicators and Scopus bibliometric indicators

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
RISHABH SHRIVASTAVA ◽  
Preeti Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Bibliometric Indicators ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the study aims to investigate the relationship between the altmetric indicators from ResearchGate (RG) and the bibliometric indicators from the Scopus database. Second, the study seeks to examine the relationship amongst the RG altmetric indicators themselves. RG is a rich source of altmetric indicators such as Citations, RGScore, Impact Points, Profile Views, Publication Views, etc. Design/methodology/approach – For establishing whether RG metrics showed the same results as the established sources of metrics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between the metrics provided by RG and the metrics obtained from Scopus. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were also calculated for the metrics provided by RG. The data were collected by visiting the profile pages of all the members who had an account in RG under the Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India). Findings – The study showed that most of the RG metrics showed strong positive correlation with the Scopus metrics, except for RGScore (RG) and Citations (Scopus), which showed moderate positive correlation. It was also found that the RG metrics showed moderate to strong positive correlation amongst each other. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this study is that more and more scientists and researchers may join RG in the future, therefore the data may change. The study focuses on the members who had an account in RG under the Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India). Perhaps further studies can be conducted by increasing the sample size and by taking a different sample size having different characteristics. Originality/value – Being an emerging field, not much has been conducted in the area of altmetrics. Very few studies have been conducted on the reach of academic social networks like RG and their validity as sources of altmetric indicators like RGScore, Impact Points, etc. The findings offer insights to the question whether RG can be used as an alternative to traditional sources of bibliometric indicators, especially with reference to a rapidly developing country such as India.

Analysis of National Test Scores in Very Remote Australian Schools

2015 ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Remote Education ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
National Test

Based on the current research of the Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation, this chapter presents an analysis of the 2012 Australian National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy data from very remote schools across Australia. The data support perceptions of apparent failure in remote education for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. The reasons for this failure are often attributed to disadvantage. In this chapter, the author proposes that the perceptions of failure are built on philosophical, sociological, economic, and psychological assumptions that may not be shared by those who are subjected to tests. It is therefore possible to critique remote education, not as a failure, but as a reflection of the values it embodies. That critique allows for different ways of understanding difference framed around the perspectives that come from the context of very remote schools.

scholarly journals Anatomical axis validation of lower extremity for different deformities: A radiological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212092382
Author(s):  
Meric Unal ◽  
Sabriye Ercan ◽  
Aydin Budeyri ◽  
Uğur Toprak ◽  
Abdülkerim Şalkaci
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Knee Alignment ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiology Assistant ◽  
Anatomical Axis

Aim: The aim of this study was to derive a pure, unbiased, reliable and accurate objective relationship between the local knee axis measurements through a short knee anteroposterior roentgenogram and the lower limb axis measurement through an orthoroentgenogram. Patients and Methods: Radiographs of 114 patients (114 knees) were evaluated by two independent raters for measurement of lower limb axis on an orthoroentgenogram and the local knee axis on short knee anteroposterior X-ray, which was derived by cropping the orthoroentgenogram by a blinded radiology assistant. The raters measured at two different time-points separated by an interval of 30-day period. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients and three models were built to establish the relationships of X-ray anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram anatomical axis, orthoroentgenogram anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram mechanical axis and X-ray anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram mechanical axis. Results: For three different measurements, intra-class correlation coefficients of Rater 2 were higher than 0.90 which shows perfect reliability, while that for Rater 1 was low. Furthermore, first measurements were more consistent than the second measurement. There was a strong positive correlation in all the three models except for varus cases in the last. Conclusion: The standardized correlation derived between the two different techniques for measuring knee alignment is fairly comparable with the studies in the past and would serve as a reliable template for future studies concerning relationships between the two, in addition to helping knee surgeons make more reliable and accurate interpretations through local knee axis measurements.

Cross-cultural adaptation and clinical evaluation of a Korean version of the Work, Osteoarthritis or joint-Replacement Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gyu-wan Lee ◽  
Chung-hwi Yi ◽  
Gyoung-mo Kim ◽  
Young-jung Lee ◽  
Jang-whon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation

Background and aim The Work Osteoarthritis or joint-Replacement Questionnaire (WORQ) is a new assessment tool developed in the Netherlands. It needs translation and cross-cultural adaptation for use in each country. The aim of this study was to translate the Work Osteoarthritis or joint-Replacement Questionnaire into Korean and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods To evaluate the clinimetric quality of the Korean-WORQ, we performed tests for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients) and concurrent validity (Spearman's correlation coefficient). Factor analysis was carried out to identify the principal components of the questionnaire. Findings Both the internal consistency and intra-class correlation coefficients showed the reliability of the Korean-WORQ to be excellent. The Korean-WORQ had a strong positive correlation with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and three components were extracted in factor analysis. Conclusions Based on these results, the Korean-WORQ seems to be a suitable questionnaire for assessing the disability levels of patients with knee injuries.

scholarly journals Chlorine-containing compounds produced during Dictyostelium development. Detection by labelling with 36Cl

1992 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Kay ◽  
G W Taylor ◽  
K A Jermyn ◽  
D Traynor
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Chlorinated Compounds ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Slime Moulds

DIF-1 [Differentiation-Inducing Factor 1; 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one] is a novel chlorinated signal molecule that induces stalk-cell differentiation during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Here we introduce the use of the radioisotope 36Cl to label DIF-1 and other low-Mr chlorinated compounds produced during development. H.p.l.c. and t.l.c. were used to resolve the labelled compounds. We find the following. (1) At least 14 dialysable 36Cl-labelled compounds are released into the medium by cells labelled continuously through development with Na36Cl. (2) The compounds can be classified into two major groups according to their times of accumulation in development. The early group of compounds starts accumulating at the end of aggregation, co-ordinately with DIF-1; the late group is only made at the end of development, by mature fruiting bodies. There may also be an intermediate group made during culmination. (3) The early group of compounds has been identified as comprising DIF-1 and seven of its metabolites by co-chromatography with the authentic compounds. These metabolites had previously only been recognized in suspensions of living cells incubated with exogenous DIF-1. Their detection here, from cells undergoing normal development, suggests that endogenous DIF-1 is metabolized in normal development in much the same way as is DIF-1 added to cells in suspension. (4) The intermediate and late groups of compounds are not obvious DIF-1 metabolites. They may have some role unconnected with DIF signalling. (5) A group of 36Cl-labelled late compounds remain cell-associated after washing of the fruiting bodies, and these are greatly enriched in stalk, compared with spore, cells. (6) Other slime-mould species were labelled with 36Cl. All three tested, namely D. mucoroides, D. vinaceo-fuscum and P. violaceum, also produced chloro compounds. D. mucoroides produced DIF-1 by the criterion of h.p.l.c. co-elution with authentic DIF-1. A developmentally regulated metabolism of chlorinated compounds may therefore be widespread amongst slime moulds. To our knowledge, labelling with 36Cl in vivo has not been reported before and provides a powerful general method for investigating chlorinated compounds in diverse organisms.

The Reliability of an Isokinetic Knee Muscle Endurance Test in Young Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B.A. De Ste Croix ◽  
Neil Armstrong ◽  
Joanne R. Welsman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Actions ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
Muscle Actions

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of repeated isokinetic knee extension and flexion in young children and to examine sex differences in 30 untrained subjects (16 boys and 14 girls) aged 12.2 ± 0.3 years. Total work and the percentage decline in average torque and work were recorded during 50 repetitions. Intra-class correlation coefficients indicated a strong positive correlation between test 1 and 2 for all parameters ranging from 0.36–0.95. Coefficient of variation data ranged from ± 0% to ± 5.4%. Repeatability coefficients and limits of agreement indicated that the extensors were more reliable than the flexors for both torque and work. There were no significant sex differences in any of the parameters measured. This study suggests that repeated isokinetic muscle actions of the knee, as a function of muscle endurance, can be reliably assessed in young people.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Student Performances on Course Level Integrated Clinical Skills Examinations and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations in a Chiropractic College Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Brent S. Russell ◽  
Kathryn T. Hoiriis ◽  
Joseph Guagliardo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examinations ◽  
Upper Level

Purpose: This retrospective study measured correlation of student performance between 2 objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) and an introductory integrated clinical skills course that preceded the OSCEs. The hypothesis was that there would be a strong, positive correlation between the earlier level examinations and the upper level OSCE, high enough that earlier examinations could be viewed as predictors of upper level OSCE performance. Methods: Using student scores for 5 academic terms of upper level OSCEs for 2008–2009 (n = 208) and respective earlier scores, correlation coefficients were calculated for the upper level OSCE and Clinical Skills course, and upper and lower level OSCEs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate how well the lower level OSCE and clinical skills scores, both as lone and combined independent variables, predicted the upper level OSCE scores. Results: There was at least a moderate correlation between both sets of scores: r = .51 (p &lt; .001) between upper level OSCE and clinical skills course, r = .54 (p &lt; .001) between the upper and lower level OSCEs. A combination of clinical skills and lower level OSCE scores suggested a moderate prediction of upper level OSCE scores (R2 = .38.) Conclusions: Correlations were found to be of at least a moderate level. According to linear regression analysis, a combination of the earlier scores was moderately predictive for the upper level OSCE. More research could be done to determine additional components of student performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hybrid Training Combined with On demand Classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kunieda ◽  
Shojiro Niwa ◽  
Sann Dee ◽  
Hideyuki Kashima ◽  
Koji Murai
Keyword(s):  
Group Work ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Achievement Rate ◽  
Demand Classes ◽  
Ship Handling

One aspect of life hit hard by the COVD-19 pandemic in 2020 was education in general and, in this case, actual ship training. The same is true for anchoring training, implemented annually as part of maritime training. Therefore, to conduct ship training effectively and briefly, this study advocates hybrid training, that is, shortened practical training combined with on demand video learning materials created and distributed to students in advance. Group work on ship handling planning that lasts for three to six hours is normally conducted annually in traditional classes. However, because of the pandemic, the allotted time for group work was reduced to approximately 1.5 hours. Therefore, in 2020, we conducted hybrid training, that is, anchoring training that included on demand video learning materials. Compared to students’ 66.3% average achievement rate in 2018 and 2019, the average in 2020 was 78.3%. ‘Anchoring procedure’ and ‘altering course’ items showed a particularly large gap in evaluation. The following were effects of hybrid training: (1) Videos that can be watched in advance can also be viewed repeatedly at one’s own pace. (2) The capacity to watch videos via smart phones provides students with better access. (3) As videos can be watched in advance, students become familiar with concepts before training, thus leading to better understanding of the training’s content and purpose. These results demonstrated hybrid training’s effect when practical training is combined with on demand materials.

Influence of phenobarbital on the hepatic handling of [3H]vitamin D3 in the dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. G627-G635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gascon-Barre ◽  
S. Vallieres ◽  
P. M. Huet
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Induction ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Multiple Indicator Dilution ◽  
Multiple Indicator

The effect of phenobarbital (PB) on the hepatic handling of vitamin D3 (D3) and its metabolism to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] was studied in eight mongrel dogs. The hepatic uptake and clearance of [3H]D3 were evaluated by the multiple indicator-dilution curve technique, and the formation of [3H]25(OH)D3 was evaluated by sampling the hepatic effluent. The hepatic enzyme induction was assessed in six dogs by the 14CO2 breath excretion test. The results show that the hepatic uptake of [3H]D3 was not significantly affected but that its hepatic clearance was significantly increased during PB treatment. The [3H]25(OH)D3 production was increased during PB administration by a factor of 3–5 times over the pre- or post-PB period. Evaluation of the enzyme induction produced by PB revealed that two of the dogs studied had a blunted response to PB; furthermore, these dogs were the only animals that showed no increase in [3H]25(OH)D3 production during PB treatment and that in the presence of similar serum PB, endogenous 25(OH)D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 pools, and hepatic uptake and clearance of [3H]D3. Strong positive correlation coefficients were observed between the breath excretion of 14CO2 and the [3H]25(OH)D3 production during PB treatment, whereas no correlation was present in the absence of PB. These observations show that, in most animals, PB is accompanied by an increased hepatic clearance of [3H]D3 and by an increased production of [3H]25(OH)D3. The data obtained during the present study also show that the response to PB is heterogeneous and that some animals escaped PB-mediated enzyme induction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAEMORRHAGIC AND LIPASE-RET EASING PROPERTIES OF HEPARIN AND LMV HEPARIN

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maggi ◽  
T W Barrowcliffe ◽  
E Gray ◽  
M B Donati ◽  
R E Merton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Pentosan Polysulphate ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Approximate Doubling

In a preliminary study, a good correlation (r = 0.97) was noted between the relative abilities of an unfractionated heparin, a LMW heparin, pentosan poly sulphate and dermatan sulphate to prolong the template bleeding time in rabbits and their lipase-releasing potencies. In the present study, we have measured the prolongation of both the template and transection bleeding times in groups of 5 rats given i.v. injections of 0.75 mg/kg of two different unfractionated heparins (UEH), A and B, three different LMW heparins, X, Y and Z, and a heparan sulphate, HS. Lipase release was measured in plasma samples from different groups of 5 rats, using a tritiated triolein method.UFH A had the most haemorrhagic effect, with an approximate doubling of both template and transection bleeding times and was also the most potent lipase-releaser, giving an average lipase level of 1126 mu/ml. UFH B had no significant effect on the template bleeding time, but did prolong the transection time; its lipase releasing potency was 70% of UFH A. IMW heparin X had no effect on template or transection bleeding time and released only 40% lipase compared with UEH A. LMW heparins Y and Z did not affect the template bleeding time but did prolong the transection time; they released more lipase (60%) than LMW heparin X. Correlation coefficients with lipase release were 0.97 for the template bleeding time and 0.69 for the transection bleeding time. HS released only 7% lipase but gave significant prolongations of both bleeding times.These results confirm a strong positive correlation between the haemorrhagic and lipase releasing properties of heparin and LMW heparin, suggesting very similar structural requirements for the two biological activities. This correlation exists also for dermatan sulphate and pentosan polysulphate, but not for the heparan sulphate sample tested.

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