scholarly journals TK/gI/gE/11K Genes Is Not Involved in the Virulence Enhancement of Highly Virulent Pseudorabies Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Tan ◽  
Linghua Guo ◽  
Chaoling Zhang ◽  
Shijun Yan ◽  
Yuzhou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Classical Strain ◽  
Variant Strain ◽  
Infectious Clones ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Highly Virulent

Abstract The large-scale outbreaks of Pseudorabies in china since 2011 in vaccine-immunized pig farms were caused by the highly virulent Pseudorabies virus (PRV). To investigate the factors involved in the virulence enhancement of the variant PRV, four recombinant viruses with the virulence gene’s replacement, gI/gE/11K and TK/gI/gE/11K, between the variant strain HN1201 and the classical strain Fa were constructed based on bacterial artificial chromosome infectious clones. Compared with their parental strain, the viral titers of the recombinant PRV strains are not strongly influenced by the replacement of TK/gI/gE/11K, while as previously reported, the strain HN1201 and its derived viruses showed the higher mortality, the severer clinical symptoms and tissues damage than that of strain Fa and its derived strains. In summary, the TK/gI/gE/11K genes of variant strain HN1201 showed no contribute to its virulence enhancement compares with the classical strain.

scholarly journals Molecular Serotyping and Resistance of Clinical Strains of Haemophilus (Glaesserella) Parasuis in Chinese Pig Farms From 2016 to 2018.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Liu ◽  
Long Guo ◽  
Yi Yuan ◽  
Wenbo Song ◽  
Qianqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Peptide Antibiotics ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Pig Farms

Abstract Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease and brings great economic losses to the pig industry. The goal of our research is to reveal the serotypes of H. parasuis isolated from large-scale pig farms in China from 2016 to 2018. From 2016 to 2018, 8153 H. parasuis field strains were isolated from 14610 clinical samples of sick pigs with clinical symptoms from 26 provinces and cities of China. Among them, 1386 strains were identified as H. parasuis by PCR, and the isolation rate was 9.49%. Through multiplex PCR, we showed that type 5/12 and type 4 strains had the highest separation rate, followed by type 13 and type 14 strains. Using disk diffusion method, we found cephalosporin antibiotics and peptide antibiotics all had good inhibitory effect on H. parasuis. Our conclusion may play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of H. parasuis.

scholarly journals First Detection of NADC34-like PRRSV as a Main Epidemic Strain on a Large Farm in China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Bangjun Gong ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Hu Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
The Impact

The newly emerged sublineage 1.5 (NADC34-like) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has posed a direct threat to the Chinese pig industry since 2018. However, the prevalence and impact of NADC34-like PRRSV on Chinese pig farms is unclear. In the present study, we continuously monitored pathogens—including PRRSV, African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)—on a fattening pig farm with strict biosecurity practices located in Heilongjiang Province, China, from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that multiple types of PRRSV coexisted on a single pig farm. NADC30-like and NADC34-like PRRSVs were the predominant strains on this pig farm. Importantly, NADC34-like PRRSV—detected during the period of peak mortality—was one of the predominant strains on this pig farm. Sequence alignment suggested that these strains shared the same 100 aa deletion in the NSP2 protein as IA/2014/NADC34 isolated from the United States (U.S.) in 2014. Phylogenetic analysis based on open reading frame 5 (ORF5) showed that the genetic diversity of NADC34-like PRRSV on this farm was relatively singular, but it had a relatively high rate of evolution. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis showed that almost all ORF5 RFLPs were 1-7-4, with one 1-4-4. In addition, two complete genomes of NADC34-like PRRSVs were sequenced. Recombination analysis and sequence alignment demonstrated that both viruses, with 98.9% nucleotide similarity, were non-recombinant viruses. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSVs on a large-scale breeding farm in northern China for the first time. These results will help to reveal the impact of NADC34-like PRRSVs on Chinese pig farms, and provide a reference for the detection and further prevention and control of NADC34-like PRRSVs.

Comparative physical mapping reveals features of microsynteny between Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and Arabidopsis thaliana

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H H Yan ◽  
J Mudge ◽  
D-J Kim ◽  
R C Shoemaker ◽  
D R Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Bac Contig ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Bac Contigs

To gain insight into genomic relationships between soybean (Glycine max) and Medicago truncatula, eight groups of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs, together spanning 2.60 million base pairs (Mb) in G. max and 1.56 Mb in M. truncatula, were compared through high-resolution physical mapping combined with sequence and hybridization analysis of low-copy BAC ends. Cross-hybridization among G. max and M. truncatula contigs uncovered microsynteny in six of the contig groups and extensive microsynteny in three. Between G. max homoeologous (within genome duplicate) contigs, 85% of coding and 75% of noncoding sequences were conserved at the level of cross-hybridization. By contrast, only 29% of sequences were conserved between G. max and M. truncatula, and some kilobase-scale rearrangements were also observed. Detailed restriction maps were constructed for 11 contigs from the three highly microsyntenic groups, and these maps suggested that sequence order was highly conserved between G. max duplicates and generally conserved between G. max and M. truncatula. One instance of homoeologous BAC contigs in M. truncatula was also observed and examined in detail. A sequence similarity search against the Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence identified up to three microsyntenic regions in A. thaliana for each of two of the legume BAC contig groups. Together, these results confirm previous predictions of one recent genome-wide duplication in G. max and suggest that M. truncatula also experienced ancient large-scale genome duplications.Key words: Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana, conserved microsynteny, genome duplication.

Tn7-mediated introduction of DNA into bacmid-cloned pseudorabies virus genome for rapid construction of recombinant viruses

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-fang Zhuan ◽  
Zhen-feng Zhang ◽  
Di-ping Xu ◽  
Yan-hong Si ◽  
Han-Zhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Rapid Construction

Construction and characterization of bacterial artificial chromosome library of black-handed spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Qian ◽  
Li Jin ◽  
Bing Su
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Spider Monkey ◽  
Ateles Geoffroyi ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Average Insert Size ◽  
Bac Clones ◽  
Genomic Study

The large-insert genomic DNA library is a critical resource for genome-wide genetic dissection of target species. We constructed a high-redundancy bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of a New World monkey species, the black-handed spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi). A total of 193 152 BAC clones were generated in this library. The average insert size of the BAC clones was estimated to be 184.6 kb with the small inserts (50-100 kb) accounting for less than 3% and the non-recombinant clones only 1.2%. Assuming a similar genome size with humans, the spider monkey BAC library has about 11× genome coverage. In addition, by end sequencing of randomly selected BAC clones, we generated 367 sequence tags for the library. When blasted against human genome, they showed a good correlation between the number of hit clones and the size of the chromosomes, an indication of unbiased chromosomal distribution of the library. This black-handed spider monkey BAC library would serve as a valuable resource in comparative genomic study and large-scale genome sequencing of nonhuman primates.Key words: black-handed spider monkeys, Ateles geoffroyi, BAC library.

scholarly journals Out of the Reservoir: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of a Novel Cowpox Virus Isolated from a Common Vole

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (21) ◽  
pp. 10959-10969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Hoffmann ◽  
Annika Franke ◽  
Maria Jenckel ◽  
Aistė Tamošiūnaitė ◽  
Julia Schluckebier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cowpox Virus ◽  
Common Voles ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACTThe incidence of human cowpox virus (CPXV) infections has increased significantly in recent years. Serological surveys have suggested wild rodents as the main CPXV reservoir. We characterized a CPXV isolated during a large-scale screening from a feral common vole. A comparison of the full-length DNA sequence of this CPXV strain with a highly virulent pet rat CPXV isolate showed a sequence identity of 96%, including a large additional open reading frame (ORF) of about 6,000 nucleotides which is absent in the reference CPXV strain Brighton Red. Electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the vole isolate, in contrast to the rat strain, forms A-type inclusion (ATI) bodies with incorporated virions, consistent with the presence of completeatiandp4cgenes. Experimental infections showed that the vole CPXV strain caused only mild clinical symptoms in its natural host, while all rats developed severe respiratory symptoms followed by a systemic rash. In contrast, common voles infected with a high dose of the rat CPXV showed severe signs of respiratory disease but no skin lesions, whereas infection with a low dose led to virus excretion with only mild clinical signs. We concluded that the common vole is susceptible to infection with different CPXV strains. The spectrum ranges from well-adapted viruses causing limited clinical symptoms to highly virulent strains causing severe respiratory symptoms. In addition, the low pathogenicity of the vole isolate in its eponymous host suggests a role of common voles as a major CPXV reservoir, and future research will focus on the correlation between viral genotype and phenotype/pathotype in accidental and reservoir species.IMPORTANCEWe report on the first detection and isolation of CPXV from a putative reservoir host, which enables comparative analyses to understand the infection cycle of these zoonotic orthopox viruses and the relevant genes involved.In vitrostudies, including whole-genome sequencing as well asin vivoexperiments using the Wistar rat model and the vole reservoir host allowed us to establish links between genomic sequences and thein vivoproperties (virulence) of the novel vole isolate in comparison to those of a recent zoonotic CPXV isolated from pet rats in 2009. Furthermore, the role of genes present only in a reservoir isolate can now be further analyzed. These studies therefore allow unique insights and conclusions about the role of the rodent reservoir in CPXV epidemiology and transmission and about the zoonotic threat that these viruses represent.

scholarly journals Rapid bacterial artificial chromosome modification for large-scale mouse transgenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1678-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiaoching Gong ◽  
Laura Kus ◽  
Nathaniel Heintz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Artificial Chromosome

scholarly journals Genetic heterogeneity in self-reported depressive symptoms identified through genetic analyses of the PHQ-9

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2385-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson G. Thorp ◽  
Andries T. Marees ◽  
Jue-Sheng Ong ◽  
Jiyuan An ◽  
Stuart MacGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. Previous large-scale genetic studies of depression have explored genetic risk factors of depression case–control status or aggregated sums of depressive symptoms, ignoring possible clinical or genetic heterogeneity.MethodsWe analyse data from 148 752 subjects of white British ancestry in the UK Biobank who completed nine items of a self-rated measure of current depressive symptoms: the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Genome-Wide Association analyses were conducted for nine symptoms and two composite measures. LD Score Regression was used to calculate SNP-based heritability (h2SNP) and genetic correlations (rg) across symptoms and to investigate genetic correlations with 25 external phenotypes. Genomic structural equation modelling was used to test the genetic factor structure across the nine symptoms.ResultsWe identified nine genome-wide significant genomic loci (8 novel), with no overlap in loci across symptoms. h2SNP ranged from 6% (concentration problems) to 9% (appetite changes). Genetic correlations ranged from 0.54 to 0.96 (all p < 1.39 × 10−3) with 30 of 36 correlations being significantly smaller than one. A two-factor model provided the best fit to the genetic covariance matrix, with factors representing ‘psychological’ and ‘somatic’ symptoms. The genetic correlations with external phenotypes showed large variation across the nine symptoms.ConclusionsPatterns of SNP associations and genetic correlations differ across the nine symptoms, suggesting that current depressive symptoms are genetically heterogeneous. Our study highlights the value of symptom-level analyses in understanding the genetic architecture of a psychiatric trait. Future studies should investigate whether genetic heterogeneity is recapitulated in clinical symptoms of major depression.

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