scholarly journals Health Impact Assessment of Auto Rickshaw And Cab Drivers Due To Exposure To Vehicular Pollution In Delhi: An Integrated Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Jain ◽  
Vaishnavi Barthwal
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Lung Impairment

Abstract Vehicular emission is an important contributor to air pollution in urban environment and impacts the health of commuters as well as drivers. In-vehicle concentration of pollutants is known to be higher than the ambient environment and varies with the mode of transport. Thus, this study attempts to assess the health impacts of exposure to air pollution on auto rickshaw and cab drivers. The study was conducted in Delhi using a triangular approach involving health perception survey, lung function test and in-vehicle monitoring of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) concentration to assess the health impacts of air pollution on auto rickshaw and cab drivers. Total 150 respondents (75 from each occupation) were surveyed, and spirometry was performed for 40 respondents (20 from each occupation). Binary logistic regression showed auto rickshaw drivers were exposed to significantly higher in-vehicle PM concentrations in summers as well as winters and thus, had significantly higher risk of developing respiratory, ophthalmic and dermatological health symptoms (p< 0.05 and relative risk >1). Pulmonary function test showed obstructive lung impairment was reported only among auto rickshaw drivers (6%) and restrictive lung impairment was also more prevalent among auto rickshaw drivers (48%) than cab drivers (33%), suggesting a greater vulnerability of auto rickshaw drivers to respiratory health issues. Lung function impairment was associated with age (p= 0.002). Health and wellbeing of individuals is a matter of global concern, also highlighted in sustainable development goal no. 3. However, it was observed that neither auto rickshaw drivers, nor cab drivers used formal/ standard protective measures largely due to unawareness or being unaffordable. The study suggests increasing awareness and formulate guidelines to highlight the use of proper protective measures by these vulnerable groups along with specific policy measures to protect outdoor workers like auto rickshaw drivers.

scholarly journals Levels of PM10 and PM2.5 and Respiratory Health Impacts on School-Going Children in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faridah Hussein Were ◽  
Godfrey Angoe Wafula ◽  
Cromwel Busolo Lukorito ◽  
Timothy K.K. Kamanu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Control School ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background. The respiratory system of children is vulnerable to exposure to particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) or even lower. Objective. This study assessed PM10 and PM2.5 levels and respiratory health impacts on children in schools located in an industrialized suburb in Kenya. Method. The PM10 and PM2.5 levels were sampled from five public primary schools in Athi River Township and a control school during the wet and dry seasons. Outdoor and classroom samples were collected concurrently on an 8-hour mean during school hours on two consecutive days in each school and analyzed using gravimetric techniques. Five hundred and seventy-eight (n = 578) pupils aged 9–14 years from these schools were also evaluated for symptoms of respiratory illnesses and lung function using a questionnaire and spirometric method, respectively, during the same periods. Results. Indoor median PM10 levels (μg/m3) ranged from 60.8–269.1 and 52.8–232.3 and PM2.5 values (μg/m3) of 17.7–52.4 and 28.5–75.5 during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The control classrooms had significantly (p &lt;0.05) lower median PM10 levels (μg/m3) of 5.2 and 4.2, and PM2.5 levels (μg/m3) of 3.5 and 3.0 during the respective seasons. Nearly all the classrooms in Athi River schools had PM2.5 and PM10 median levels that exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended levels. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios varied from 0.35–1.40 and 0.80–2.40 for PM10 and 0.30–0.80 and 0.80–1.40 for PM2.5 during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, suggesting higher levels in the classrooms during the wet season. The relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) presented higher prevalence of respiratory diseases following PM exposure in all the Athi River schools than the control during the dry and wet seasons. At 95% CI, the RR and OR showed strong associations between high PM10 and PM2.5 levels and lung function deficits and vice versa. The association was more prevalent during the wet season. Conclusions. The study calls for effective indoor air management programs in school environments to reduce PM exposure and respiratory health impacts. Participant Consent. Obtained. Ethics Approval. The research permit and approvals were obtained from the University of Nairobi/Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics and Research Committee (KNH-UoN ERC Reference: P599/08/2016) and the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (Reference: NACOSTI/P/18/4268/25724). Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Air pollution and lung function in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Götschi ◽  
Jordi Sunyer ◽  
Susan Chinn ◽  
Roberto de Marco ◽  
Bertil Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
European Community ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Respiratory Health

scholarly journals Effect of air pollution on lung function of road side hawkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Sonisha Gupta ◽  
Smita Asthana
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Low Exposure

Background: There is increasing concern of ambient air pollution as a global threat to humans. The most prominent effect of air pollution is on lung function. The air pollution causes decline in lung function amongst high exposure populations. There are some most vulnerable groups who are chronically exposed to ambient air pollution like traffic policemen, roadside hawkers, Banjara community in India, E-Rickshaw drivers etc. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in East Delhi, India. Spirometry was done for roadside hawkers having high exposure to ambient Air pollution and   working daily for 6-8 hours for the last more than 3 years. The low exposure group was taken from personnel working inside offices. The spirometry parameters of both the groups were compared. Student ‘T’ test was applied for statistical analysis with the help of SPSS software. Results: Comparison of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio among two groups revealed lower values for the high exposure group which was statistically significant. Among high exposure group the mixed pattern of ventilation defect was observed. Among low exposure group normal pattern of lung function was observed. Conclusion: Roadside hawkers are a vulnerable group to ambient air pollution resulting in their lower values of lung function parameters with resultant mixed ventilator defect and consequently high risk for development of respiratory diseases in the future.

AIR POLLUTION AND LUNG FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY RESPIRATORY HEALTH SURVEY (ECRHS)

Epidemiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. S142-S143
Author(s):  
T Gotschi ◽  
J Sunyer ◽  
U Ackermann-Liebrich ◽  
J W Gauderman ◽  
B Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
European Community ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Respiratory Health

scholarly journals The Italian National Air Pollution Control Programme: Air Quality, Health Impact and Cost Assessment

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Antonio Piersanti ◽  
Ilaria D’Elia ◽  
Maurizio Gualtieri ◽  
Gino Briganti ◽  
Andrea Cappelletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The European Union

Air pollution is the primary environmental cause of death globally. To improve air quality and reduce health impacts, the National Emission Ceilings Directive requires Member States of the European Union to provide National Air Pollution Control Programmes, including emission reduction measures aimed to achieve binding commitments for the years 2020 and 2030. Integrated assessment models are pivotal to assess the reduction of pollutants concentrations determined by measures implemented or foreseen for emission reduction. Here we discuss scenarios elaborated for year 2030 in the Italian National Air Pollution Control Programme, considering 2010 as reference year. The two scenarios, “With Measures” and “With Additional Measures”, show a significant reduction of the pollutants concentration, namely PM2.5, NO2 and O3. The scenarios are here also used to provide an integrated approach for calculating the effect of the program on health impacts (mortality) and related costs. Avoidable attributable cases and associated costs are here reported at both the national and regional level and provide a significant framework to assess air-pollution reduction measures with an integrated approach. The procedure proposed may be therefore further developed and applied to assess the overall positive benefits (environmental, health and economic) determined by air-pollution control plans or other integrated policies targeting air quality, energy and climate goals.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6391-6394
Author(s):  
Ganapathy Sankar U ◽  
Monisha R
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
The World

Air pollution is regarded as a significant global public health risk factor in cities around the world. It is considered as one of the highest-ranking environmental health challenges in the world, particularly in developing countries like India. Air pollution is a significant risk factor for the development of various lung disorders. World Health Organization (WHO) defined air pollution as the impurity in the environment in and around by the physical, chemical, or biological agent, which has changed the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The environmental factors related to air pollution induces the risk of allergic asthmatic reaction and emergency intervention. According to the respiratory health investigation people who are exposed to vehicular pollution for a longer duration, are in a risk to develop asthma. The air pollutants rates were measured by using the application real-time air quality index in which the air quality rate is evaluated. We piloted ten children with DCD of age about 5 - 10 years were analysed with wrights’ peak flow meter. Results of the study predicted that there is a decrease in peak expiratory flow rate with the predicted value (.000) and increase in the shortness of breath questionnaire with the predicted value (.077) on comparing over air quality index. This study concludes that there is an impact of air pollution among children with DCD.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, O3 on lung function test indices among students of Tehran city, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Kooranifar ◽  
Gholamreza Alizadeh Attar ◽  
Atefeh Talebi ◽  
Maryam Pourashraf ◽  
Razieh Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Function Test

Introduction: The adverse health effects of air pollution have been observed in many epidemiological studies. The aim of this research was to study the effects of air pollution on pulmonary functions in schoolchildren in Tehran city. Materials and methods: Total number of 167 schoolchildren were selected to participate in this study. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalized estimating equation (GEE) to determine the relationship of air pollution and lung function tests. Results: The result of this study showed that there are statistically significant differences in value of air pollution between areas. The results present that concentration of O3, PM10, NO2 has a negative association with lung function tests but concentration of CO, PM2.5, and SO2 had no association with decreased lung function tests. Time variable of air pollution was not statistically significant effect on lung function test. Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that air pollution in Tehran city can be decreased lung function test indexes that may be affected by short-time exposure to air pollutant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document