Vehicular Pollution Monitoring Using IOT

The air quality in metropolises is demeaning as a result of a complex commerce between natural and artificial environmental conditions. With the increase in urbanization and industrialization and lack of control on emigrations and use of catalytic transformers, a great quantum of particulate and poisonous feasts is produced. The ideal of this design is to cover air pollution on roads and track vehicles which beget pollution over a specified limit. Increased use of motorcars is a serious problem that has been around for a veritably long time. This paper gives check of different systems used to cover vehicular pollution and proposes use of Internet of Effects (IoT) to address this problem. Then, combination of Poisonous Gas Detectors and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) trailing system is used to cover vehicular pollution records anytime anywhere. Keywords: loT, WS, Arduino, RFlD, Gas Sensor

A GIS-Based Methodology to Determine Effect of Vehicular Pollution at Ward Level: Case Study of Jaipur City

To determine appropriate measures to reduce air pollution in any urban city, the first essential requirement is to estimate the spatial distribution of air pollution parameters in that area. In absence of air monitoring stations, alternative methods are required for the same. In the present work, a GIS-based methodology is presented to estimate the level of NO2 based on the road density of the road network of different categories of roads. Road network GIS layer and measured levels of the average value of NO2 for the year 2019 at 12 air pollution monitoring stations of Jaipur city are used to develop a large number of possible linear regression models for estimation of NO2 values based on road density values. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and adjusted r2 values are used to evaluate and arrive at the best-fitted model. Values from the cities of Jodhpur and Kota are used to validate the model. Using this model, NO2 levels are determined at 91 wards of Jaipur city and the output is compared with the similar map derived based on interpolation of NO2 values at the 12 monitoring stations. It is concluded that the methodology developed in this study generates better estimates of NO2 at the ward levels.

Environmental Aspects of Toll Plazas & Vehicular Pollution

The study aims to encapsulate the effects of toll plazas on environment. It is intended to outline various environmental aspects that are of serious concern and should be looked upon necessarily to curtail their long term ill effects on environment and humans. The rapid development in urban India has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, birth defects, immunosuppression and cancer. Air pollution, particularly in the form of particulate matter, is a serious challenge in India, and transportation is a significant factor in the nation’s air quality problems. According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease, some 1.1 million people in India die prematurely each year from diseases directly related to air pollution, making it the fifth leading cause of death in the country. Transportation sources account for approximately a third of PM pollution in India, and a somewhat higher proportion of nitrogen oxides, another set of compounds harmful to human health. Because its vehicle fleet is small relative to its large population, India has very low per capita transportation emissions. But that fleet is growing rapidly: total vehicle sales (including motorcycles) increased from about 10 million in 2007 to over 21 million in2016, and the total number of vehicles on the road is expected to nearly double to about 200 million by 2030. All these situations indicate that air pollution becoming a major problem in Indian context and there is an essential need to build up healthy environment and increase the level of research around the world. The study is based on the case study results from one of the toll plaza’s (KACHKOOT TOLL PLAZA) in j&k,India .. Keywords: (Air pollution, Vehicular emission, Carcinogenicity ,Air Quality Index, Toll, Diseases)

Mitigación de altas sensaciones térmicas del municipio Bosconia-Cesar a través de forestación con especies nativas.

Las altas temperaturas o condiciones de sensación térmica revelan inestabilidad en la comunidad Bosconense debido a la presencia de elevados niveles en la zona urbana a causa de la contaminación vehicular, malas prácticas ambientales y topografía desventajosa, alcanzando niveles de “estrés térmico”. Se realizó análisis multitemporal de: humedad relativa, temperatura, velocidad del viento, puntos de calor y sensación térmica para los años 2000, 2010, 2015 y 2020. También una caracterización del suelo basada en bibliografías y ambientalistas locales, encontrando 20.694 ha’s deforestadas entre 2000-2020 en toda Bosconia. Se presentó metodología de forestación con especies nativas (Cañaguate, Mango, Puy y Roble) y metodología de monitoreo sobre las variables humedad relativa, radiación solar, temperatura y velocidad del viento para evaluar eficacia. Añadiendo monitoreo a la radiación solar para futuras investigaciones locales. Posteriormente, se implementó la forestación y socialización con actores públicos, privados y población aledaña sobre los beneficios y cuidados que deben tenerse, estableciendo los periodos e instrumentos para evaluar la mitigación. High temperatures or thermal sensation conditions reveal instability in the Bosconense community due to the presence of high levels in the urban area due to vehicular pollution, bad environmental practices and disadvantageous topography, reaching levels of “thermal stress”. Multitemporal analysis of: relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, hot spots and thermal sensation was carried out for the years 2000, 2010, 2015 and 2020. Also, a characterization of the soil based on bibliographies and local environmentalists, finding 20,694 ha's deforested between 2000 -2020 throughout Bosconia. Afforestation methodology with native species (Cañaguate, Mango, Puy and Roble) and monitoring methodology on the variables relative humidity, solar radiation, temperature and wind speed were presented to evaluate efficacy. Adding solar radiation monitoring for future local research. Subsequently, afforestation and socialization with public and private actors and the surrounding population about the benefits and care that should be taken was implemented, establishing the periods and instruments to evaluate mitigation.

Supplementary cementitious materials in concrete and associated structural and environmental benefits: A review

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are the materials which can replace certain amount of cement in concrete. In this way, they not only enhance the properties of concrete but also assist in reducing several environment-related issues. This review article presents the various SCMs that have proven beneficial in replacing cement in concrete. In this regard, the various SCMs discussed are fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), metakaolin (MK), limestone filler, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and nanoparticles (NPs). Further, among the various NPs, nano-TiO2 (NT) and its addition in concrete and benefits were explained briefly. This article also highlights the NT-based photocatalytic degradation of the various contaminants of the environmental media i.e., water and air. Subsequently, the emphasis was also given on the discussion of its practical usage and then the various structures, comprising NT, built all around the world were also presented. This article concluded that more comprehensive review articles need to be published to encourage the developing nations also adopt the NT-based concrete structures. In this way, impacts associated with the various air pollution sources i.e., stubble burning, vehicular pollution etc., can be mitigated.

Citizens’ Perceptions in Relation to Transport Systems and Infrastructures: A Nationwide Study in the Dominican Republic

One of the challenges currently faced by emerging countries is to get their citizens to decide to use sustainable transport for their regular trips, in order to reduce the current vehicular pollution rates. The objective of this descriptive research is to examine the perceptions of Dominicans regarding the state of the country’s transport systems and road infrastructure. For this purpose, a nationwide survey procedure was performed. This cross-sectional research used the data retrieved from a sample of 1260 citizens aged over 18, proportional in gender, age, habitat, and province of the Dominican Republic. The results showed how Dominicans believe that, compared to other road features, pedestrian roads and public transport vehicles remain in a very poor condition. Further, citizens report to be more interested about the improvement of road infrastructures than in the implementation of any other set of measures performed to promote sustainable road mobility, including those related with alternative transport means. Finally, this study claims for the need of fostering educational, communicative and participative actions and measures aimed at increasing the value given to sustainable transportation, and the relevance of integrate potential structural and vehicular improvements with those related to human behavior in mobility.

Barriers to and Opportunities for Light-Duty Vehicle Electrification in India: Insights From a Survey of Experts

According to the World Health Organization, India has the world’s worst air quality. Among other factors, vehicular pollution from the increasing stock of passenger vehicles has contributed to India’s deteriorating air quality. This increasing stock is also a factor in India becoming the third-highest oil-consuming and greenhouse gas (GHG)-emitting country worldwide.

Mutagenicity in Tradescantia pallida as an Indicator of the Effect of Air Pollution and Human Health

The present study aims to relate the micronucleus frequency in Tradescantia pallida to environmental factors and cardiorespiratory diseases to infer the effect of air pollution. The number of hospitalizations, diseases cases, frequency of micronuclei in plants, environmental variables, altitude, and vehicle traffic in cities of Mato Grosso do Sul were evaluated due to the high flow that surrounds agribusiness. The frequency of micronuclei decreased with the increase in relative humidity, while the altitude did not influence the mutagenicity or genotoxicity of the evaluated plants. The municipalities with micronucleus frequencies above 200 had the highest number of vehicle and cardiorespiratory diseases. Biomonitoring data obtained in cities throughout the year indicate that the number of cardiorespiratory diseases was probably due to vehicular pollution, which is evidenced by the increased frequency of micronuclei in T. pallida.

Particulate Matter Management Plan for Prayagraj City Based Upon Emissions

Air Pollution has become one of the significant factors behind the increase in world-wide mortality rate. There are several reasons behind this increased rate such as rapid growth of industrialization, vehicular pollution accompanied by increase in urbanisation and burning of fossil fuels. This paper presents the proper management and mitigation plan (action plan) of air pollution scenario for the city Prayagraj based upon emissions. Some major air pollutants under consideration in the city of Prayagraj are Particulate Matter (PM10) and particulate matter (PM2.5). There are several prominent sources within and outside prayagraj contributing to PM10 and PM2.5 ambient air; these pollutants can be taken as surrogate of other pollutants also, as most of the pollutants coexist and have common sources. Several major sources of pollution in the city have been noted such as from Domestic, Vehicular Pollution, Road dust, Municipal solid waste (MSW) and Brick kiln. Based upon emissions calculated from these major sources a proper mitigation and management plan has been prepared for the city. Keywords: Air pollution, Particulate Matter, Prayagraj city, Action Plan, Emissions.