scholarly journals The Application of Hydrogel in Agriculture for Reducing High Pumping of Irrigation Water in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Boutalbi ◽  
Mohammed seghir NILI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Soil Moisture Retention ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract The application of hydrogel in agriculture has gained a wide interest in the last decades due to the great benefits that it has provided to this sector. In Algeria, agriculture suffers from two main issues: water shortage and climate change, especially in the south of the country (Sahara), which is classified within the arid and semi-arid regions, where irrigation is based exclusively on groundwater. This paper presents an experiment of hydrogel application in agricultural soil for reducing overexploitation of groundwater used for irrigation. Hydrogels are super absorbent polymers. They are biodegradable and have the ability to absorb and retain a large amount of water. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of hydrogel on the efficiency of soil moisture retention through treating sandy soil with different doses of hydrogel. The results indicate that the application of hydrogel can increase the water retaining capacity of sandy soil up to 40%.

scholarly journals New measures of deep soil water recharge during vegetation restoration process in semi-arid regions of northern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiben Cheng ◽  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Wenbin Yang ◽  
Qunou Jiang ◽  
Yunqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Artemisia Sphaerocephala ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Desertification in semi-arid regions is currently a global environmental and societal problem. This research attempts to understand whether a 40-year-old rain-feed Artamisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing land in Three North Shelterbelt Program (3NSP) of China can be developed sustainably or not, using a newly designed lysimeter to monitor the precipitation-induced deep soil recharge (DSR) at 220 cm depth. Evapotranspiration is calculated through a water balance equation when precipitation and soil moisture data are collected. Comparison of soil particle sizes and soil moisture distributions in artificial sand-fixing land and neighboring bare land is made to assess the impact of sand-fixing reforestation. Results show that such a sand-fixing reforestation results in a root system being mainly developed in the horizontal direction and the changed soil particle distribution. Specifically, the sandy soil with 50.53 % medium sand has been transformed into a sandy soil with 68.53 % fine sand. Within the Artamisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing experimental area, the DSR values in bare sand plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 283.6 mm and 90.6 mm in wet years, reflecting a difference of more than three times. The deep soil layer moisture in semi-arid sandy land is largely replenished by precipitation-induced infiltration. The DSR values of bare sandy land plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 51.6 mm and 2 mm in dry years, a difference of more than 25 times. The proportions of DSR reduced by Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch is 68.06 % and 96.12 % in wet and dry years, respectively. This research shows that Artamisia sphaerocephala Krasch in semi-arid region can continue to grow and has the capacity of fixing sand. It consumes a large amount of precipitated water, and reduces the amount of DSR considerably.

scholarly journals New measures of deep soil water recharge during the vegetation restoration process in semi-arid regions of northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5875-5890
Author(s):  
Yiben Cheng ◽  
Xinle Li ◽  
Yunqi Wang ◽  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Wenbin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Artemisia Sphaerocephala ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Desertification in semi-arid regions is currently a global environmental and societal problem. This research attempts to understand whether a 40-year-old rain-fed Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing land as part of the Three North Shelterbelt Program (3NSP) of China can be developed sustainably or not using a newly designed lysimeter to monitor the precipitation-induced deep soil recharge (DSR) at 220 cm of depth. Evapotranspiration is calculated through a water balance equation when precipitation and soil moisture data are collected. A comparison of soil particle sizes and soil moisture distributions in artificial sand-fixing land and neighboring bare land is made to assess the impact of sand-fixing reforestation. Results show that such a sand-fixing reforestation results in a root system being mainly developed in the horizontal direction and a changed soil particle distribution. Specifically, the sandy soil with 50.53 % medium sand has been transformed into a sandy soil with 68.53 % fine sand. Within the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing experimental area, the DSR values in the bare sand plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 283.6 and 90.6 mm in wet years, reflecting a difference of more than 3 times. The deep soil layer moisture in semi-arid sandy land is largely replenished by precipitation-induced infiltration. The DSR values of the bare sandy land plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 51.6 and 2 mm in dry years, a difference of more than 25 times. The proportions of DSR reduced by Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch are 68.06 % and 96.12 % in wet and dry years, respectively. This research shows that Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch in semi-arid regions can continue to grow and has the capacity to fix sand. It consumes a large amount of precipitated water and reduces the amount of DSR considerably.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Irrigation Water Requirement to Climate Change in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions towards Sustainable Management of Water Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13608
Author(s):  
Fouad H. Saeed ◽  
Mahmoud S. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Furat A. Mahmood Al-Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal sensitivity of the net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) to changes in climate, for sixteen crops widely cultivated in four irrigation projects located in arid and semi-arid regions of Iraq. Using LARS-WG and five GCMs, the minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation were projected for three periods from 2021–2080 with 20-year steps (P1, P2, and P3) under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Weather data available for a reference period from 1990–2019 in four representatives’ meteorological stations were used. The climate variables and other required data were inserted into the CROPWAT 8 NIWR tool. Findings revealed that the increase in the NIWR for the considered crops due to climate change falls in the range 0.1–42.4%, 1.8–44.5%, 1.2–25.1%, and 0.7–14.7% for the North Jazeera Irrigation Project (NJIP), Kirkuk Irrigation Project (KRIP), Upper Khalis Irrigation Project (UKIP), and Dalmaj Irri-gation Project (DLIP), respectively. Barley is more susceptible to changes in climate, whereas maize, potato, soybean, and millet are found to withstand changes in climate better than others. The novel outcomes of this study support optimal spatiotemporal allocation of irrigation water requirement and the sustainable management of water resources in a changing climate in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Suitability Evaluation of Typical Drought Index in Soil Moisture Retrieval and Monitoring Based on Optical Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2587
Author(s):  
Yan Nie ◽  
Ying Tan ◽  
Yuqin Deng ◽  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil Moisture Inversion

As a basic agricultural parameter in the formation, transformation, and consumption of surface water resources, soil moisture has a very important influence on the vegetation growth, agricultural production, and healthy operation of regional ecosystems. The Aksu river basin is a typical semi-arid agricultural area which seasonally suffers from water shortage. Due to the lack of knowledge on soil moisture change, the water management and decision-making processes have been a difficult issue for local government. Therefore, soil moisture monitoring by remote sensing became a reasonable way to schedule crop irrigation and evaluate the irrigation efficiency. Compared to in situ measurements, the use of remote sensing for the monitoring of soil water content is convenient and can be repetitively applied over a large area. To verify the applicability of the typical drought index to the rapid acquisition of soil moisture in arid and semi-arid regions, this study simulated, compared, and validated the effectiveness of soil moisture inversion. GF-1 WFV images, Landsat 8 OLI images, and the measured soil moisture data were used to determine the Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI), the Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI), and the Vegetation Adjusted Perpendicular Drought Index (VAPDI). First, the determination coefficients of the correlation analyses on the PDI, MPDI, VAPDI, and measured soil moisture in the 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depth layers based on the GF-1 WFV and Landsat 8 OLI images were good. Notably, in the 0–10 cm depth layers, the average determination coefficient was 0.68; all models met the accuracy requirements of soil moisture inversion. Both indicated that the drought indices based on the Near Infrared (NIR)-Red spectral space derived from the optical remote sensing images are more sensitive to soil moisture near the surface layer; however, the accuracy of retrieving the soil moisture in deep layers was slightly lower in the study area. Second, in areas of vegetation coverage, MPDI and VAPDI had a higher inversion accuracy than PDI. To a certain extent, they overcame the influence of mixed pixels on the soil moisture spectral information. VAPDI modified by Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) was not susceptible to vegetation saturation and, thus, had a higher inversion accuracy, which makes it performs better than MPDI’s in vegetated areas. Third, the spatial heterogeneity of the soil moisture retrieved by the GF-1 WFV and Landsat 8 OLI image were similar. However, the GF-1 WFV images were more sensitive to changes in the soil moisture, which reflected the actual soil moisture level covered by different vegetation. These results provide a practical reference for the dynamic monitoring of surface soil moisture, obtaining agricultural information and agricultural condition parameters in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Gendered vulnerabilities to climate change: insights from the semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitya Rao ◽  
Elaine T. Lawson ◽  
Wapula N. Raditloaneng ◽  
Divya Solomon ◽  
Margaret N. Angula
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Relating surface backscatter response from TRMM Precipitation Radar to soil moisture: results over a semi-arid region

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 6425-6454
Author(s):  
H. Stephen ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
T. C. Piechota ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Precipitation Radar ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) carries aboard the Precipitation Radar (TRMMPR) that measures the backscatter (σ°) of the surface. σ° is sensitive to surface soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Due to sparse vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions, TRMMPR σ° primarily depends on the soil water content. In this study we relate TRMMPR σ° measurements to soil water content (ms) in Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB). σ° dependence on ms is studied for different vegetation greenness values determined through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A new model of σ° that couples incidence angle, ms, and NDVI is used to derive parameters and retrieve soil water content. The calibration and validation of this model are performed using simulated and measured ms data. Simulated ms is estimated using Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model whereas measured ms is acquired from ground measuring stations in Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). σ° model is calibrated using VIC and WGEW ms data during 1998 and the calibrated model is used to derive ms during later years. The temporal trends of derived ms are consistent with VIC and WGEW ms data with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. Derived ms is also consistent with the measured precipitation data with R=0.76. The gridded VIC data is used to calibrate the model at each grid point in LCRB and spatial maps of the model parameters are prepared. The model parameters are spatially coherent with the general regional topography in LCRB. TRMMPR σ° derived soil moisture maps during May (dry) and August (wet) 1999 are spatially similar to VIC estimates with correlation 0.67 and 0.76, respectively. This research provides new insights into Ku-band σ° dependence on soil water content in the arid regions.

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