scholarly journals Intestinal protozoan infections and environment conditions among rural schoolchildren in Western Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layane Ferreira Balbino ◽  
Alberto Alves Filho ◽  
Beatrice Émeli Silva Farias ◽  
Geórgia Veloso Costa ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Sinhorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Abstract Objective This study sought to analyse the occurrence of intestinal parasites in schoolchildren from rural areas in Rio Branco, State of Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon. Results The proportion of children tested positive for intestinal parasites in this study was 91.48%, of which all of them had protozoan infections. About 65.96% of the students were characterised by a polyparasitism state. Among the parasites found, Endolimax nana, Blastocystis sp., and Giardia duodenalis were the most prevalent in the positive samples. The proportions observed between sociodemographic and environment conditions data and positive diagnosis did not show significant statistical.

scholarly journals Intestinal protozoan infections and environment conditions among rural schoolchildren in Western Brazilian Amazon

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Balbino ◽  
A Alves Filho ◽  
B. E. S. Farias ◽  
G. V. Costa ◽  
G. H. Sinhorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Protozoan Infections

scholarly journals A Study of Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among the School Children of Itahari, Eastern Region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Ram Bilakshan Sah ◽  
IS Paudel ◽  
R Baral ◽  
P Poudel ◽  
N Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Intestinal parasites, notably the protozoa are among the most common infections of school age children where they cause morbidity in developing countries.The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infec­tion and to identify risk factors associated with protozoan infection among the school children of Itahari.The cross sectional study was conducted in Grade VI, VII and VIII in schools of Itahari Municipality. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and microscopic examination of stool was done.The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and intestinal protozoan infections.Overall intestinal protozoan infection was found to be 18.5 percent. Giardia lamblia was found high (10.5%) in comparison to Entamoeba histolytica (8%). Almost (18.4%) of male and (18.6%) of female were infected with protozoan parasites. The use of soap and water after defecation had lower prevalence of protozoan infections (16%) than only use of water (28.9%). The protozoan infection was significantly lower among having clean nail (6%) in comparison to having not clean (24.8%) respectively. We conclude that the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection was found to be high in school children of Itahari and those having unhygienic skin, nail and clothes, and the habit of nail biting and thumb sucking was found to have significant relationship in the causation of intestinal protozoan infection. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 32-36 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8463

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections in children under five in the Central Hospital of Nampula, Northern Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 532-539
Author(s):  
Filipa Santana Ferreira ◽  
Filomena da Luz Martins Pereira ◽  
Maria do Rosário Oliveira Martins
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
African Region ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Intestinal parasites are known to cause infection in humans worldwide, with higher prevalence in low- and middle- incoming countries. Children are greatly affected leading to malnutrition and subsequently to physical and cognitive development impairment. Despite the scale and importance of this issue, there are few studies conducted in Mozambique concerning parasitic intestinal infections in hospitalized children. To our knowledge this is the first published report with data on this subject from Northern Mozambique. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 in 831 children, attending the Central Hospital of Nampula in Northern Mozambique. One single stool sample was obtained from each child. Socio-demographic and clinical data were also obtained. Parasitological analysis of feces was performed through direct examination and Ritchie concentration technique and Giardia duodenalis antigen detection by rapid immunochromatographic test. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used for coccidia detection. Results: The global prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasites was 31.6%. G. duodenalis (23.9%) was by far the most prevalent parasite followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (4.1%) and Cryptosporidium sp. (3.4%). Intestinal parasites were more frequent in older children (p = 0.005; aOR = 1.025). Conclusions: This work is one of the few published studies reporting intestinal parasites infection in hospitalized children. The percentage of children affected with G. duodenalis is higher than found in other studies in the African region. This highlights the need of particular attention being given to this intestinal protozoan and its resistance to water treatment, as well as to environmental health and personal hygiene.

scholarly journals The incidence, intensity and host morbidity of human parasitic protozoan infections in gastrointestinal disorder outpatients in Buea Sub Division, Cameroon

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 038-043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Veshiyi Mbuh ◽  
Helen N. Ntonifor ◽  
James T. Ojong
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Background: Numerous protozoans inhibit the gastrointestinal tract of humans with the majority being either non-pathogenic commensals or of a type that may result in mild disease. However, some of these organisms can cause severe diseases under certain circumstances while others may become highly virulent and invasive causing potentially lethal systemic disease. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity and host morbidity of human intestinal protozoan infections in individuals living in the Buea Sub-Division, Cameroon. Methodology: Random sampling was used to collect stool samples from 356 patients in a cross-sectional study.  All samples were examined by formol-ether concentration and direct smear techniques.  Data collected was analyzed and differences in proportions were determined using the Chi square (χ2) test, Fisher's exact test, or analysis of variance where appropriate. Results: It was found that 28.1% (100/356) of the sampled population were infected with protozoans. Females showed a higher infection rate (29.7%; 56/182) than males (26.4%; 46/174) and there was a significantly (P < 0.001) higher prevalence in rural areas (38.7%; 55/142) than in urban areas (21.0%; 45/214). The 6 to 12 years age group had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher infection rate (42.9%; 30/70).  The total prevalence of intestinal protozoans was as follows: E. histolytica (24.4%), E. coli (11.2%) and G. lamblia (0.6%). The most prevalent morbidity effects associated with intestinal protozoan infections were abdominal pains, dysentery and body weakness. Conclusions: Since human intestinal parasitic infections are high in the study area, mass treatment of people with intestinal protozoans is strongly recommended, especially in the rural areas where the prevalence was very high.

scholarly journals Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Pamela Carolina Köster ◽  
Antonio F. Malheiros ◽  
Jeffrey J. Shaw ◽  
Sooria Balasegaram ◽  
Alexander Prendergast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Little information is available on the occurrence and genetic variability of the diarrhoea-causing enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis in indigenous communities in Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological survey describes the frequency, genotypes, and risk associations for this pathogen in Tapirapé people (Brazilian Amazon) at four sampling campaigns during 2008–2009. Microscopy was used as a screening test, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the glutamate dehydrogenase, the beta-giardin, and the triosephosphate isomerase genes as confirmatory/genotyping methods. Associations between G. duodenalis and sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 574 individuals belonging to six tribes participated in the study, with G. duodenalis prevalence rates varying from 13.5–21.7%. The infection was positively linked to younger age and tribe. Infected children <15 years old reported more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms compared to adults. Assemblage B accounted for three out of four G. duodenalis infections and showed a high genetic diversity. No association between assemblage and age or occurrence of diarrhoea was demonstrated. These data indicate that the most likely source of infection was anthropic and that different pathways (e.g., drinking water) may be involved in the transmission of the parasite.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Salem Belkessa ◽  
Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽  
Karim Houali ◽  
Farida Ghalmi ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Assemblage B

The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.

Protozoan infection in archaeological material

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Luiz Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Cassius Schnell ◽  
Luciana Sianto ◽  
Francoise Bouchet ◽  
Mathieu Le Bailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
The 19Th Century

The identification of parasites in ancient human feces is compromised by differential preservation of identifiable parasite structures. However, protein molecules can survive the damage of the environment. It was possible to detected antigen of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis in historic and prehistoric human fecal remains using two enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kits with monoclonal antibodies specific for E. histolytica and G. duodenalis, respectively. Specimens of desiccated feces and ancient latrine sediment from the New and the Old World were examined. The ELISA detected E. histolytica antigen in samples from Argentina, USA, France, Belgium, and Switzerland, dated to about 5300 years BP to the 19th Century AD. G. duodenalis antigen was detected in samples from USA, Belgium, and Germany, dated to about 1200 AD, 1600 AD, and 1700 AD. The detection of protozoan antigen using immunoassays is a reliable tool for the study of intestinal parasites in the past.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among the Patients Visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Madhav Raj Sharma ◽  
Sohan Jha ◽  
Pawan Jha ◽  
Prashant Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Protozoan Infection

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by intestinal helminthes and protozoa are the most common human infections endemic throughout the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries including Nepal. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal. Altogether 480 stool samples were collected from April 2017- October 2017. Microscopic examination of stool was done by using formal-ether concentration technique in the Microbiology Laboratory of Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura Nepal. The overall prevalence rate was found to be 10.625%. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in males (52.94%) than in females (47.06%). In the age group below 15 years, the prevalence was found to be higher (52.94 %) than other age groups. Total 6 species of intestinal parasites; 2 (33.33%) were protozoan parasites viz. cysts and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia, and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, and 4 (66.67%) were helminths viz. ova of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, Hymenolepis nana, and Ancylostoma duodenale. The infection rate was found to be higher in people taking normal tap water. The study concluded that intestinal protozoan infection is still a public health problem of concern among the people of Dadeldhura. The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection was found to be high in children and low educated groups in Dadeldhura. Thus, health education along with infection management actions and awareness programs for sanitation improvements are required to reduce protozoan infections.

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