scholarly journals Effect of different nutrient diets on developmental and reproductive fitness of Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu T N ◽  
Muralimohan K ◽  
Arunkumara C G ◽  
Nagaraju M C
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Development Duration

Abstract Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidopetra: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important pest of cotton. In this paper, we studied the influence of different nutrient rearing diets on developmental and reproductive characteristics of pink bollworm under laboratory conditions. Larvae were reared on four diets (two natural diets and two artificial diets) with varied nutritional value. Larval diet affects the survival, development duration, pupal weight, adult emergence and fecundity. Pink bollworm attained the fastest larval development on NRD (19.8 days) with a survival rate of 88.2% and slowest on NPD and okra (~ 27.1 days) with a survival rate of 47.5% and 58.1% respectively. Pupal weight was highest (26.86 mg) on NRD and reached maximum fecundity (107 eggs/female), while lowest fecundity on NPD (37 eggs/female). Among natural diets, egg hatching rate on cotton and okra were 87% and 71%. Adult emergence starts early and the adult eclosion window was narrow on cotton and NRD. Adult longevity was varied with diets, while female moths lived longer than males in all diet treatments. Our study may help to understanding the effect of nutrition from different diets and enhanced the fecundity of P. gossypiella on NRD under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Norazila Yusoff ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Nurul Wahida Othman ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Maizom Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Female Ratio

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

scholarly journals Comparative Biology of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saund. on Bt. and Non-Bt. Cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Imran Ali Rajput ◽  
Abdul Mubeen Lodhi ◽  
Tajwer Sultana Syed ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Abro ◽  
Imran Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Mortality Percentage

Effect of Bt. and non-Bt. cotton variety was investigated on biological parameters of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella. In biological parameters, maximum larval duration of 4.5±0.07 days were recorded in the first instar on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 2.00±0.06 days in fourth larval instar on Bt. cotton. The larval weight was higher (20.24±1.74 mg) on non-Bt. and minimum on Bt. cotton (13.84±1.34 mg); meanwhile the maximum pupal weight of 23.46±0.55 mg was weighed on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 17.41±0.44 mg on Bt. cotton. A total period of 18.44±0.55 day’s adult female lived on non-Bt. cotton and15.44±0.43 on Bt. cotton. The overall maximum mean numbers of 119±1.99 eggs were observed on non-Bt. cotton as compared to Bt. cotton. Similarly, ovipositional rate was also higher (8.04±0.19 eggs/ female/day) on non-Bt. cotton. The maximum larval duration (11.36±0.30 days) was higher on non-Bt. cotton and minimum on Bt. cotton (8.03±0.43 days); meanwhile the maximum pupal period of 9.73±0.29 days were calculated on Bt. cotton and almost similar days of pupal period on non-Bt. cotton crop, respectively. The highest mortality percentage of all stages was found on Bt. cotton with maximum mortality percentage of 24.59% at 1st larval instar.

scholarly journals The effect of amino acid analogues on larval growth and survival of the olive fruit fly Bαctrocerα oleαe (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Α. G. Manoukas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

The effects of eight amino acid analogues [L-canavanine, D-cycloserine, allylglycine, L-glutamic acid-A-hydrazide, DL-ethionine, L-,-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), DL-,-3,4 dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (DL-DOPA) and thiaproline] added to an artificial diet on egg hatching, larval survival, larval weight, pupal weight and adult emergence of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were investigated. Larval survival and weight were significantly decreased by all amino acid analogues tested. Pupal weight and adult emergence was depressed by L-canavanine, D-cycloserine, L-DOPA, DL-DOPA and allyl-glycine. Of all amino acid analogues tested only L-canavanine inhibited hatching of the eggs. The depression of the parameters affected was increased by increasing the concentration of each analogue tested. The larvae of most experimental diets took longer to pupate than those of the control.

scholarly journals Prolonged coldness on eggs reduces immature survival and reproductive fitness in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Rui Jiao ◽  
Changxin Xu ◽  
Lichen Yu ◽  
Xiong Zhao He ◽  
Guangyu Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Horticultural Pest ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida: Acari: Tetranychidae) is an economically important agricultural and horticultural pest around the world. The present study investigated the prolonged exposure of eggs (i.e., 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) to low temperature (i.e., 5 ºC) affecting the egg hatching, and subsequent immature development and survival as well as the reproductive fitness of resultant females. Our results show that chilling had no significant effect on egg hatching rate, but significantly shortened egg development. It was found that prolonged chilling significantly decreased the survival of immature stages. Prolonged chilling also significantly delayed the development of males and thus adult emergence, but had not significantly effect on female development and survival. Results further indicate that the negative effect of lengthy chilling extended to the resultant females resulting in the significantly shorter longevity and lower fecundity. It is interesting that the resultant females might benefit from parental egg chilling, i.e., they started oviposition significantly early and produced significantly higher female-biased sex ratio. The implications from the results of this study in forecasting spring populations and outbreak of this pest in the growing season were discussed. 

Host-plant switching promotes the population growth of Apolygus lucorum: implications for laboratory rearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-S. Pan ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
Y.-H. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Apolygus Lucorum ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Adult Food

AbstractThe mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a major pest on cotton, fruit trees and other crops in China. A. lucorum adults often switch host plants in the agro-ecosystem, and such host-plant switching may promote more rapid population growth of A. lucorum. Here, we examined the population fitness of A. lucorum on different combinations of two plant foods [fresh maize kernels (Zea mays) and green bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris)] in the laboratory when reared either individually or in groups. Our results suggested that, compared with A. lucorum nymphs reared on green bean alone, the survival rate, developmental rate, and adult weight significantly increased when they were fed fresh maize kernels for both rearing methods. Both two-plant combinations of foods (i.e., maize as nymphal food then green bean as adult food, and green bean as nymphal food then maize as adult food) generally prolonged adult longevity, improved female fecundity, and higher egg hatching rate compared with maize or green bean as food for both nymphs and adults. The combination of nymphs with maize and adults with green bean showed the highest population growth rate for both individual and group rearing of mirid bugs. Host food switching greatly promoted the population growth of A. lucorum, and suggests a new diet for laboratory rearing of A. lucorum.

scholarly journals Forced Egg Laying Method to Establish F1 Progeny from Field Populations and Laboratory Strains of Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amonrat Panthawong ◽  
Chutipong Sukkanon ◽  
Ratchadawan Ngoen-Klan ◽  
Jeffrey Hii ◽  
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
F1 Progeny

Abstract Successful monitoring of physiological resistance of malaria vectors requires about 150 female mosquitoes for a single set of tests. In some situations, the sampling effort is insufficient due to the low number of field-caught mosquitoes. To address this challenge, we demonstrate the feasibility of using the forced oviposition method for producing F1 from field-caught Anopheles mosquitoes. A total of 430 and 598 gravid Anopheles females from four laboratory strains and five field populations, respectively, were tested. After blood feeding, gravid mosquitoes were individually introduced into transparent plastic vials, containing moistened cotton balls topped with a 4 cm2 piece of filter paper. The number of eggs, hatching larvae, pupation, and adult emergence were recorded daily. The mean number of eggs per female mosquito ranged from 39.3 for Anopheles cracens to 93.6 for Anopheles dirus in the laboratory strains, and from 36.3 for Anopheles harrisoni to 147.6 for Anopheles barbirostris s.l. in the field populations. A relatively high egg hatching rate was found in An. dirus (95.85%), Anopheles minimus (78.22%), and An. cracens (75.59%). Similarly, a relatively high pupation rate was found for almost all test species ranging from 66% for An. minimus to 98.7% for Anopheles maculatus, and lowest for An. harrisoni (43.9%). Highly successful adult emergence rate was observed among 85–100% of pupae that emerged in all tested mosquito populations. The in-tube forced oviposition method is a promising method for the production of sufficient F1 progeny for molecular identification, vector competence, insecticide resistance, and bioassay studies.

scholarly journals Potential of a fly gut microbiota incorporated gel-based larval diet for rearing Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Khan ◽  
Kajla Seheli ◽  
Md. Abdul Bari ◽  
Nahida Sultana ◽  
Shakil Ahmed Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Egg Hatching

Abstract Background The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important polyphagous pest of horticultural produce. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a proven control method against many insect pests, including fruit flies, under area-wide pest management programs. High quality mass-rearing process and the cost-effective production of sterile target species are important for SIT. Irradiation is reported to cause severe damage to the symbiotic community structure in the mid gut of fruit fly species, impairing SIT success. However, studies have found that target-specific manipulation of insect gut bacteria can positively impact the overall fitness of SIT-specific insects. Results Twelve bacterial genera were isolated and identified from B. dorsalis eggs, third instars larval gut and adults gut. The bacterial genera were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Stenotrophomonas, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Larval diet enrichment with the selected bacterial isolate, Proteus sp. was found to improve adult emergence, percentage of male, and survival under stress. However, no significant changes were recorded in B. dorsalis egg hatching, pupal yield, pupal weight, duration of the larval stage, or flight ability. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that gut bacterial isolates can be used in conjunction with SIT. The newly developed gel-based larval diet incorporated with Proteus sp. isolates can be used for large-scale mass rearing of B. dorsalis in the SIT program.

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