scholarly journals Spatial Patterns in the Association between the Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Socioeconomic and Climate Indicators in a Mediterranean Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Bentué ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues Mimbrero ◽  
Jose María Llorente González ◽  
Antonio Sebastián Ariño ◽  
Marcos Zuil Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Climate Indicators

Abstract The World Health Organization endorses the study of diseases from the perspective of the Determinants of Health (DH). DH are known as the circumstances in which people are born and raised, the environment in which they grow up and age and their lifestyle. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial behavior of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in 2017 in Aragon, a Mediterranean region in Spain, using a DH approach. The methodological process entailed building a spatial database collating sociodemographic and climate indicators, and then evaluating the spatial variability of the relationships between DH indicators and disease prevalence by combining the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models and cartographic design techniques. GWR evidences both global and spatially varying relationships, although each prevalence behaves differently. Asthma seems closely tied to local climate patterns whereas COPD is largely influenced by the built environment. Consequently, the socioeconomic and climatic contrasts characterizing the study area translate into several DH scenarios leading to situations vulnerable to the prevalence of asthma and COPD. This differential DH behavior detected by local regression models is relevant to guiding and refining public health decision-making.

scholarly journals Is There an Association between Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica F Parreira ◽  
Renata N Kirkwood ◽  
Megan Towns ◽  
Isabel Aganon ◽  
Lauren Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

BACKGROUND: In addition to symptoms, such as dyspnea and fatigue, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) also experience mood disturbances.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between health-related quality of life measures collected from patients with stable COPD and a commonly used measure of depression and anxiety.METHODS: The present analysis was a retrospective study of patients with COPD enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ), Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and 6 min walk test data were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman’s correlations, and categorical regression and categorical principal component analysis were interpreted using the biplot methodology.RESULTS: HADS anxiety scores retrieved from 80 patients were grouped as ‘no anxiety’ (n=43 [54%]), ‘probable anxiety’ (n=21 [26%]) and ‘presence of anxiety’ (n=16 [20%]). HADS depression scores were similarly grouped. There was a moderate relationship between the anxiety subscale of the HADS and both the emotional function (r=−0.519; P<0.01) and mastery (r=−0.553; P<0.01) domains of the CRQ. Categorical regression showed that the CRQ-mastery domain explained 40% of the total variation in anxiety. A principal component analysis biplot showed that the highest distance between the groups was along the mastery domain, which separated patients without feelings of anxiety from those with anxiety. However, none of the CRQ domains were able to discriminate the three depression groups.CONCLUSIONS: The CRQ-mastery domain may identify symptoms of anxiety in patients with COPD; however, the relationship is not strong enough to use the CRQ-mastery domain as a surrogate measure. None of the CRQ domains were able to discriminate the three depression groups (no depression, probable and presence); therefore, specific, validated tools to identify symptoms of depression should be used.

scholarly journals Impact of Frailty on Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Shun Takahashi ◽  
Tsunahiko Hirano ◽  
Kasumi Yasuda ◽  
Tomohiro Donishi ◽  
Kazuyoshi Suga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Brain frailty may be related to the pathophysiology of poor clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examines the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and frailty and depressive symptoms, and their combined association with quality of life (QOL) in patients with COPD. The study involved 40 patients with COPD. Frailty, depressive symptoms and QOL were assessed using Kihon Checklist (KCL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHO/QOL-26). Anatomical MRI data were acquired, and volumes of the hippocampal subfields were obtained using FreeSurfer (version 6.0) (Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA). Statistically, HADS score had significant association with WHO/QOL-26 and KCL scores. KCL scores were significantly associated with volumes of left and right whole hippocampi, presubiculum and subiculum, but HADS score had no significant association with whole hippocampi or hippocampal subfield volumes. Meanwhile, WHO/QOL-26 score was significantly associated with volume of the left CA1. There was a significant association between frailty, depression, and QOL. Hippocampal pathology was related to frailty and, to some extent, with QOL in patients with COPD. Our results suggest the impact of frailty on hippocampal volume and their combined associations with poor QOL in COPD.

scholarly journals The Underappreciated Role of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Strong Link to Lung Cancer

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Malik Quasir Mahmood ◽  
Shakti D. Shukla ◽  
Chris Ward ◽  
Eugene Haydn Walters
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

The World Health Organisation reported COPD to be the third leading cause of death globally in 2019, and in 2020, the most common cause of cancer death was lung cancer; when these linked conditions are added together they come near the top of the leading causes of mortality. The cell-biological program termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in organ development, fibrosis and cancer progression. Over the past decade there has emerged a substantial literature that also links EMT specifically to the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as primarily an airway fibrosis disease; COPD is a recognised strong independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer, over and above the risks associated with smoking. In this review, our primary focus is to highlight these linkages and alert both the COPD and lung cancer fields to these complex interactions. We emphasise the need for inter-disciplinary attention and research focused on the likely crucial roles of EMT (and potential for its inhibition) with recognition of its strategic place mechanistically in both COPD and lung cancer. As part of this we discuss the future potential directions for novel therapeutic opportunities, including evidence-based strategic repurposing of currently used familiar/approved medications.

Killer cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Fairclough ◽  
Richard A. Urbanowicz ◽  
Jonathan Corne ◽  
Jonathan R. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a treatable and preventable disease state, characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It is a current and growing cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with the WHO (World Health Organization) projecting that total deaths attributed to COPD will increase by more than 30% in the next 10 years. The pathological hallmarks of COPD are destruction of the lung parenchyma (pulmonary emphysema), inflammation of the central airways (chronic bronchitis) and inflammation of the peripheral airways (respiratory bronchiolitis). The destructive changes and tissue remodelling observed in COPD are a result of complex interactions between cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The focus of the present review is directed towards the role of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, NK (natural killer) cells and NKT cells (NK T-cells). These three classes of killer cell could all play an important part in the pathogenesis of COPD. The observed damage to the pulmonary tissue could be caused in three ways: (i) direct cytotoxic effect against the lung epithelium mediated by the activities of perforin and granzymes, (ii) FasL (Fas ligand)-induced apoptosis and/or (iii) cytokine and chemokine release. The present review considers the role of these killer cells in COPD.

How serious are health impacts in one of the most polluted regions of Central Europe?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Jiřík ◽  
Andrea Dalecká ◽  
Veronika Vašendová ◽  
Jana Janoutová ◽  
Vladimír Janout
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The long-term exposure to pollutants in ambient air is associated with higher mortality and occurrence of respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. The longitudinal cross-section study focuses on the associations between long-term exposures to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants and the prevalence and incidence of such specific diseases including immunodeficiencies. Methods: The data on health status from industrial and non-industrial regions were obtained from health documentation for a 5-year period from 2007 to 2011 and represent the whole population living in polluted (1,249,323 inhabitants) and unpolluted (631,387 inhabitants) regions. The data on concentrations of PM10, PM2,5, NO2, SO2, benzene and benzo[a]pyrene were collected. The concentrations of pollutants were estimated from measured data by using dispersion models. The average population-weighted concentration of pollutants, which is representative for a defined geographic area and time period from 2007 to 2011, was calculated from the obtained data. The logistic regression and the Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test were used to determine the odds ratios (OR) and p-values for a linear trend. Moreover, the relative risks of mortality and morbidity to specific diseases were calculated according to theoretical dose-response association published by World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The probability of incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma is statistically significantly higher in the population living in the polluted region compared to the population living in the unpolluted region. The association between long-term exposure to pollutants and the prevalence of immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects (D80) was confirmed. The strongest association was found for exposures to particulate matter (PM2,5). The prevalence of immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects was also observed in both regions depending on the age of the population and statistically significant difference was only found in the group of adults (20 and over). Conclusion: These associations encourage the hypothesis, that the long-term exposure to PM2.5 might cause the activation of cellular immune response. Further research is needed to explore the correlative immunoregulatory mechanism linking PM2.5 (or other pollutants – SO2) and immune cells. Nowadays, it is also believed that these associations are important in the increase of incidence of immune inflammatory response which is proven risk factor for cardiovascular disease (atherosclerotic disease, coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death). Positive association between long-term exposure and prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease might be skewed due to important socio-economic factors (especially smoking).

scholarly journals HRV Analysis: A Clinical and Diagnostic Tool in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Fernanda Barbosa Bernardo ◽  
Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei ◽  
David M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dynamical Condition ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Heart Rate Dynamics ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study’s aim is to analyze heart rate dynamics in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by measures of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a simple and noninvasive measure of autonomic impulses. 38 adults were divided into two equal groups based on respiratory function: COPD and normal. HRV was monitored in the supine position for 30 minutes. After tests of normality, Kruskal-Wallis was used for the statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Principal component analysis identified two components representing 99.5% of total variance. Furthermore, it is suggested that the chaos forward parameter (CFP) which applies all three “chaotic globals” is the most influential, although others are statistically more significant. The COPD subjects exhibited a decrease in the CFP. COPD can be termed a dynamical condition, decreasing the chaotic response. The perceived benefits of such analysis include quantitative assessment and suitable pharmacological intervention in the respiratory condition, especially of other related dynamical diseases such as cardiac failure.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE: HYPODIAGNISTICS OR HYPERDIAGNOSTICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Nataliya Cherepii ◽  
Lesia Rasputina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Severity Degree

According to the data of the world statistics there is observed the continuous growth of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to the last data of the World health organization (WHO), for today there is near 250 mln persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and this disease becomes as cause of death of near 3 mln persons annually. Aim: to establish the prevalence of undiagnosed chronic pulmonary disease (COPD) among persons, who consider themselves as healthy ones and regularly undergo medical check-ups; to estimate the frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to the data of medical documentation. Methods and materials: 525 persons, older than 35, who did not have in an anamnesis any chronic diseases of respiratory tract, were interrogated. At the following stage, persons, who had taken 18 points or more underwent a spirography with bronchodilatation test, using 400 mcg of salbutamol and were interrogated by the modified questionnaire of short breath by the medical research council (MRC) and test of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease estimation (COPD) (TEC). There were examined 136 patients, mean age (51,5±0,8), men were 81(59,5 %) mean age (52,2±1,1) and women – 55(40,4 %) mean age (50,7±0,9). There were analyzed 56 medical stories of patients, treated at therapeutic departments of the city clinic because of internal organs diseases with the concomitant diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among persons with first revealed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease у 21 (26,6 %) was reveled І severity degree according to GOLD, in 26 persons (32,9 %) – GOLD ІІ, in 28 (35,4 %) – GOLD ІІІ, in 4 (5,1 %) – GOLD ІV severity degree, so 32 patients did not receive basic treatment at all. At the same time among patients with COPD diagnosis in medical documentation only in 38,4 % this diagnosis was spirographically verified, the hyperdiagnostics of disease on the base of complaints and age characteristic took place in other cases.

scholarly journals The GOLD Summit on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. G. Halpin ◽  
B. R. Celli ◽  
G. J. Criner ◽  
P. Frith ◽  
M. V. López Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top three causes of death worldwide, but governments and non-governmental organisations have not given its prevention and treatment the priority it requires. This is particularly true in low- and middle-income countries, where most of the people suffering from this disease live. The United Nations (UN) has targeted a reduction of premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by a third by 2030; however, a coordinated UN/World Health Organization (WHO) strategy to address the burden of COPD (one of the most important NCDs) is still lacking. To explore the extent of the problem and inform the development of policies to improve the situation, the Board of Directors of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) held a 1-day Summit. The key themes that emerged were the need to ensure accurate data on prevalence, raise awareness of the disease among the public, healthcare professionals and governments, including the fact that COPD aetiology goes beyond smoking (and other inhaled pollutants) and includes poor lung development in early life, and ensure that spirometry and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are available and affordable. Here, we present the actions that must be taken to address the impact of COPD. We believe that the WHO is particularly well-positioned to co-ordinate an attack on COPD, and GOLD will do all it can to help and rally support.

scholarly journals UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLE VOLUME AND FUNCTION AS INDICATORS OF PRE-FRAILTY IN OLDER ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. Miyamoto ◽  
M. Kaneko ◽  
E. Miyamoto ◽  
M. Kaneko ◽  
S. Ichimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
And Function

Background: In a survey of 2004 conducted by World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is proved third leading cause of death worldwide and develops frailty. However, the differences between pre-frailty and non-frailty or frailty are not well studied. Objective: To examine the working hypothesis that there is differences in phenotypes between pre-frailty and non-frailty or frailty in patients with COPD. Design and setting: This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants: Patients with consecutive COPD male patients, whose age is 50 year-old or older, visited COPD outpatient clinic at single institute, between 2011, March and August, were eligible. Measurements: The data categorized into seven domains according to Fried’s phenotypic criteria were collected in all subjects divided into three groups: non-, pre-, and frailty. All data was compared between two of three groups. Results: Pre-frail COPD patients showed declines in upper extremities’ muscle volume and functions assessed by arm muscle area and hand-grip strength (P<0.05) compared with data in non-frailty group. This was different from results of comparison data between pre- and frailty group where lower extremities’ muscle data showed statistically different (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our observation could be interpreted that declines in upper extremities’ muscle volume and function might precede in comparison pre-frailty with non-frailty COPD patients. This might be an early predictor to progressing the severity of COPD in pre-frail COPD patients and might be potential factor to prevent deterioration of frailty and COPD severity.

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