scholarly journals Intraoperative Serosal Extracellular Mapping of the Human Distal Colon: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Y Lin ◽  
Chris Varghese ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Cameron Iain Wells ◽  
Niranchan Paskaranandavadivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Spike Wave

Abstract Background:Cyclic motor patterns (CMP) are the predominant motor pattern in the distal colon, and are important in both health and disease. Their origin, mechanism and relation to bioelectrical slow-waves remain incompletely understood. During abdominal surgery, an increase in the CMP occurs in the distal colon. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of detecting propagating slow waves and spike waves in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution (HR), serosal electrical mapping. Methods:HR electrical recordings were obtained from the distal colon using validated flexible PCB arrays (6 x 16 electrodes; 4 mm inter-electrode spacing; 2.4 cm2, 0.3 mm diameter) for up to 15 minutes. Passive unipolar signals were obtained and analysed.Results:Eleven patients (33-71 years; six females) undergoing colorectal surgery under general anaesthesia (4 with epidurals) were recruited. After artifact removal and comprehensive manual and automated analytics, events consistent with regular propagating activity between 2-6 cpm were not identified in any patient. Intermittent clusters of spike-like activities lasting 10-180 s with frequencies of each cluster ranging between 24-42 cpm, and an average amplitude of 0.54 ± 0.37 mV were recorded.Conclusions:Intra-operative colonic serosal mapping in humans is feasible, but unlike in the stomach and small bowel, revealed no regular propagating electrical activity, although sporadic, synchronous spike-wave events were identifiable. Alternative techniques are required to characterise the mechanisms underlying the hyperactive CMP observed in the intra- and post-operative period.

scholarly journals Intraoperative serosal extracellular mapping of the human distal colon: a feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Y. Lin ◽  
Chris Varghese ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Cameron I. Wells ◽  
Niranchan Paskaranandavadivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Electrical Mapping ◽  
Spike Wave

Abstract Background Cyclic motor patterns (CMP) are the predominant motor pattern in the distal colon, and are important in both health and disease. Their origin, mechanism and relation to bioelectrical slow-waves remain incompletely understood. During abdominal surgery, an increase in the CMP occurs in the distal colon. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of detecting propagating slow waves and spike waves in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution (HR), serosal electrical mapping. Methods HR electrical recordings were obtained from the distal colon using validated flexible PCB arrays (6 × 16 electrodes; 4 mm inter-electrode spacing; 2.4 cm2, 0.3 mm diameter) for up to 15 min. Passive unipolar signals were obtained and analysed. Results Eleven patients (33–71 years; 6 females) undergoing colorectal surgery under general anaesthesia (4 with epidurals) were recruited. After artefact removal and comprehensive manual and automated analytics, events consistent with regular propagating activity between 2 and 6 cpm were not identified in any patient. Intermittent clusters of spike-like activities lasting 10–180 s with frequencies of each cluster ranging between 24 and 42 cpm, and an average amplitude of 0.54 ± 0.37 mV were recorded. Conclusions Intraoperative colonic serosal mapping in humans is feasible, but unlike in the stomach and small bowel, revealed no regular propagating electrical activity. Although sporadic, synchronous spike-wave events were identifiable. Alternative techniques are required to characterise the mechanisms underlying the hyperactive CMP observed in the intra- and post-operative period. New findings The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of detecting propagating electrical activity that may correlate to the cyclic motor pattern in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution, serosal electrical mapping. High-resolution electrical mapping of the human colon revealed no regular propagating activity, but does reveal sporadic spike-wave events. These findings indicate that further research into appropriate techniques is required to identify the mechanism of hyperactive cyclic motor pattern observed in the intra- and post-operative period in humans.

Haustral boundary contractions in the proximal 3-taeniated rabbit colon

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. G181-G192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hong Chen ◽  
Zixian Yang ◽  
Yuanjie Yu ◽  
Jan D. Huizinga
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Induced Folding ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The rabbit proximal colon is similar in structure to the human colon. Our objective was to study interactions of different rhythmic motor patterns focusing on haustral boundary contractions, which create the haustra, using spatiotemporal mapping of video recordings. Haustral boundary contractions were seen as highly rhythmic circumferential ring contractions that propagated slowly across the proximal colon, preferentially but not exclusively in the anal direction, at ∼0.5 cycles per minute; they were abolished by nerve conduction blockers. When multiple haustral boundary contractions propagated in the opposite direction, they annihilated each other upon encounter. Ripples, myogenic propagating ring contractions at ∼9 cycles per min, induced folding and unfolding of haustral muscle folds, creating an anarchic appearance of contractile activity, with different patterns in the three intertaenial regions. Two features of ripple activity were prominent: frequent changes in propagation direction and the occurrence of dislocations showing a frequency gradient with the highest intrinsic frequency in the distal colon. The haustral boundary contractions showed an on/off/on/off pattern at the ripple frequency, and the contraction amplitude at any point of the colon showed waxing and waning. The haustral boundary contractions are therefore shaped by interaction of two pacemaker activities hypothesized to occur through phase-amplitude coupling of pacemaker activities from interstitial cells of Cajal of the myenteric plexus and of the submuscular plexus. Video evidence shows the unique role haustral folds play in shaping contractile activity within the haustra. Muscarinic agents not only enhance the force of contraction, they can eliminate one and at the same time induce another neurally dependent motor pattern.

Neurogenic and myogenic motor patterns of rabbit proximal, mid, and distal colon

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. G83-G92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Dinning ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
S. J. Brookes ◽  
N. J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Distinct Region ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Rabbit Colon ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The rabbit colon consists of four distinct regions. The motility of each region is controlled by myogenic and neurogenic mechanisms. Associating these mechanisms with specific motor patterns throughout all regions of the colon has not previously been achieved. Three sections of the colon (the proximal, mid, and distal colon) were removed from euthanized rabbits. The proximal colon consists of a triply teniated region and a single tenia region. Spatio-temporal maps were constructed from video recordings of colonic wall diameter, with associated intraluminal pressure recorded from the aboral end. Hexamethonium (100 μM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.6 μM) were used to inhibit neural activity. Four distinct patterns of motility were detected: 1 myogenic and 3 neurogenic. The myogenic activity consisted of circular muscle (CM) contractions (ripples) that occurred throughout the colon and propagated in both antegrade (anal) and retrograde (oral) directions. The neural activity of the proximal colon consisted of slowly (0.1 mm/s) propagating colonic migrating motor complexes, which were abolished by hexamethonium. These complexes were observed in the region of the proximal colon with a single band of tenia. In the distal colon, tetrodotoxin-sensitive, thus neurally mediated, but hexamethonium-resistant, peristaltic (anal) and antiperistaltic (oral) contractions were identified. The distinct patterns of neurogenic and myogenic motor activity recorded from isolated rabbit colon are specific to each anatomically distinct region. The regional specificity motor pattern is likely to facilitate orderly transit of colonic content from semi-liquid to solid composition of feces.

scholarly journals A232 AUTONOMIC FUNCTION ANALYSIS VIA HEART RATE VARIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH PROPULSIVE MOTOR PATTERNS OF THE HUMAN COLON

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 280-282
Author(s):  
M Ali ◽  
L Liu ◽  
J Chen ◽  
J D Huizinga
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

Abstract Background Although parasympathetic activity is the primary driver of colonic propulsive activity, and sympathetic activity a major inhibitor of colonic motility, they are rarely measured and almost play no role in diagnosis of dysfunction or standard treatments. Aims Our aim was to develop assessment of autonomic nervous system activity associated with the major propulsive motor patterns, an essential part of defecation reflexes in the human colon orchestrated by neural reflexes. Methods One hundred and forty-five motor patterns were recorded from eleven healthy volunteers using high resolution colonic manometry (HRCM) with concurrent electro- and impedance cardiography to evaluate changes in parameters of heart rate variability (HRV). Results High-amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs) that often start in the proximal colon, traverse distally and end with anal sphincter relaxation, were associated with a 8.2% (P<0.02) increase in the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) value, a 24.6% increase in the root mean square of successive differences of beat to beat intervals (RMSSD), indicated a strong parasympathetic reactivity that subsided within 2 min of termination of the HAPW (Figure 1). The measure of sympathetic reactivity to motor patterns was best reflected by the Baevsky Stress Index (or Sympathetic Index, SI) that reduced by 45% (P<0.02). We developed a measure of autonomic balance, the SI/RSA ratio that changed from 18.8 to 8.7 (54%; P<0.01) during motor activity and recovered to 16.1 immediately after (P<0.005). The SI/RMSSD reduced by 65% (P<0.01). When HAPWs occurred in quick succession, the parasympathetic activity showed rhythmicity at the HAPW frequency that slowly terminated when motor activity stopped. During motor activity, the heart rate did not significantly change. Conclusions The major propulsive motor pattern of the human colon, the HAPW as measured by HRCM that is part of the major defecation reflexes, is associated with marked changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic activity that is reflected and measurable as heart rate variability parameters. This opens the way to evaluate autonomic dysfunction in patients with colon motor disorders. Funding Agencies CIHRNSERC, Farncombe Institute

Slow active potentials and bursting motor patterns in pyloric network of the lobster, Panulirus interruptus

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Russell ◽  
D. K. Hartline
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Plateau Potentials ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Panulirus Interruptus ◽  
Pyloric Network ◽  
Current Pulses ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
High Level

1. Neurons in the central pattern generator for the "pyloric" motor rhythm of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion were investigated for the possible involvement of regenerative membrane properties in their membrane-potential oscillations and bursting output patterns. 2. Evidence was found that each class of pyloric-system neurons can possess a capability for generating prolonged regenerative depolarizations by a voltage-dependent membrane mechanism. Such responses have been termed plateau potentials. 3. Several tests were applied to determine whether a given cell possessed a plateau capability. First among these was the ability to trigger all-or-none bursts of nerve impulses by brief depolarizing current pulses and to terminate bursts in an all-or-none fashion with brief hyperpolarizing current pulses. Tests were made under conditions of a high level of activity in the pyloric generator, often in conjunction with the use of hyperpolarizing offsets to the cell under test to suppress ongoing bursting. 4. For each class, the network of synaptic interconnections among the pyloric-system neurons was shown to not be the cause of the regenerative responses observed. 5. Plateau potentials are viewed as a driving force for axon spiking during bursts and as interacting with the synaptic network in the formation of the pyloric motor pattern.

Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marder ◽  
R. L. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Rhythmic Motor ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Motor Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Motor Pattern

Rhythmic movements are produced by central pattern-generating networks whose output is shaped by sensory and neuromodulatory inputs to allow the animal to adapt its movements to changing needs. This review discusses cellular, circuit, and computational analyses of the mechanisms underlying the generation of rhythmic movements in both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. Attention is paid to exploring the mechanisms by which synaptic and cellular processes interact to play specific roles in shaping motor patterns and, consequently, movement.

Peptidergic modulation of a multioscillator system in the lobster. I. Activation of the cardiac sac motor pattern by the neuropeptides proctolin and red pigment-concentrating hormone

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Dickinson ◽  
E. Marder
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Stomatogastric Ganglion ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Stomatogastric Nervous System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Neuronal Element

1. The cardiac sac motor pattern consists of slow and irregular impulse bursts in the motor neurons [cardiac sac dilator 1 and 2 (CD1 and CD2)] that innervate the dilator muscles of the cardiac sac region of the crustacean foregut. 2. The effects of the peptides, proctolin and red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH), on the cardiac sac motor patterns produced by in vitro preparations of the combined stomatogastric nervous system [the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), the paired commissural ganglia (CGs), and the oesophageal ganglion (OG)] were studied. 3. Bath applications of either RPCH or proctolin activated the cardiac sac motor pattern when this motor pattern was not already active and increased the frequency of the cardiac sac motor pattern in slowly active preparations. 4. The somata of CD1 and CD2 are located in the esophageal and stomatogastric ganglia, respectively. Both neurons project to all four of the ganglia of the stomatogastric nervous system. RPCH elicited cardiac sac motor patterns when applied to any region of the stomatogastric nervous system, suggesting a distributed pattern generating network with multiple sites of modulation. 5. The anterior median (AM) neuron innervates the constrictor muscles of the cardiac sac. The AM usually functions as a part of the gastric mill pattern generator. However, when the cardiac sac is activated by RPCH applied to the stomatogastric ganglion, the AM neuron becomes active in antiphase with the cardiac sac dilator bursts. This converts the cardiac sac motor pattern from a one-phase rhythm to a two-phase rhythm. 6. These data show that a neuropeptide can cause a neuronal element to switch from being solely a component of one neuronal circuit to functioning in a second one as well. This example shows that peptidergic "reconfiguration" of neuronal networks can produce substantial changes in the behavior of associated neurons.

scholarly journals A smooth muscle tone-dependent stretch-activated migrating motor pattern in isolated guinea-pig distal colon

2003 ◽  
Vol 551 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K Smith ◽  
G. R Oliver ◽  
G. W Hennig ◽  
D. M O'Shea ◽  
P. V. Berghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tone

The effects of temperature on the burial performance and axial motor pattern of the sand-swimming of the Mojave fringe-toed lizard Uma scoparia

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (7) ◽  
pp. 1241-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Jayne ◽  
M.W. Daggy
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Anterior Trunk ◽  
Cycling Frequency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Motor

Although lateral axial bending is widespread for the locomotion of ectothermic vertebrates, the axial motor patterns of terrestrial taxa are known only for a limited number of species and behaviors. Furthermore, the extent to which the trunk and tail of ectothermic tetrapods have similar motor patterns is poorly documented. We therefore recorded the activity of the epaxial muscles in the trunk and tail of sand-swimming Mojave fringe-toed lizards (Uma scoparia) to determine whether this specialized behavior has features of the motor pattern that differ from those of diverse ectothermic vertebrates. Muscle activity during initial sand-swimming was a standing-wave pattern in the trunk and tail. Next, the hind limbs moved alternately and the caudofemoralis muscles and nearby axial muscle in the trunk and tail had similar long-duration electromyographic bursts, whereas the anterior trunk had shorter, more frequent electromyographic bursts. The final tail burial involved a traveling wave of posteriorly propagated axial muscle activity within localized regions of the tail. With increased temperature (from 22 to 40 degrees C), the mean frequencies of axial oscillations increased from approximately 7 to 21 Hz, and the greatest value (33 Hz) was nearly twice the maximal limb cycling frequency during running. The mean burial time at the lowest temperature (3.8 s) was nearly twice that for a 10 degrees C higher temperature. For the axial electromyograms, a decrease in temperature of 18 degrees C more than doubled the electromyographic and cycle durations, whereas the duty factors and intersegmental phase lags changed only slightly with temperature.

Motor patterns of labriform locomotion: kinematic and electromyographic analysis of pectoral fin swimming in the labrid fish Gomphosus varius

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (13) ◽  
pp. 1881-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Westneat ◽  
J Walker
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Emg Patterns ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

Labriform locomotion is a widespread swimming mechanism in fishes during which propulsive forces are generated by oscillating the pectoral fins. We examined the activity of the six major muscles that power the pectoral fin of the bird wrasse Gomphosus varius (Labridae: Perciformes). The muscles studied included the fin abductors (arrector ventralis, abductor superficialis and abductor profundus) and the fin adductors (arrector dorsalis, adductor superficialis and adductor profundus). Our goals were to determine the pattern of muscle activity that drives the fins in abduction and adduction cycles during pectoral fin locomotion, to examine changes in the timing and amplitude of electromyographic (EMG) patterns with increases in swimming speed and to correlate EMG patterns with the kinematics of pectoral fin propulsion. EMG data were recorded from three individuals over a range of swimming speeds from 15 to 70 cm s-1 (1­4.8 TL s-1, where TL is total body length). The basic motor pattern of pectoral propulsion is alternating activity of the antagonist abductor and adductor groups. The downstroke is characterized by activity of the arrector ventralis muscle before the other abductors, whereas the upstroke involves nearly synchronous activity of the three adductors. Most EMG variables (duration, onset time, amplitude and integrated area) showed significant correlations with swimming speeds. However, the timing and duration of muscle activity are relatively constant across speeds when expressed as a fraction of the stride period, which decreases with increased velocity. Synchronous recordings of kinematic data (maximal abduction and adduction) with EMG data revealed that activity in the abductors began after maximal adduction and that activity in the adductors began nearly synchronously with maximal abduction. Thus, the pectoral fin mechanism of G. varius is activated by positive work from both abductor and adductor muscle groups over most of the range of swimming speeds. The adductors produce some negative work only at the highest swimming velocities. We combine information from pectoral fin morphology, swimming kinematics and motor patterns to interpret the musculoskeletal mechanism of pectoral propulsion in labrid fishes.

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