Haustral boundary contractions in the proximal 3-taeniated rabbit colon

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. G181-G192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hong Chen ◽  
Zixian Yang ◽  
Yuanjie Yu ◽  
Jan D. Huizinga
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Induced Folding ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The rabbit proximal colon is similar in structure to the human colon. Our objective was to study interactions of different rhythmic motor patterns focusing on haustral boundary contractions, which create the haustra, using spatiotemporal mapping of video recordings. Haustral boundary contractions were seen as highly rhythmic circumferential ring contractions that propagated slowly across the proximal colon, preferentially but not exclusively in the anal direction, at ∼0.5 cycles per minute; they were abolished by nerve conduction blockers. When multiple haustral boundary contractions propagated in the opposite direction, they annihilated each other upon encounter. Ripples, myogenic propagating ring contractions at ∼9 cycles per min, induced folding and unfolding of haustral muscle folds, creating an anarchic appearance of contractile activity, with different patterns in the three intertaenial regions. Two features of ripple activity were prominent: frequent changes in propagation direction and the occurrence of dislocations showing a frequency gradient with the highest intrinsic frequency in the distal colon. The haustral boundary contractions showed an on/off/on/off pattern at the ripple frequency, and the contraction amplitude at any point of the colon showed waxing and waning. The haustral boundary contractions are therefore shaped by interaction of two pacemaker activities hypothesized to occur through phase-amplitude coupling of pacemaker activities from interstitial cells of Cajal of the myenteric plexus and of the submuscular plexus. Video evidence shows the unique role haustral folds play in shaping contractile activity within the haustra. Muscarinic agents not only enhance the force of contraction, they can eliminate one and at the same time induce another neurally dependent motor pattern.

scholarly journals Intraoperative Serosal Extracellular Mapping of the Human Distal Colon: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Y Lin ◽  
Chris Varghese ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Cameron Iain Wells ◽  
Niranchan Paskaranandavadivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Spike Wave

Abstract Background:Cyclic motor patterns (CMP) are the predominant motor pattern in the distal colon, and are important in both health and disease. Their origin, mechanism and relation to bioelectrical slow-waves remain incompletely understood. During abdominal surgery, an increase in the CMP occurs in the distal colon. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of detecting propagating slow waves and spike waves in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution (HR), serosal electrical mapping. Methods:HR electrical recordings were obtained from the distal colon using validated flexible PCB arrays (6 x 16 electrodes; 4 mm inter-electrode spacing; 2.4 cm2, 0.3 mm diameter) for up to 15 minutes. Passive unipolar signals were obtained and analysed.Results:Eleven patients (33-71 years; six females) undergoing colorectal surgery under general anaesthesia (4 with epidurals) were recruited. After artifact removal and comprehensive manual and automated analytics, events consistent with regular propagating activity between 2-6 cpm were not identified in any patient. Intermittent clusters of spike-like activities lasting 10-180 s with frequencies of each cluster ranging between 24-42 cpm, and an average amplitude of 0.54 ± 0.37 mV were recorded.Conclusions:Intra-operative colonic serosal mapping in humans is feasible, but unlike in the stomach and small bowel, revealed no regular propagating electrical activity, although sporadic, synchronous spike-wave events were identifiable. Alternative techniques are required to characterise the mechanisms underlying the hyperactive CMP observed in the intra- and post-operative period.

Neurogenic and myogenic motor patterns of rabbit proximal, mid, and distal colon

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. G83-G92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Dinning ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
S. J. Brookes ◽  
N. J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Distinct Region ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Rabbit Colon ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The rabbit colon consists of four distinct regions. The motility of each region is controlled by myogenic and neurogenic mechanisms. Associating these mechanisms with specific motor patterns throughout all regions of the colon has not previously been achieved. Three sections of the colon (the proximal, mid, and distal colon) were removed from euthanized rabbits. The proximal colon consists of a triply teniated region and a single tenia region. Spatio-temporal maps were constructed from video recordings of colonic wall diameter, with associated intraluminal pressure recorded from the aboral end. Hexamethonium (100 μM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.6 μM) were used to inhibit neural activity. Four distinct patterns of motility were detected: 1 myogenic and 3 neurogenic. The myogenic activity consisted of circular muscle (CM) contractions (ripples) that occurred throughout the colon and propagated in both antegrade (anal) and retrograde (oral) directions. The neural activity of the proximal colon consisted of slowly (0.1 mm/s) propagating colonic migrating motor complexes, which were abolished by hexamethonium. These complexes were observed in the region of the proximal colon with a single band of tenia. In the distal colon, tetrodotoxin-sensitive, thus neurally mediated, but hexamethonium-resistant, peristaltic (anal) and antiperistaltic (oral) contractions were identified. The distinct patterns of neurogenic and myogenic motor activity recorded from isolated rabbit colon are specific to each anatomically distinct region. The regional specificity motor pattern is likely to facilitate orderly transit of colonic content from semi-liquid to solid composition of feces.

Neurohumoral control of colonic motility in the rabbit

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. G582-G588 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Snape ◽  
S. Shiff
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Cholinergic Stimulation ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Neurohumoral Control ◽  
Alpha Adrenergic Agonist

Colonic motility was examined in the proximal (taeniated) and distal (nontaeniated) colon of New Zealand White rabbits. Colonic myoelectric and contractile activities were recorded by bipolar electrodes and extraluminal strain gauges sewn on the antimesenteric serosal surface of the proximal and distal colon. Slow-wave frequency consistently was slower in the proximal colon (13.2 +/- 0.9) compared with the distal colon (15.8 +/- 1.2) (P less than 0.05). During the control period 81.8 +/- 5.2% of slow waves have superimposed spike potentials in the proximal colon. The distal colon had similar amounts of spike activity. The distal colon had increased base-line contractility (P less than 0.02). Atropine inhibited spike and contractile activity on both sides of the colon, but the distal colon still had more contractile activity than the proximal colon (P less than 0.02). The alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and antagonist phentolamine had no effect on colonic motility. Isoproterenol inhibited colonic smooth muscle spike and contractile activity. This effect was blocked by propranolol. Administration of trimethaphan camsylate caused an increase in spike and contractile activity only in the distal colon. The effect of trimethaphan on the distal colon was inhibited by atropine. These studies show that 1) tonic cholinergic stimulation exists both in the proximal and in the distal colon, 2) circulating catecholamines have minimal effect on base-line colonic motility, and 3) tonic nonadrenergic inhibition of the distal colon modulates the tonic cholinergic stimulation.

Effects of physical exercise on colonic motor activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (4) ◽  
pp. G646-G652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dapoigny ◽  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity

We investigated the effect of physical exercise on colonic motor activity in the fasted and fed states in six conscious dogs. Each dog was implanted with nine strain gauge transducers: three on the proximal, three on the middle, and three on the distal colon. The dogs ran for 1 h on a treadmill at 5 km/h (slope 5%). In the fasted state, the dogs exercised during the 5th h of recording after an overnight fast, and in the fed state during the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postprandial hour. In the fasted state, exercise significantly decreased the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes (MMCs) but had no effect on the total or the mean duration of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. Postprandially, exercise disrupted colonic MMCs and replaced them with nonmigrating motor complexes in all three periods of exercise (1st, 3rd, and 6th h). Exercise also increased the total duration per hour of contractile activity throughout the colon during the 1st and 3rd h and only in the distal colon during the 6th h after the meal. The dogs never defecated during rest in the fasted or the fed state. Shortly after the start of exercise in the fasted and fed states, giant migrating contractions (GMCs) occurred, and they were followed by defecation. In approximately 40% of the experiments, another GMC originated in the proximal colon, approximately 10 min after the first defecation, and migrated caudad up to the middle colon. These GMCs were not associated with defecation but caused mass movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Intraoperative serosal extracellular mapping of the human distal colon: a feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Y. Lin ◽  
Chris Varghese ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Cameron I. Wells ◽  
Niranchan Paskaranandavadivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Electrical Mapping ◽  
Spike Wave

Abstract Background Cyclic motor patterns (CMP) are the predominant motor pattern in the distal colon, and are important in both health and disease. Their origin, mechanism and relation to bioelectrical slow-waves remain incompletely understood. During abdominal surgery, an increase in the CMP occurs in the distal colon. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of detecting propagating slow waves and spike waves in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution (HR), serosal electrical mapping. Methods HR electrical recordings were obtained from the distal colon using validated flexible PCB arrays (6 × 16 electrodes; 4 mm inter-electrode spacing; 2.4 cm2, 0.3 mm diameter) for up to 15 min. Passive unipolar signals were obtained and analysed. Results Eleven patients (33–71 years; 6 females) undergoing colorectal surgery under general anaesthesia (4 with epidurals) were recruited. After artefact removal and comprehensive manual and automated analytics, events consistent with regular propagating activity between 2 and 6 cpm were not identified in any patient. Intermittent clusters of spike-like activities lasting 10–180 s with frequencies of each cluster ranging between 24 and 42 cpm, and an average amplitude of 0.54 ± 0.37 mV were recorded. Conclusions Intraoperative colonic serosal mapping in humans is feasible, but unlike in the stomach and small bowel, revealed no regular propagating electrical activity. Although sporadic, synchronous spike-wave events were identifiable. Alternative techniques are required to characterise the mechanisms underlying the hyperactive CMP observed in the intra- and post-operative period. New findings The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of detecting propagating electrical activity that may correlate to the cyclic motor pattern in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution, serosal electrical mapping. High-resolution electrical mapping of the human colon revealed no regular propagating activity, but does reveal sporadic spike-wave events. These findings indicate that further research into appropriate techniques is required to identify the mechanism of hyperactive cyclic motor pattern observed in the intra- and post-operative period in humans.

Effect of fluid perfusion and cleansing on canine colonic motor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. G62-G68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the effect of absorbable and nonabsorbable fluid perfusion and cleansing on colonic motor activity in eight intact conscious dogs. Each dog was instrumented with an indwelling catheter in the proximal colon and seven strain gauge transducers on the entire colon. After an overnight fast, a control recording was made for 3 h, followed by 3 h of perfusion and 3 additional h of postperfusion recording. Next day, a 3-h recording was made when the colon was empty. The colon exhibited normal migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in the control uncleansed state. The perfusion of absorbable electrolyte or nonabsorbable Colyte solution immediately disrupted the migrating motor complexes and replaced them with almost continuous but irregular contractions at all recording sites. Both solutions significantly prolonged the mean and total duration per hour of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. The dogs began to leak fluid stools in squirts approximately 40-80 min after the start of perfusion. This type of incontinence was not associated with any specific type of motor activity. Infrequently, giant migrating contractions occurred during perfusion and caused explosive diarrhea. The migrating motor complexes remained disrupted during the 3-h postperfusion period. However, on the next day, the empty colon exhibited normal migrating motor complexes. The frequency of giant migrating contractions during perfusion and in the empty colon was significantly greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. The total duration per hour of colonic motor activity in the empty colon was also greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. We conclude that excessive fluid in the colon significantly alters its motor pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Interstitial cells of Cajal and human colon motility in health and disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan D. Huizinga ◽  
Amer Hussain ◽  
Ji-Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Our understanding of human colonic motility, and autonomic reflexes that generate motor patterns, has increased markedly through high-resolution manometry. Details of the motor patterns are emerging related to frequency and propagation characteristics that allow linkage to interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) networks. In studies on colonic motor dysfunction requiring surgery, ICC are almost always abnormal or significantly reduced. However, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the role of ICC in the control of colonic motility and there is little understanding of a mechanistic link between ICC abnormalities and colonic motor dysfunction. This review will outline the various ICC networks in the human colon and their proven and likely associations with the enteric and extrinsic autonomic nervous systems. Based on our extensive knowledge of the role of ICC in the control of gastrointestinal motility of animal models and the human stomach and small intestine, we propose how ICC networks are underlying the motor patterns of the human colon. The role of ICC will be reviewed in the autonomic neural reflexes that evoke essential motor patterns for transit and defecation. Mechanisms underlying ICC injury, maintenance, and repair will be discussed. Hypotheses are formulated as to how ICC dysfunction can lead to motor abnormalities in slow transit constipation, chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction, Hirschsprung's disease, fecal incontinence, diverticular disease, and inflammatory conditions. Recent studies on ICC repair after injury hold promise for future therapies.

scholarly journals Regional complexity in enteric neuron wiring reflects diversity of motility patterns in the mouse large intestine

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiling Li ◽  
Marlene M Hao ◽  
Chris Van den Haute ◽  
Veerle Baekelandt ◽  
Werend Boesmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Circuit Complexity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Enteric Neuron ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Neuronal Tracing ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Circuit Components

The enteric nervous system controls a variety of gastrointestinal functions including intestinal motility. The minimal neuronal circuit necessary to direct peristalsis is well-characterized but several intestinal regions display also other motility patterns for which the underlying circuits and connectivity schemes that coordinate the transition between those patterns are poorly understood. We investigated whether in regions with a richer palette of motility patterns, the underlying nerve circuits reflect this complexity. Using Ca2+ imaging, we determined the location and response fingerprint of large populations of enteric neurons upon focal network stimulation. Complemented by neuronal tracing and volumetric reconstructions of synaptic contacts, this shows that the multifunctional proximal colon requires specific additional circuit components as compared to the distal colon, where peristalsis is the predominant motility pattern. Our study reveals that motility control is hard-wired in the enteric neural networks and that circuit complexity matches the motor pattern portfolio of specific intestinal regions.

Distribution of ICC and motor response characteristics in urinary bladders reconstructed from human ileum

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. G147-G157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Faussone-Pellegrini ◽  
S. Serni ◽  
M. Carini
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Bladder Reconstruction ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Two Populations

Motor patterns, intraluminal pressures, volume capacity, and histoanatomic characteristics were studied in full thickness specimens from ileal reservoirs (orthotopic ileal bladders) removed during corrective surgery. Contractile activity was recorded in situ before corrective surgery. Morphological examination was performed with both light and electron microscopy. Two populations of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were identified: ICC at the level of the deep muscular plexus (ICC-DMP) and ICC at the level of the myenteric plexus (ICC-MP). The ileal reservoirs left as tubes generated phasic activity when filled with liquid, and all retained the ICC-MP; however, after extended periods (e.g., 8 yr), these reservoirs lost the ICC-DMP and were less responsive to distension. The detubularized ileal reservoirs were not responsive to distension and did not generate phasic activity; none had ICC-DMP and all had a disrupted ICC-MP network. In conclusion, motor patterns were found to be specific for each type of reservoir, and the two populations of ICC had characteristics specific for the type of bladder reconstruction.

Effects of PGF2 alpha and of indomethacin on rabbit small and large intestinal motility in vivo

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. G231-G237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Burakoff ◽  
E. Nastos ◽  
S. Won
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Rabbit Ileum ◽  
Spike Potential ◽  
Potential Frequency

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) has been shown to increase contractility in the small intestine and colon in vitro, and increased mucosal prostaglandin synthesis has been reported in ulcerative colitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PGF2 alpha and of indomethacin on myoelectric and contractile activity in the rabbit ileum and colon in vivo. PGF2 alpha caused an increase in spike potential frequency and contractile activity in the terminal ileum and proximal and distal colon. Indomethacin alone increased spike potential frequency and contractile activity in the terminal ileum and proximal colon but decreased myoelectric activity in the distal colon. It is concluded that PGF2 alpha may play an important role in modulating intestinal motility, especially in the distal colon but to a lesser extent in the terminal ileum and proximal colon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document