scholarly journals Air Quality of Work, Residential, and Traffic Areas During the COVID-19 Lockdown with Insights to Improve Air Quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badr H Alharbi ◽  
Hatem A Alhazmi ◽  
Zaid Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Work Site ◽  
Residential Site ◽  
Traffic Site ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract This study investigated the concentrations of air pollutants (NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) at three sites with different traffic loads (work, residential, and traffic sites) before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and associated potential pollution control implications of the lockdown on the quality of ambient air at three selected sites in the urban area of Riyadh City. The average concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, and CO decreased during the lockdown period by 73%, 44%, 53%, and 32% at the work site, 222%, 85%, 100%, and 60% at the residential site, and 133%, 60%, 101%, and 103% at the traffic site relative to the pre-lockdown period, respectively. The average concentration of O3 increased by 6% at the work site, whereas the concentration of SO2 increased by 27% at the residential site and decreased by 6.5% at the work site. The changes in PM10 and PM2.5 varied and did not exhibit a clear pattern. The air quality index (AQI) results indicated that the contribution to “undesired” air quality by O3 was 35.29% of the lockdown period at the work site while contributions to undesired air quality by PM10 and PM2.5 were 75.6% and 100% at the work site, 94.5% and 100% at the residential site, and 96.7% and 100% at the traffic site, respectively. The findings of this study are useful for devising effective urban pollution abatement policies. Applying control measures comparable to the lockdown measures over one week will result in a decrease of approximately 19% and 15% in CO mean concentration and 25% and 18% in NO2 mean concentration at residential and traffic sites, respectively. Significant mitigation of urban air pollution could be accomplished through intermittent implementations of strict pollution control measures.

scholarly journals Air Quality of Work, Residential, and Traffic Areas during the COVID-19 Lockdown with Insights to Improve Air Quality

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Badr H. Alharbi ◽  
Hatem A. Alhazmi ◽  
Zaid M. Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Work Site ◽  
Residential Site ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Traffic Site ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study investigated the concentrations of air pollutants (NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) at three sites with different traffic loads (work, residential, and traffic sites) before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and associated potential pollution control implications of the lockdown on the quality of ambient air at three selected sites in the urban area of Riyadh City. The average concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, and CO decreased during the lockdown period by 73%, 44%, 53%, and 32% at the work site; 222%, 85%, 100%, and 60% at the residential site; and 133%, 60%, 101%, and 103% at the traffic site relative to the pre-lockdown period, respectively. The average concentration of O3 increased by 6% at the work site, whereas the concentration of SO2 increased by 27% at the residential site and decreased by 6.5% at the work site. The changes in PM10 and PM2.5 varied and did not exhibit a clear pattern. The air quality index (AQI) results indicated that the contribution to “undesired” air quality by O3 was 35.29% of the lockdown period at the work site while contributions to undesired air quality by PM10 and PM2.5 were 75.6% and 100% at the work site, 94.5% and 100% at the residential site, and 96.7% and 100% at the traffic site, respectively. The findings of this study are useful for devising effective urban pollution abatement policies. Applying control measures comparable to the lockdown measures over one week will result in a decrease of approximately 19% and 15% in CO mean concentration and 25% and 18% in NO2 mean concentration at residential and traffic sites, respectively.

scholarly journals Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12013-12027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Liu ◽  
X. M. Wang ◽  
J. M. Pang ◽  
K. B. He
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Abstract. Improving the air quality in China is a long and arduous task. Although China has made very aggressive plans for air pollutant control, the difficulties in achieving the new air quality goals are still significant. A lot of cities are developing their implementation plan (CIP) for new air quality goals. In this study, a southern city, Guangzhou, has been selected to analyze the feasibility and difficulties of new air quality standard compliance, as well as the CIP evaluation. A comprehensive study of the air quality status in Guangzhou and the surrounding area was conducted using 22 monitoring sites collection data for O3, PM2.5 and PM10. The monthly non-attainment rates for O3 vary from 7 to 25% for May to November. The city average PM2.5 concentration was 53 μg m−3 in Guangzhou in 2010, which needs to be reduced by at least 34% to achieve the target of 35 μg m−3. The PM2.5 high violation months are from November to March. A CIP was developed for Guangzhou, which focused on PM2.5. Based on the CIP, the emission amounts of NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 2025 would be controlled to 119, 61, 26 and 163 thousand tons, respectively, reduced by 51.9%, 55.9%, 61.8% and 41.3%, respectively, compared to 2010. Analysis of air quality using the model MM5-STEM suggests that the long-term control measures would achieve the PM2.5 and PM10 goals successfully by 2025. The PM2.5 annual average concentration would be reduced to 27 μg m−3 in 2025. However, such PM2.5-based emission control scenarios may enhance the ozone pollution problems. The O3 non-attainment rate would increase from 7.1% in 2010 to 12.9% in 2025, implying that ozone will likely become a major compliance issue with the new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). This suggests that O3 control must be taken into account while designing PM2.5 control strategies, especially PM2.5 compliance under increased atmospheric oxidation, and for VOCs / NOx reduction ratios need to be further investigated, in order to eventually achieve O3–PM2.5 co-improvement in this region or other cities.

Study on the Countermeasures of NOx Emission Reduction in Chengdu Economic Circle

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2324-2332
Author(s):  
Wen Yong Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Mean Concentration

Based on the detailed survey on the source and volume of NOx emission over Chengdu Economic Circle, the third-generation air quality model CMAQ is adopted for simulating the density of NOx in the air over Chengdu Economic Circle. The result shows that the hourly concentration, daily mean concentration and annual mean concentration of NOx in air exceed the standard data, and the affected areas respectively account for 0.2%, 0.18% and 0.12% of the total area of the economic circle. Meanwhile, in accordance with the simulation calculation, The NOX emission of the vehicle exhaust, the thermal power plant and the cement plant are the major NOX concentration contribution sources in air, contribution rate is amounting to 39.13%, 21.41% and 15.34% respectively. Thus, three main measures to reduce the emission of NOx of Chengdu Economic Circle are proposed as follows: firstly, strengthen the management of vehicle and reduce the emission of NOx by the vehicle; secondly, manage the NOx of the industrial enterprise; flue gas denitrification equipment must be constructed in the thermal power plant and cement manufacturing enterprise, and the comprehensive denitration efficiency of the thermal power plant should be not less than 70% and the comprehensive denitration efficiency of the cement plant should not be less than 60%; thirdly, joint prevention and control measures should be implemented between the cities, so as to reduce the transport of NOx. With the application of the above measures, the emission reductions of NOx can be reduced to 55% of the existing volume, and the concentration of NOx in the air can meet with the Class II of national ambient air quality Standard.

scholarly journals Comparative study of Ambient Air Quality of Jalna City (MS), India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
B S Dobhal ◽  
R P Shimpi ◽  
Mazahar Farooqui
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Residential Site ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Industrial Sites

Comparative study of ambient air quality of Jalna city was carried using air quality index (AQI). Air pollutants concentration-SO2, NOx, RSPM and NRSPM at residential and industrial sites for years 2016 and 2017 were compared. The monthly, seasonal and annual AQI values determined at both residential and industrial sites for these years. Results suggest better air quality at residential site for the year 2017 than 2016. While at industrial site better air quality was observed for the year 2016 than 2017. Government regulations, effective treatments in industries, appropriate waste disposal helped in minimization of pollution levels. For both the years and at both sites annual mean concentrations of SO2 and NOx were found within the permissible limits of Indian National Ambient Air Quality standards (NAAQS), although for both the years and at both the sites RSPM and NRSPM concentrations were observed above the norms. The annual AQI value at residential site was higher 128 for 2016 compared to 120 for 2017. While at industrial site AQI value 88 was found lower for 2016 compared to higher 126 for the year 2017.

Studies on Strategies for Realizing Atmospheric Environmental Quality Goal in Creating National Eco-City in Shenyang

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2816-2819
Author(s):  
Xiang Rong Qu ◽  
Hua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standard ◽  
Primary Pollutant

The continuous auto-monitoring methods were used to analyze PM10、SO2、NO2 concentrations in atmospheric environment of three types of function areas in Shenyang, and the atmospheric environmental quality were evaluated by using National Ambient Air Quality Standard GB3095-1996 and API methods.The results showed that annual average concentration of PM10 surpassed 0.1 fold of the National Air Quality Standard II, that of SO2 was below the Standard II, that of NO2 was below the Standard I in the second type of function area, the air quality in the first and third types of function areas met the requirements for the Standards in 2010.There were 328days with the air quality of good and better. There were 329days with PM10 as primary pollutant and 36days with SO2 as primary pollutant. According to the main factors inffluencing the air quality of Shenyang, the strategies for realizing atmospheric environmental quality goal in creating national eco-city were put forward.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of SOx, NOx, and Primary Particulate Matter Control Strategies in the Improvement of Ambient PM Concentration in Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Ming-Ye Lee ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) measurement was employed for evaluating the effectiveness of fine particulate matter control strategies in Taiwan. There are three scenarios as follows: (I) the 2014 baseline year emission, (II) 2020 emissions reduced via the Clean Air Act (CAA), and (III) other emissions reduced stringently via the Clean Air Act. Based on the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDs) 8.1, established in 2014, the emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) was 73.5 thousand tons y−1, that of SOx was 121.3 thousand tons y−1, and that of NOx was 404.4 thousand tons y−1 in Taiwan. The CMAQ model simulation indicated that the PM2.5 concentration was 21.9 μg m−3. This could be underestimated by 24% in comparison with data from the ambient air quality monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). The results of the simulation of the PM2.5 concentration showed high PM2.5 concentrations in central and southwestern Taiwan, especially in Taichung and Kaohsiung. Compared to scenario I, the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 for scenario II and scenario III showed reductions of 20.1% and 28.8%, respectively. From the results derived from the simulation, it can be seen that control of NOx emissions may improve daily airborne PM2.5 concentrations in Taiwan significantly and control of directly emitted PM2.5 emissions may improve airborne PM2.5 concentrations each month. Nevertheless, the results reveal that the preliminary control plan could not achievethe air quality standard. Therefore, the efficacy and effectiveness of the control measures must be considered to better reduce emissions in the future.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown and unlock down phases on the ambient air quality of Delhi, capital city of India

Urban Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100945
Author(s):  
Mayank Pandey ◽  
M.P. George ◽  
R.K. Gupta ◽  
Deepak Gusain ◽  
Atul Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality Classification by Grey Wolf Optimizer Based Support Vector Machine

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Saxena ◽  
Shalini Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimizer ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Primary Concern

With the development of society along with an escalating population, the concerns regarding public health have cropped up. The quality of air becomes primary concern regarding constant increase in the number of vehicles and industrial development. With this concern, several indices have been proposed to indicate the pollutant concentrations. In this paper, we present a mathematical framework to formulate a Cumulative Index (CI) on the basis of an individual concentration of four major pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10). Further, a supervised learning algorithm based classifier is proposed. This classifier employs support vector machine (SVM) to classify air quality into two types, that is, good or harmful. The potential inputs for this classifier are the calculated values of CIs. The efficacy of the classifier is tested on the real data of three locations: Kolkata, Delhi, and Bhopal. It is observed that the classifier performs well to classify the quality of air.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality Assessment with Particular Reference to Particulates in Western part of Jharia Coalfield, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdeep Singh ◽  
Amarjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Jharia Coalfield

India is in the list of fastest growing countries of the world. India's energy needs are also increasing due to population and industrial growth for improving quality of living style. In India, coal is major input infrastructure industries for example Power plants, Steel plants and Cement industries. India’s 52% of primary energy is coal dependent1. 66% of India's power generation depends upon coal production1. Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is falling in the Lower Gondwana Coalfields of India. The area of the JCF is about 450 km2. It is important for the major supply of precious coking coal required for steel plants in India. It is located in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state of India, The latitude is 23° 39' to 23° 48' N and longitude is 86° 11' to 86° 27' E for the Jharia coalfield. Based on environmental parameters, all the 103 mines of BCCL have been grouped under 17 Clusters. A cluster consists of a group of mines with mine lease boundary lying in close vicinity and includes-Operating mines, Abandoned/ closed mines and proposed projects.The focused study area is in the western part of the Jharia coalfield is named as Cluster XV group of mines of BCCL consists of four mines, Kharkharee Colliery (UG), Dharmaband Colliery (UG), Madhuband Colliery (UG) and Phularitand Colliery (UG) .The present study was carried out with the objective to measure the ambient air quality of the study area with reference to particulate matter (SPM, PM10 & PM2.5). Ambient air monitoring results have shown that the observe air quality were found within the limit prescribed by MoEF / CPCB. It may due to Underground mines as there are pollution causing lesser activities involved in the UG mining process compared to opencast mining. Implementation of Master plan for Jharia coalfields for environmental management has also improve the air quality in the area10,11.

scholarly journals Impact of Diwali firework emissions on air quality of New Delhi, India during 2013-2015

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
SUNIL KUMAR PESHIN ◽  
PRIYANKA SINHA ◽  
AMIT BISHT
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

Diwali is one of the major and most important festivals celebrated all over India which falls in the period late October to early November every year. It is associated with burning of firecrackers especially during the night of Diwali day that leads to degradation of air quality that lasts for a longer duration of time. Firecrackers on burning releases huge amount of trace gases such as NOx, CO, SO2 and O3 and huge amount of aerosols and particulate matter. The present study focuses on the influence of firecrackers  emissions on surface ozone(O3) ,oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)concentration over the capital urban metropolis of India, New Delhi during Diwali festivity period from 2013-2015. A sharp increase is observed in surface ozone, NOx and particulate matter concentration during the Diwali day as compared to control day for 2013 to 2015 which is mainly attributed to burning of firecrackers. However the average concentration levels of the  gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) on Diwali day exhibited a decline in 2015 and 2014 as compared to 2013 due to increase in  awareness campaigns among public and increased cost of firecrackers.  

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