scholarly journals Synthetic neural-like computing in microbial consortia for pattern recognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximing Li ◽  
Luna Rizik ◽  
Ramez Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Promoter Strength ◽  
Chemical Inducers ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Control

Abstract Complex biological systems in nature comprise of cells that act collectively to solve sophisticated tasks. Synthetic biological systems, in contrast, are designed for specific tasks, largely following computational principles including logic gates, analog design, and control theory. Yet such approaches cannot be easily adapted for multiple tasks in biological contexts. Alternatively, artificial neural networks (ANN), comprised of flexible interactions for processing and decision-making, are widely adopted for numerous applications and support adaptive designs. Motivated by the structural similarity between ANNs and cellular networks, here we implemented ANN-like computing in bacteria consortia for recognizing patterns. In cellular ANNs, receiver bacteria collectively interact through quorum sensing (QS) with sender bacteria for decision-making processes. Input patterns formed by chemical inducers, activate sender circuits to produce QS signaling molecules with varying levels. These levels are programmed by tuning the promoter strength acting as weights. We also developed an algorithm based on gradient descent, which is well-accepted in artificial intelligence, to optimize weights and experimentally examined them using 3x3-bit patterns.

scholarly journals Synthetic neural-like computing in microbial consortia for pattern recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximing Li ◽  
Luna Rizik ◽  
Valeriia Kravchik ◽  
Maria Khoury ◽  
Netanel Korin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Promoter Strength ◽  
Chemical Inducers ◽  
Artificial Neural

AbstractComplex biological systems in nature comprise cells that act collectively to solve sophisticated tasks. Synthetic biological systems, in contrast, are designed for specific tasks, following computational principles including logic gates and analog design. Yet such approaches cannot be easily adapted for multiple tasks in biological contexts. Alternatively, artificial neural networks, comprised of flexible interactions for computation, support adaptive designs and are adopted for diverse applications. Here, motivated by the structural similarity between artificial neural networks and cellular networks, we implement neural-like computing in bacteria consortia for recognizing patterns. Specifically, receiver bacteria collectively interact with sender bacteria for decision-making through quorum sensing. Input patterns formed by chemical inducers activate senders to produce signaling molecules at varying levels. These levels, which act as weights, are programmed by tuning the sender promoter strength Furthermore, a gradient descent based algorithm that enables weights optimization was developed. Weights were experimentally examined for recognizing 3 × 3-bit pattern.

scholarly journals A Novel Framework for Synchrophasor Based Online Recognition and Efficient Post-Mortem Analysis of Disturbances in Power Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5209
Author(s):  
Andre Kummerow ◽  
Cristian Monsalve ◽  
Christoph Brosinsky ◽  
Steffen Nicolai ◽  
Dirk Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
System States ◽  
Transient System ◽  
And Control

Synchrophasor based applications become more and more popular in today’s control centers to monitor and control transient system events. This can ensure secure system operation when dealing with bidirectional power flows, diminishing reserves and an increased number of active grid components. Today’s synchrophasor applications provide a lot of additional information about the dynamic system behavior but without significant improvement of the system operation due to the lack of interpretable and condensed results as well as missing integration into existing decision-making processes. This study presents a holistic framework for novel machine learning based applications analyzing both historical as well as online synchrophasor data streams. Different methods from dimension reduction, anomaly detection as well as time series classification are used to automatically detect disturbances combined with a web-based online visualization tool. This enables automated decision-making processes in control centers to mitigate critical system states and to ensure secure system operations (e.g., by activating curate actions). Measurement and simulation-based results are presented to evaluate the proposed synchrophasor application modules for different use cases at the transmission and distribution level.

Identifying Decision Complexity Factors in Ambulance Command and Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hayes ◽  
A. Moore ◽  
G. Benwell ◽  
B. L. W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
View Point ◽  
Decision Method ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Decision Complexity

To understand the decision making processes of fourteen ambulance command and control (C2) operators, interviews employing the critical decision method were conducted in two ambulance C2 centres. An emergent themes analysis of the interview transcripts resulted in the identification of the strategies used by the operators when making dispatch decisions. To complement this work, factors that were considered to contribute to the complexity of the decision making task were identified and then rated by the operators to determine the extent of this contribution. As a result the researchers obtained quantitative data regarding the factors that were considered to contribute the greatest to the complexity of the dispatch task from the view point of the operators. The benefits of this approach include the identification of cognitive 'choke points' in the dispatch process that can be addressed during interface design.

Operational and Control Decision Making in Aluminium Smelters

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 1632-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Shuang Gao ◽  
Mark P. Taylor ◽  
John J.J. Chen ◽  
Michael J. Hautus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Control Decision ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
And Control

In aluminium smelters, the operational staffs constantly face decision making situations for operation and process control and these decisions can have significant impact on the process. The smelting process involves highly complex mechanisms and has rich information but low observability. In this environment, without support tools, systematic information management, or robust control models, decision making is challenging. This paper discusses different types of decision making processes and demonstrates that naturalistic decision making models (Recognition-Primed Decision Making, ie RPD) are more suitable to describe the situations in smelters. A model which combines an advanced control model, a system and human interactive approach and the thinking process in RPD is proposed to improve the quality of decisions for the operational staffs in smelters, hence the efficiency and productivity of the process.

scholarly journals Smart Simulation for Decision Support at Headquarters

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Ariane Bitoun ◽  
Hans ten Bergen ◽  
Yann Prudent
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
First Results ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Command And Control System

Abstract While serious games are being widely adopted by NATO and partner nations, their use is currently limited to training and operations planning. In this paper, we explore new methods that use simulations for decision support during the execution of military operations. During this phase, the commander makes decisions based on knowledge of the situation and the primary objectives. We propose here to take a simulation containing smart and autonomous units, and use it to create new kinds of decision support tools capable of improving situation awareness, and consequently the quality of decisions. The breakthrough behind this initiative is the realization that we can provide HQ decision makers with access to a version of the information that smart simulated units use to make decisions. To ensure the approach was sound we first studied decision-making processes, and analyzed how situation awareness improves decision-making. After analysis of the decision-making processes at various headquarters, and the types of decision criteria employed, we are able to produce innovative information, computed by the simulation, and fed by the command and control system. We then propose a prerequisite architecture and describe the first results of our proof of concept work based on the SWORD (Simulation War gaming for Operational Research and Doctrine) simulation.

A Psychologically-Based Taxonomy of Magicians’ Forcing Techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice PAILHES ◽  
gustav kuhn ◽  
Ronald Rensink
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Control

Magicians have developed a wide range of techniques to influence and control spectators’ choices of such things as card, word, or number. These techniques are what is called forcing. The present paper develops a psychologically-based taxonomy of forcing techniques with two goals in mind. Firstly, it should help uncover the different psychological mechanisms that underlie forcing techniques. Secondly, it should facilitate knowledge transfer between magicians and psychologists. The main division present two basic categories that can be used as a way of focussing separately on (1) decision-making processes and external influences on choices, and (2) links between sense of agency over action and outcome as well as the illusion of control over this outcome. This taxonomy allows us to clearly differentiate between forces in which there is or is not a free choice, and whether this choice has an impact on the following events.

scholarly journals Distributed environmental impact assessment using Internet

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Yan ◽  
Dimitri P. Solomatine ◽  
Slavco Velickov ◽  
Michael B. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control

The ever more widespread use of the Internet now makes it possible to bring many more persons than hitherto into environmental impact assessment and resulting decision-making processes. Because most at these persons are non-experts, however, it is necessary to provide them with tools that will support their assessments and decision-making efforts. When these tools are directed primarily to the making of judgements they may be described as judgement engines. The need to promote cooperative attitudes among participants in the assessment and judgemental/decision-making process, requires that these tools should promote transparency. Judgemental processes are introduced and related to evaluation processes so as to provide a characterisation of transparency. This paper gives an overview of the relevant Internet technologies and then takes the reader through the conception and realisation of one client–server component of an Internet-distributed judgement engine for environmental impact assessment. Because this is built upon the MikeImpact judgement engine of the Danish Hydraulic Institute, it is called a Web-MikeImpact. Although possibly of interest to specialists in information and control technologies, this paper is primarily intended as a background for potential users of Web-MikeImpact. It should be used alongside the use of the artefact that it describes, as this is available on http://www.hi.ihe.nl/hi/test/mikeimpact/mikeindex1.htm.

scholarly journals Exploring the Mental Model of Cattle Farmers in Disease Prevention and Control Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yong Suit-B ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Steven Eric Krauss ◽  
Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon ◽  
Peck Toung Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Control

Farmers play an integral role in minimizing disease threats and managing ongoing diseases on their farms. Various environmental factors influence the decision-making processes of farmers. Deciphering the mental models of farmers allows us to understand the motivations and reasons behind disease prevention and control choices. This study aimed to explore the mental models of cattle farmers in implementing disease prevention and control practices. Using qualitative in-depth, semi-structured interviews, seven cattle farmers from a university’s foster farm extension program were sampled. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results revealed 23 dimensions comprising the mental model of cattle farmers. The dimensions were conceptualized under four major themes. Farmers were most influenced by perceived risk of disease, perceived effectiveness and benefits of disease prevention and control practices, experience, knowledge and emotions, subjective norms and perceived economic loss. The decision-making processes of farmers are complex and are influenced by various factors. While additional research is needed to confirm the findings using quantitative methods and larger sample sizes, insights gained from the study can be used as inputs to tailor communication and training strategies for improved disease prevention and control interventions.

scholarly journals Business improvement areas and the socio-cultural power of lobbying: Imposing market interests to affordable housing development

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110319
Author(s):  
Daniel Kudla
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
East Village ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
And Control

While studies have shown that Business Improvement Areas (BIAs) manage and control their physical urban spaces to generate local economic growth, little work has examined how these organizations lobby for their market interests during key decision-making processes. Drawing from the pragmatic sociology of critique, this paper develops a theoretical framework to explain how political-economic power is socio-culturally encoded during local government decision-making processes. Socio-cultural power is defined through two interrelated processes: (1) interactional settings where social actors practice their critical capacity by drawing upon socio-historically created moral orders and (2) the extent to which institutional experts limit laypersons' critical capacity and successfully construct local realities to advance their agendas. This framework is applied to London, Ontario's Old East Village to show how the local BIA influenced two separate affordable housing development plans. Based on interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, the findings show that the Old East Village BIA strategically framed and co-opted community critiques of these developments in a way that justified their own market interests (more feet on the street) over the community's civic interests (the provision of affordable housing). This paper extends the BIA literature by demonstrating BIA influence over affordable housing development, local matters that are outside the purview of their commercial jurisdiction.

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