Factors Related to Psychological Well-Being as Moderated by Occupational Class in Korean Self-Employed Workers

We examined factors related to the psychological well-being of self-employed workers in Korea, and the moderation of these effects by occupational class. This secondary analysis examined the data of 14,454 self-employed individuals from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2017). In all occupational classes, psychological well-being score was greater in women, and increased with monthly income and the frequency of working at very high speed; there were lower mean scores in those who became self-employed out of necessity rather than personal choice; in addition, the score decreased as the number of musculoskeletal symptoms increased. The relationship of work factors with the psychological well-being of self-employed individuals also differed according to occupational class. In conclusion, our analysis indicated that self-employed workers in different occupational classes respond differently to identical stressors.

Gambaran Tingkat Stres Caregiver yang Merawat Lansia : Literature Review

The elderly population in increasing rapidly. The elderly will experience seversl chnge both physically, physiologically, cognitively, and mentally. Family plays in important role in providing care. Elderly care must be done carefully, patiently, and lovingly. The task can cause stress to the caregiver, which in influenced by busy work factors, changes in behavior due to the childish nature and behavior of the elderly. This study aims to describe the stress level of caregivers who care for the elderly. This study uses a liteartue review design using the PEO (Population, Exprosure, Outcome) method and uses 5 articles from a darabase with electronic searches on pubmed, google scolar dan published in 2016-2021. The results of the analysis of five articles show that the data on the characteristics of te respondents are mostly female (72.83%), the age range of respondents 36-45 years is the most dominant with a persentage of (34.25%), the education of the most respondent is SMA/SMK (46.88%), the majority of respondents work (74.37%), the work stress level of the caregiver who takes care of the elderly is in the category of mild stress with a result of 117 people (46.06%). Elderly dependenvy often appears and caregivers often experince stress. Families and the elderly need to maximize their participantion in providing support to reduce stress.Keywords: elderly caregivers; informal caregiver; stress level AbstrakPopulasi lansia mengalami peningkatan yang pesat. Lansia akan mengalami beberapa perubahan baik secara fisik, fisiologis, kognitif, dan mental. Keluarga berperan penting dalam memberikan perawatan. Perawatan lansia harus dilakukan dengan teliti, sabar, dan penuh cinta. Tugas tersebut dapat menimbulkan stres pada caregiver, yang dipengaruhi faktor kesibukan bekerja, perubahan tingkah laku karena sifat dan tingkah laku lansia yang kekanak-kanakkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat stres caregiver yang merawat lansia. Penelitian ini Menggunakan desain literature review dengan menggunakan metode PEO (Population, Exprosure, Outcome) dan menggunakan 5 artikel dari database dengan penelusuran elekrtonik pada Pubmed dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2016-2021. Hasil analisis lima artikel menunjukkan bahwa data karakteristik responden terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan (72.83%), rentang usia responden 36-45 tahun paling dominan dengan persentase (34.25%), pendidikan responden terbanyak yaitu SMA/SMK (46.88%), mayoritas responden bekerja (74.37%), tingkat stres caregiver yang merawat lansia tergolong dalam kategori stres ringan dengan hasil 117 orang (46.06%). Ketergantungan lansia sering muncul dan caregiver sering mengalami stres. Keluarga dan lansia perlu memaksimalkan peran serta memberikan dukungan guna mengurangi stres.Kata kunci: Caregiver lansia; caregiver informal; tingkat stres

Factors Related to Work Stress among Health Office Employees during Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Study related to work stress is usually more focused on the industrial sector. Meanwhile, workers in other sectors such as the government organization also have the potential to feel stressed due to their job. During the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) pandemic, Health Office is one of the main stakeholders in handling and preventing COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic can cause work stress due to unachieved health programs and huge demands to develop programs related to this pandemic. This study analyzed the relationship between individual factors, work factors, and factors outside of work with level of work stress among Health Office employees. This study is expected to be able to analyze work stress and its determinant as early as possible. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) and NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Generic Job Stress Questionnaire instrument. This study was conducted at the Public Health Office Bogor Regency April 2021. This study used total sampling method on employees of the Public Health Office Bogor Regency with total sample collected of 135 respondents. Data analysis in this study was performed using multiple logistic regression. Results: 86.67% of respondents did not experience work stress, 5.93% of respondents had mild work stress, and 7.41% of respondents experienced moderate work stress. Moreover, workload (p = 0.0001) and social support (p = 0.011) had a significant relationship in increasing work stress. Conclusion: Workload was the most dominant variable affecting work stress in which workers who had high subjective workload were 33.63 times more stressful compared to workers who had the appropriate workload. Prevention of occupational stress can be done by adjusting workloads and building a good social environment between colleagues.Keywords: factors outside of work, health office, individual factors, work factors, work stress

An Initial Approach to Increase Job Satisfaction Through Workplace Spirituality

Job satisfaction is a widely discussed topic in work psychology, but what might be the contributions of recent discussions of workplace spirituality? This research allows a qualitative measure of workplace spirituality relevance by workforce perspective that can be reproduced in other organizations through a questionnaire application. The spiritual factors of the workplace were classified according to the Kano model that identifies the potential for actions and investments to be transformed into job satisfaction. In this application, it was identified that investments in the coherence and purpose of work factors can generate more than proportional satisfaction in the individuals of this organization. The identity, values, cohesion, meaning, and climate of work factors could generate a proportional satisfaction to the investments. The inner life and community factors cannot generate satisfaction, but when investment levels in these factors did not meet the expectations, it potentially generates dissatisfaction. Finally, investments in belonging, connection, and environmental factors were indifferent to the satisfaction level in this organization. The researchers also pointed out opportunities of investments to the organization.

Understanding Worker Well-Being Relative to High-Workload and Recovery Activities across a Whole Day: Pilot Testing an Ecological Momentary Assessment Technique

Occupational health and safety is experiencing a paradigm shift from focusing only on health at the workplace toward a holistic approach and worker well-being framework that considers both work and non-work factors. Aligned with this shift, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine how, within a person, frequencies of high-workload and recovery activities from both work and non-work periods were associated with same day well-being measures. We analyzed data on 45 workers with type 1 diabetes from whom we collected activity data 5–6 times daily over 14 days. More frequent engagement in high-workload activities was associated with lower well-being on multiple measures including higher stress. Conversely, greater recovery activity frequency was mostly associated with higher well-being indicated by lower stress and higher positive affect. Overall, our results provide preliminary validity evidence for measures of high-workload and recovery activity exposure covering both work and non-work periods that can inform and support evaluations of worker well-being.

Psychosocial work factors and sick leave risk after a terrorist bomb attack: a survey and registry-based longitudinal study of governmental employees in Norway

ObjectivesStudies show that social support may reduce the negative psychological effects of terror. The aim was to explore the effects of the psychosocial work environment on sick leave risk among governmental employees after a workplace bomb attack.DesignWe linked longitudinal survey data collected at 10 and 22 months after the bombing with registry data on doctor-certified sick leave collected from 42 months before the attack to 33 months after the attack. ORs and rate ratios were estimated with mixed effects hurdle models.SettingThe bombing of the government ministries in Oslo, Norway, 22 July 2011.ParticipantsWe identified 1625 participants from a cohort of 3520 employees working in the ministries during the bombing in 2011.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, social support from coworkers reduced the odds of sick leave (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.93), and there was marginal evidence for reduced odds with support from superior (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.03). A social work climate, an innovative climate and a human resource primacy climate (HRP) reduced the sick leave risk (eg, HRP OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.90). The hurdle model found no associations between psychosocial support at work and the duration of sick leave.ConclusionsPsychosocial support at work can enhance employees’ work ability after terror and reduce the sick leave risk by more than 20%. However, a supportive psychosocial work environment did not reduce the duration of sickness absence. The protective role of psychosocial work factors on sick leave may be most significant when employees are at work and interact with their work environment.

Digitally connected work and its consequences for strain – a systematic review

Background Evolving digitization has an impact not only on the organization of work, but also on the health of employees. Dealing with new technologies, integrating new processes and requirements into work, and restructuring tasks among others are demands that can be stressful and impair health. Objectives Our aim was to identify (clusters of) working conditions associated with digitally connected work and to analyze their relations with strain, that is, health and well-being outcomes. Methods Between May and October 2019, a search string was used to systematically search six databases (EMBASE, Medline, PSYNDEX, PsycInfo, SocIndex, WISO) for German and English texts according to the PEO scheme. The methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Design. Results 14 studies were identified. Despite the search string containing latest technologies, we identified mostly studies from the 1980s/90s. To aggregate findings, a categorization of work factors (cognitive demands, social factors, organizational factors, environmental factors) and health factors (motivation/satisfaction, reduced well-being/affective symptoms, physiological parameters/somatic complaints) is introduced. The most frequently identified work factors belong to the category of cognitive demands. For health factors, motivation/satisfaction was identified most often. 475 associations were found in total. Conclusions This systematic review provides an overview of work and health factors that have been studied between 1981 and 2019. Recent texts frequently study individualized health factors (e.g., life satisfaction) whereas objective physiological measurement data and objective survey methods such as workplace analysis are not used. This latter approach was predominantly found in the older studies. In order to obtain a comprehensive picture, however, it is worthwhile to use a combination of these subjective and objective approaches for future studies in this field.

Importance of the Working Environment for Early Retirement: Prospective Cohort Study with Register Follow-Up

Background: This study investigates the role of physical work demands and psychosocial work factors for early retirement among older workers. Methods: Data from three Danish surveys on work environment and health among employed older workers (age 55–59) were merged with a national register containing information on labour market participation. Robust Poisson regression modelled the risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between physical and psychosocial work factors and early retirement, that is, not working after the age of 64. Results: Of the 2800 workers, 53% retired early. High physical work demands (RR 1.33, 95%CI 1.19–1.48), poor overall psychosocial working conditions (RR 1.43, 95%CI 1.26–1.61), and access to early retirement benefits (RR 1.79, 95%CI 1.53–2.10) predicted early retirement. Subgroup analyses revealed that poor overall psychosocial working conditions were a stronger predictor for early retirement among workers with seated jobs than those with physically active jobs. Conclusions: High physical work demands and poor psychosocial working conditions are factors that can push older workers out of the labour market prematurely. Poor psychosocial working conditions seem to be a particularly strong push factor among workers with seated work.

Social Costs of Globalization in Emergent Economies

This research focuses on identifying and analyzing the main factors that generate social costs in the context of globalization. In emerging economies, the social and economic factors underlying a significant and the growing income inequality tend to be different from work factors in many OECD countries. The importance of the informal economy, combined with the persistence of significant geographic disparities in economic performance, is a significant factor in the inequality of revenues in all emerging economies. In turn, the informal economy and geographic disparities are closely linked to other aspects of inequality such as gender, ethnic differences, disparities in educational achievement, and working conditions. This paper develops these factors and synthesizes their effect in order to serve as a starting point for a further econometric research to measure the impact in emerging economies.