scholarly journals Self-Reported Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic and its Association with Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Latent Class Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibene Habib Somé ◽  
Samantha Wells ◽  
Daniel Felsky ◽  
Hayley A. Hamilton ◽  
Shehzad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background: Mental health problems and substance use co-morbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic are a public health priority. Identifying individuals at high-risk of developing these problems can directly inform mitigating strategies. We aimed to identify distinct groups of individuals (i.e., latent classes) based on patterns of self-reported mental health symptoms and investigate associations with alcohol and cannabis use.Methods: We used data from six successive waves of a web-based cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 years and older living in Canada (6,021 participants). We applied latent class analysis to three domains of self-reported mental health: anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Logistic regression was used to characterize latent class membership, estimate the association of class membership with alcohol and cannabis use, and perform sex-based analyses.Results: We identified two distinct classes: 1) individuals with low scores on all three mental health indicators (no/low-symptoms) and 2) those reporting high scores (high-symptoms). Those at greater risk of being in the high-symptoms class were likely to be women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =1.34, 95%CI:1.18-1.52), people worried about getting COVID-19 (aOR=2.39, 95%CI:2.02-2.82), and those with post-secondary education (aOR=1.26, 95%CI:1.02-1.55). Asian ethnicity (aOR=0.78, 95%CI:0.62-0.97), married status (aOR=0.71, 95%CI:0.59-0.85), seniors (aOR=0.38, 95%CI:0.32-0.47), individuals in households with income higher than CAD$40,000: $40,000-$79,000 (aOR=0.73, 95%CI:0.60-0.90), $80,000-$119,000 (aOR=0.60, 95%CI:0.48-0.74) and $120,000+ (aOR=0.47, 95%CI:0.37-0.59) were at lower odds of being in the high-symptoms class. Individuals in the high-symptoms class were more likely to use cannabis at least once a week (aOR=2.25, 95%CI:1.90-2.67), drink alcohol heavily (aOR=1.69, 95%CI:1.47-1.95); and increase the use of cannabis (aOR=3.48, 95%CI:2.79-4.35) and alcohol (aOR=2.37, 95%CI:2.05-2.73) during the pandemic. Women in the high-symptoms class had higher odds of increasing alcohol use than men.Conclusions: We identified the determinants of experiencing high-symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness, and found a significant association with alcohol and cannabis consumption. This suggests that initiatives and supports are needed to address mental health and substance use multi-morbidities, particularly regarding alcohol use in women.

A national study of the availability of law enforcement agency wellness programming for officers: A latent class analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110640
Author(s):  
Bruce G Taylor ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Class Analysis

The purpose of this study is to understand the availability of employee wellness programs within law enforcement agencies (LEAs) across the United States, including physical fitness, resilience/wellness, coping skills, nutrition, mental health treatment, and substance use treatment. The research team investigated whether patterns of LEA wellness programming are identifiable and, if so, what characteristics describe these patterns. We assess using latent class analysis whether there are distinct profiles of agencies with similar patterns offering different types of wellness programs and explore what characteristics distinguish agencies with certain profiles of wellness programming. Data were from a nationally representative sample of 1135 LEAs: 80.1% municipal, 18.6% county and 1.3% other agencies (state-level and Bureau of Indian Affairs LEAs). We found that many agencies (62%) offer no wellness programming. We also found that 23% have comprehensive wellness programming, and that another group of agencies specialize in specific wellness programming. About 14% of the agencies have a high probability of providing resilience coping skill education, mental health and/or substance use treatment services programming. About 1% of the agencies in the United States limit their programming to fitness and nutrition, indicating that fitness and nutrition programs are more likely to be offered in concert with other types of wellness programs. The analyses revealed that agencies offering broad program support are more likely to be large, municipal LEAs located in either the West, Midwest or Northeast (compared with the southern United States), and not experiencing a recent budget cut that impacted wellness programming.

A latent class analysis of the co-occurrence of sexual violence, substance use, and mental health in youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1938-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan L. Nelon ◽  
Kris T. De Pedro ◽  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Megan S. Patterson ◽  
Caitlin B. Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis

scholarly journals Characterising heterogeneity in the use of different cannabis products: latent class analysis with 55 000 people who use cannabis and associations with severity of cannabis dependence

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2364-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Craft ◽  
Adam Winstock ◽  
Jason Ferris ◽  
Clare Mackie ◽  
Michael T. Lynskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Administration Methods

AbstractBackgroundAs new cannabis products and administration methods proliferate, patterns of use are becoming increasingly heterogeneous. However, few studies have explored different profiles of cannabis use and their association with problematic use.MethodsLatent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of past-year cannabis users endorsing distinct patterns of use from a large international sample (n = 55 240). Past-12-months use of six different cannabis types (sinsemilla, herbal, hashish, concentrates, kief, edibles) were used as latent class indicators. Participants also reported the frequency and amount of cannabis used, whether they had ever received a mental health disorder diagnosis and their cannabis dependence severity via the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS).ResultsLCA identified seven distinct classes of cannabis use, characterised by high probabilities of using: sinsemilla & herbal (30.3% of the sample); sinsemilla, herbal & hashish (20.4%); herbal (18.4%); hashish & herbal (18.8%); all types (5.7%); edibles & herbal (4.6%) and concentrates & sinsemilla (1.7%). Relative to the herbal class, classes characterised by sinsemilla and/or hashish use had increased dependence severity. By contrast, the classes characterised by concentrates use did not show strong associations with cannabis dependence but reported greater rates of ever receiving a mental health disorder diagnosis.ConclusionsThe identification of these distinct classes underscores heterogeneity among cannabis use behaviours and provides novel insight into their different associations with addiction and mental health.

Exploring Alcohol Use Motivations in Underage College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Rhoades Cooper ◽  
Elizabeth H. Weybright ◽  
Matthew F. Bumpus ◽  
Laura G. Hill ◽  
Jon Agley
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Underage Drinking ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drinking Motivation

The goal of this article is to illustrate how a person-centered analytic approach can inform our understanding of alcohol use motivations in underage college students and to build off of a related analysis with legal-aged students. Data come from 2,346 students who were under 21 years old and reported using alcohol in the past year in the 2013 Indiana College Substance Use Survey. Latent class analysis identified four underage drinking motivation subgroups and examined associations between subgroup membership and alcohol-related behavior and consequences. The groups varied in their combination of alcohol motivations and their alcohol-related behaviors and consequences. Results for the present study confirm the variability in motivations for alcohol use and provide valuable information about the characteristics of those groups at highest risk, which can inform content and intensity of prevention efforts targeted at underage college students.

scholarly journals Delineating patterns of sexualized substance use and its association with sexual and mental health outcomes among young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Singapore: a latent class analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayner Kay Jin Tan ◽  
Caitlin Alsandria O’Hara ◽  
Wee Ling Koh ◽  
Daniel Le ◽  
Avin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) are vulnerable to the risks associated with sexualized substance use. This is a novel study in Singapore that aims to classify patterns of sexualized substance use among YMSM, and investigate its association with sexual and mental health outcomes. Methods In this cross-sectional study among 570 YMSM aged 18 to 25 years old, latent class analysis (LCA) conducted to identify classes with similar patterns of sexualized substance use, across which measures of inconsistent condom use, recent STI diagnoses, past suicide ideation and depression severity were compared. Results LCA revealed three classes of YMSM based on types of substances ever used in sexualized contexts, which we labelled as ‘substance-naive’, ‘substance-novice’, and ‘chemsex’. Substance-naive participants (n = 404) had only ever used alcohol, while substance-novice participants (n = 143) were primarily amyl nitrite users with a small proportion who reported using chemsex-related drugs. Chemsex participants (n = 23) comprised individuals who had mostly used such drugs. Those in the chemsex group were more likely to report recent unprotected anal sex with casual partners (aPR = 3.28, 95%CI [1.85, 5.79]), depression severity (aβ = 3.69, 95%CI [0.87, 6.51]) and a history of suicide ideation (aPR = 1.64, 95%CI [1.33, 2.03]). Conclusions Findings of this study highlight how the use of varying substances in sexualized contexts may be classified and characterized by different sexual and mental health outcomes. Health promotion efforts should be differentiated accordingly to address the risks associated with sexualized substance use among YMSM.

scholarly journals Mental Health Attribution for Mexican-Origin Latinx and Non-Latinx Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E A Mendez ◽  
Carolyn A Mendez-Luck ◽  
Karen Nylund-Gibson ◽  
Bernardo Ng
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues

Abstract Background and Objectives Providing appropriate and culturally sensitive care to the rapidly growing number of U.S. Latinx older adults with psychiatric conditions presents a major public health challenge. We know little about older Latinx adults’ perceived causes of mental health problems, offering clinicians limited insight to guide successful and culturally congruent treatment. Moreover, there is a paucity of mental health research examining heterogeneity in how Latinx individuals may attribute mental health symptoms. The present study sought to identify how Latinx and non-Latinx older adults attributed the sources of their mental health problems and how these types of attributions differ by ethnicity. Research Design and Methods This study analyzed data collected from a retrospective chart review and survey of 673 adults aged 55–95 years (430 Mexican origin and 244 non-Latinx) from a rural psychiatric outpatient clinic near the California–Mexico border. We conducted stratified latent class analysis (LCA) by race/ethnicity to explore the mental health attribution beliefs of Mexican-origin and non-Latinx clinic patients. Results Different LCA patterns for Mexican-origin Latinx versus non-Latinx groups were found. For non-Latinx adults, there was a class of individuals who attributed their mental health issues to social and financial problems. For Mexican-origin adults, there was a class of individuals who attributed their mental health issues to spiritual and/or supernatural factors, unaffected by acculturation level, depressive symptom severity, and time spent in the United States, but differing by gender. We found within-group heterogeneity: Not all Mexican-origin or non-Latinx older adults were alike in how they conceptualized their mental health. Discussion and Implications Mexican-origin Latinx and non-Latinx older adults attributed their mental health issues to different causes. More Mexican-origin older adults attributed their symptoms to spiritual causes, even after controlling for contextual factors. Further research is needed to determine whether attribution beliefs are affected by specific mental health diagnoses and other cultural factors not measured in this study.

scholarly journals Delineating Patterns of Sexualized Substance use and its Association with Sexual and Mental Health Outcomes Among Young Gay, Bisexual and Queer Men in Singapore: A Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayner Kay Jin Tan ◽  
Caitlin Alsandria O’Hara ◽  
Wee Ling Koh ◽  
Daniel Le ◽  
Avin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Inconsistent Condom

Abstract Background: Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) are vulnerable to the risks associated with sexualized substance use. This is a novel study in Singapore that aims to classify patterns of sexualized substance use among YMSM, and investigate its association with sexual and mental health outcomes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study among 570 YMSM aged 18 to 25 years old, latent class analysis (LCA) conducted to identify classes with similar patterns of sexualized substance use, across which measures of inconsistent condom use, recent STI diagnoses, past suicide ideation and depression severity were compared. Results: LCA revealed three classes of YMSM based on types of substances ever used in sexualized contexts, which we labelled as ‘substance-naïve’, ‘substance-novice’, and ‘chemsex’. Substance-naïve participants (n=404) had only ever used alcohol, while substance-novice participants (n=143) were primarily amyl nitrite users with a small proportion who reported using chemsex-related drugs. Chemsex partiipants (n=23) comprised individuals who had mostly used such drugs. Those in the chemsex group were more likely to report recent unprotected anal sex with casual partners, depression severity and a history of suicide ideation.Conclusions: Findings of this study highlight how the use of varying substances in sexualized contexts may be classified and characterized by different sexual and mental health outcomes. Health promotion efforts should be differentiated accordingly to address the risks associated with sexualized substance use among YMSM.

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