scholarly journals Shaping the future of temperate forests in Europe: why outdoor recreation matters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Giergiczny ◽  
Jette Jacobsen ◽  
Klaus Glenk ◽  
Jürgen Meyerhoff ◽  
Jens Abildtrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Recreational Benefits

Abstract Forests play a fundamental role in the economy, in climate change mitigation and in halting the loss of biodiversity. The economic value of goods and services provided to the societies by forests, including forest-based recreation, is highly dependent on the way in which forests are managed. On a European scale, forests are diverse and managed in many ways. Yet there has been no large-scale assessment to date of the economic value of forests recreation across Europe. In this paper we systematically apply stated and revealed preference-based valuation methods to investigate public preferences for forest visits in ten European countries (Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Scotland, Switzerland). We observe substantial recreational value measured by the consumer surplus ranging from €55 to €648 per person per year (PPP adjusted, 2017). Compared to the gross value added of forestry and timber production, gross recreational benefits are, except for Belarus, on par or larger. Additionally, we find that forests of particular characteristics – more complex forest structures and forests with taller and older trees – are preferred and generate higher recreational values. These results provide a robust basis for evaluating the societal consequences of future forest management policies in Europe and the design of its forest landscapes.

scholarly journals Value Added from the Perspective of Econophysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
Ihor Hurnyak ◽  
Nataliya Struk ◽  
Aleksandra Kordonska
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Accounts Payable ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Business Efficiency

The production, or value added, approach to GDP involves calculating an industry or sector’s output and subtracting its intermediate consumption (the goods and services used to produce the output) to derive its value added. The value added at the macro level depends on business efficiency. It reflects an increase in value that a business creates by undertaking the production process. We assumed that the market creates thousands of vibrating energies, coming from other enterprises, with different frequencies. The purpose of this article is to verify whether the econophysics approach could be successfully used to assess a business from the perspective of the interaction between economic forces. Thus, we propose that the term ‘value added’ be understood as a certain amount of accumulated energy of enterprises that comes from the interaction of basic economic forces and economic vibrating forces of accounting. Using regression models, we show the influence of basic forces, like debt and the stock market, and vibrating ones (i.e., accounts payable, accounts receivable, inventory) on the economic value added by testing US, European, and emerging markets. We confirmed the relevance and appropriateness of the econophysics approach to estimating the economic value added.

scholarly journals Modeling Posidonia oceanica shoot density and rhizome primary production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Catucci ◽  
Michele Scardi
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Predicted Values

Abstract Posidonia oceanica meadows rank among the most important and most productive ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin, due to their ecological role and to the goods and services they provide. Estimations of crucial ecological process such as meadows productivity could play a major role in an environmental management perspective and in the assessment of P. oceanica ecosystem services. In this study, a Machine Learning approach, i.e. Random Forest, was aimed at modeling P. oceanica shoot density and rhizome primary production using as predictive variables only environmental factors retrieved from indirect measurements, such as maps. Our predictive models showed a good level of accuracy in modeling both shoot density and rhizome productivity (R2 = 0.761 and R2 = 0.736, respectively). Furthermore, as shoot density is an essential parameter in the estimation of P. oceanica productivity, we proposed a cascaded approach aimed at estimating the latter using predicted values of shoot density rather than observed measurements. In spite of the complexity of the problem, the cascaded Random Forest performed quite well (R2 = 0.637). While direct measurements will always play a fundamental role, our estimates could support large scale assessment of the expected condition of P. oceanica meadows, providing valuable information about the way this crucial ecosystem works.

Valuing marine parks in a small island developing state: a travel cost analysis in Seychelles

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mwebaze ◽  
Alan MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Seychelles Islands ◽  
The Cost

AbstractA major problem facing the Seychelles islands is the decline in the quality and the value of marine protected areas (MPAs). Economic valuation can help guide policy makers to understand the value of marine resources and the cost of neglecting MPAs by expressing the value of their goods and services in monetary terms. This paper presents an analysis of the economic value of a group of marine parks in Seychelles. The travel cost method is used to establish willingness-to-pay of international tourists for trips to marine parks in Seychelles from their observed behaviour. The average per-trip consumer surplus is approximately €128 for single-site visitors and €65 for multiple-site visitors. The total social welfare value attributable to the recreational opportunity in marine parks is approximately €3.7 million annually. These results provide policy makers with a strong justification for government investment needed to maintain marine sites in Seychelles.

scholarly journals Return to Vernacular Origins through Parametric Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yunjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Boom Period

<p>Without any doubts, China has made a remarkable development in various fields in a last decade, and there are no any signs of that the paces of rapid development happened to China will slow down in the next decades. As a result, every city in China are entering into a boom period in term of urbanization and modernization. No matter it is a super metropolis, for instant, Shanghai, Beijing or it is a small city as Yangzhou, the one chosen for this research thesis, they are all a part of this rapid booming trending and progress. Parametric architecture has been playing a significant role in this booming period: avant-garde forms, incredibly large scale, starchitect such as Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas etc, and extra economic value added, all these features had made parametric architecture to be considered as the symbol of the rapid development. At same time, the voice of critical on this has never stopped: lack of traditions, absence of “Chineseness”, cities identity damaged caused by parametric architecture. Unfortunately, there seems neither nothing going to stop numerous parametric architecture raised up, nor provide a convincible solution to the issues in the contemporary cites in China.  This thesis explores the conflict between Chinese vernacular manner and parametric architecture, and investigate how the parametric architecture is able to well fit in the Chinese environment context and express Chinese vernacular ideas which needs to be redefined.  It argues the so called ‘Chineseness’ is blur and unclear, or most of people ‘s understanding toward ‘Chineseness’ always stay at the iconic level. It further argue the essences of Chinese vernacular ideas which could be merged into parametric architecture and help to deal with the issues which the contemporary city in China has such as inhumanity scale, lack of green space and public space. The aim is not only to find a way to combine the parametric design and Chinese vernacular ideas harmoniously but also via this combination to solve the issues in Yangzhou which is a representative and typical China contemporary city.</p>

Vegetation mapping in solving environmental problems

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Belov ◽  
L. P. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Geobotanical Forecasting

This paper presents the stages of cartographic study into vegetation of Baikalian Siberia (the southern part of East Siberia). It highlights the ways toward shaping the principles and methods of the Irkutsk (Siberian) school of mapping vegetation as a component of geosystems, the founder of which was Academician V.B.Sochava. The initial stage in studying vegetation of Baikalian Siberia involved cartographic support of the resolution of ecological problems within national programs of integral development and exploitation of natural resources in the country’s eastern regions. The current stage of cartographic study into vegetation of Baikalian Siberia is determined by changes in the nature management paradigm in circumstances where the market economy is being shaped. This stage is characterized by the transition from general purpose-regional small-scale universal mapping to generation of medium- and large-scale assessment-forecast maps of vegetation for ecological accompaniment of a variety of economic measures, such as development of oil and gas fields in the Prebaikalia, an enhancement and promotion of recreation at Baikal, etc. Presented is the algorithm of geobotanical forecasting as a multistage process of conjugate mapping of vegetation. Using the key areas on the Angara-Lena interfluve and in Northern Priolkhonie as an example, different aspects of anthropogenic and natural stability of vegetation are considered from the perspective of geobotanical forecasting. The economic value of vegetation is determined according to its ecologo-protective and resource potentials. Recommendations are made for nature management optimization on a forecasting-geobotanical basis.

scholarly journals Return to Vernacular Origins through Parametric Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yunjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Boom Period

<p>Without any doubts, China has made a remarkable development in various fields in a last decade, and there are no any signs of that the paces of rapid development happened to China will slow down in the next decades. As a result, every city in China are entering into a boom period in term of urbanization and modernization. No matter it is a super metropolis, for instant, Shanghai, Beijing or it is a small city as Yangzhou, the one chosen for this research thesis, they are all a part of this rapid booming trending and progress. Parametric architecture has been playing a significant role in this booming period: avant-garde forms, incredibly large scale, starchitect such as Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas etc, and extra economic value added, all these features had made parametric architecture to be considered as the symbol of the rapid development. At same time, the voice of critical on this has never stopped: lack of traditions, absence of “Chineseness”, cities identity damaged caused by parametric architecture. Unfortunately, there seems neither nothing going to stop numerous parametric architecture raised up, nor provide a convincible solution to the issues in the contemporary cites in China.  This thesis explores the conflict between Chinese vernacular manner and parametric architecture, and investigate how the parametric architecture is able to well fit in the Chinese environment context and express Chinese vernacular ideas which needs to be redefined.  It argues the so called ‘Chineseness’ is blur and unclear, or most of people ‘s understanding toward ‘Chineseness’ always stay at the iconic level. It further argue the essences of Chinese vernacular ideas which could be merged into parametric architecture and help to deal with the issues which the contemporary city in China has such as inhumanity scale, lack of green space and public space. The aim is not only to find a way to combine the parametric design and Chinese vernacular ideas harmoniously but also via this combination to solve the issues in Yangzhou which is a representative and typical China contemporary city.</p>

Using Web-based Testing for Large-Scale Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Hamilton ◽  
Stephen P. Klein ◽  
William Lorie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Economic Value Added (EVA) dan Market Value Added (MVA) (Studi Kasus pada PT Astra International, Tbk. Periode Tahun 20082012)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Market Value Added ◽  
The Interest Rate

This study is a qualitative study using a case study approach to the PT. Astra International, Tbk. The object of this research is PT. Astra International, Tbk. PT. Astra International, Tbk is a company engaged in six business sectors, namely: automotive,financial services, heavy equipment, mining and energy, agribusiness, information technology, infrastructure and logistics. Researchers chose PT. Astra International, Tbk as research objects due in the year 2012, PT. Astra International, Tbk managed to rank first in the list of 100 Best Companies to Go Public by the 2011 financial performance of Fortune magazines Indonesia. The data used in this research is secondary data, the financial statements. Astra International, Tbk 20082012. Other secondary data used is the interest rate of Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI), the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI), and thecompanys stock price began the year 20082012. This study aims to determine the companys financial performance by the use of EVA and MVA approach, therefore the data analysis technique used is the EVA and MVA. Based on the value EVA of the year 2008 2012, PT. Astra International, Tbk has good financial performance that managed to meet the expectations of the company and the investors. Based on the value of MVA during the years 20082012, PT. Astra International, Tbk managed to create wealth and prosperity for companies and investors. It concluded that financial performance. AstraInternational, Tbk for five years was satisfactory.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

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