Return to Vernacular Origins through Parametric Interpretation

<p>Without any doubts, China has made a remarkable development in various fields in a last decade, and there are no any signs of that the paces of rapid development happened to China will slow down in the next decades. As a result, every city in China are entering into a boom period in term of urbanization and modernization. No matter it is a super metropolis, for instant, Shanghai, Beijing or it is a small city as Yangzhou, the one chosen for this research thesis, they are all a part of this rapid booming trending and progress. Parametric architecture has been playing a significant role in this booming period: avant-garde forms, incredibly large scale, starchitect such as Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas etc, and extra economic value added, all these features had made parametric architecture to be considered as the symbol of the rapid development. At same time, the voice of critical on this has never stopped: lack of traditions, absence of “Chineseness”, cities identity damaged caused by parametric architecture. Unfortunately, there seems neither nothing going to stop numerous parametric architecture raised up, nor provide a convincible solution to the issues in the contemporary cites in China. This thesis explores the conflict between Chinese vernacular manner and parametric architecture, and investigate how the parametric architecture is able to well fit in the Chinese environment context and express Chinese vernacular ideas which needs to be redefined. It argues the so called ‘Chineseness’ is blur and unclear, or most of people ‘s understanding toward ‘Chineseness’ always stay at the iconic level. It further argue the essences of Chinese vernacular ideas which could be merged into parametric architecture and help to deal with the issues which the contemporary city in China has such as inhumanity scale, lack of green space and public space. The aim is not only to find a way to combine the parametric design and Chinese vernacular ideas harmoniously but also via this combination to solve the issues in Yangzhou which is a representative and typical China contemporary city.</p>

Return to Vernacular Origins through Parametric Interpretation

<p>Without any doubts, China has made a remarkable development in various fields in a last decade, and there are no any signs of that the paces of rapid development happened to China will slow down in the next decades. As a result, every city in China are entering into a boom period in term of urbanization and modernization. No matter it is a super metropolis, for instant, Shanghai, Beijing or it is a small city as Yangzhou, the one chosen for this research thesis, they are all a part of this rapid booming trending and progress. Parametric architecture has been playing a significant role in this booming period: avant-garde forms, incredibly large scale, starchitect such as Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas etc, and extra economic value added, all these features had made parametric architecture to be considered as the symbol of the rapid development. At same time, the voice of critical on this has never stopped: lack of traditions, absence of “Chineseness”, cities identity damaged caused by parametric architecture. Unfortunately, there seems neither nothing going to stop numerous parametric architecture raised up, nor provide a convincible solution to the issues in the contemporary cites in China. This thesis explores the conflict between Chinese vernacular manner and parametric architecture, and investigate how the parametric architecture is able to well fit in the Chinese environment context and express Chinese vernacular ideas which needs to be redefined. It argues the so called ‘Chineseness’ is blur and unclear, or most of people ‘s understanding toward ‘Chineseness’ always stay at the iconic level. It further argue the essences of Chinese vernacular ideas which could be merged into parametric architecture and help to deal with the issues which the contemporary city in China has such as inhumanity scale, lack of green space and public space. The aim is not only to find a way to combine the parametric design and Chinese vernacular ideas harmoniously but also via this combination to solve the issues in Yangzhou which is a representative and typical China contemporary city.</p>

The Export of Commodities and the Validity of the Export-Led Growth (ELG) Hypothesis for the Brazilian Economy: An Analysis of the Commodity Boom Period

The present study examines the Brazilian economy in the light of the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis, in order to examine if this hypothesis is valid for periods in which commodities occupy a significant part of exports, for this reason, for the period known as the “commodity boom”. In order to address the proposed objective, the estimation method used was the autoregression with vector error correction (VEC) in its structural version. The results suggest that the economic growth that occurred in Brazil during the analysed period does not corroborate the ELG hypothesis, which is endorsed by results obtained in similar studies.

El turismo en la provincia mexicana. notas de prensa 1886-1945

Tourism in Mexico had a first boom period in the 1930s, as a result of the spread of the activity in Hispanic America from the end of the 19th century onwards and spurred by the successive Mexican Revolu‑ tion Governments’ policies. Despite its importance of the subject, the effects of the national policies on the tourism at the regional and local levels of the country at that time have been the object of limited research. Therefore, based on press releases, the present text identifies the processes of promotion of tourism and its effects in some of the states and cities In the Mexican provinces during the study period in the hope hat this will motivate further research that allows us to build a more complete vision of how the activity evolved, its effects and the lasting legacy in the different regions of Mexico

Premature Structural Transformation and Income Inequality in Pre and Post Commodity Boom Period in Indonesia

Since 2000, Indonesia had been confronted with the problem of increasing income inequality between the poor and rich. At the same time, there was a shift change in the economic structure. That was the decrease in the contribution of manufacturing sector which was replaced by services sector and the increase in raw material export due to the jump in commodity prices. This study aims to measure the determinants of inequality from the employment side in the form of structural transformation and the economic openness side in the form of trade and investment. By using a dynamic panel model, it is known that the increase on trade openness has a significant effect on the reducing of income inequality, but its effect has diminished in the commodity boom period. Meanwhile, the structural transformation from the agricultural sector to the services sector has contributed a significant role in reducing inequality.

Igarka as a Frontier: Lessons from the Pioneer of the Northern Sea Route

The article considers the development trajectory of Igarka, a pioneer export port of the Northern Sea Route. The focus is made on analyzing the possibilities of preserving the town after the collapse of the town-forming enterprises. The main conceptual framework of the analysis is the Jack London’s hypothesis introduced by Alaskan economist Lee Husky (about potential of frontier cities for further development in the post-boom period). The findings are that the reason for the current economic and social crises in Igarka is not only the change in the conditions of timber export and navigation along the Northern Sea Route in the 1990s, but also the reduced economic functions of the town, as well as the decrease in the diversity of the urban environment as a whole, after paradoxically record production indicators in the last Soviet decades

Role of the Community Reinvestment Act in Mortgage Supply and the U.S. Housing Boom

This paper studies the role of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) in the U.S. housing boom-bust cycle. I find that enhanced CRA enforcement in 1998 increased the growth rate of mortgage lending by CRA-regulated banks to CRA-eligible census tracts. I show that during the boom period house price growth was higher in the eligible census tracts because of the shift in mortgage supply of regulated banks. Consequently, these census tracts experienced a worse housing bust. I find that CRA-induced mortgages were awarded to borrowers with lower FICO scores and were more frequently delinquent.

Trade Performance of Top 2 National Commodity Exchanges: MCX and NCDEX

The commodity futures trading is supported to all sectors of the economy, particularly farmers and consumers. Commodity producers optionally store some production for the future and go for futures contracts to hedge the uncertainty of the futures commodity price. Apart from that Indian commodity market requires major investment and commercial activities in the National and regional markets. But the demand and supply, Indian verses other currencies, export and import parity and current scenario news are the main factors are affecting the commodity trading. This study is focused the second boom period from 2011 to 2018 and identify the trade performances of number 1 and number 2 national commodity exchanges in India.