Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde as control agents of anthracnose on common bean seeds

Abstract Among the fungi that cause damage to the common bean and are disseminated by the seeds, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. e Magn.) Briosi e Cavara stands out. This fungus causes anthracnose in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Use of natural compounds is a viable and safer option than chemicals to manage this disease. Essential oils have shown antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi. According to the results of the in vitro test, we observed complete inhibition of the growth of C. lindemuthianum with the use of cassia cinnamon essential oil ( Cinnamomum cassia ) (EO) and its major component ( E )-Cinnamaldehyde, presenting MIC of 125 µg/mL, while the commercial fungicide presented MIC of 30.6 µg/mL. And in vivo , where seeds naturally infected with C. lindemuthianum were treated with the EO and the substance in a solution with commercial soybean oil, we observed that the treatments did not affect germination and initial seed vigor. In addition, the seed treatment with solutions formulated from EO and ( E )-cinnamaldehyde was efficient for reducing the incidence of anthracnose over the days evaluated, as well as for the commercial fungicide used (methyl thiophanate). This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of C. cassia oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde in the control of C. lindemuthianum through the treatment of common bean seeds.

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Management of Alternaria leaf blight in tomato plants by mentha essential oil

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/100/2019-pps ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 191-196

Author(s):

Kahkashan Perveen ◽

Najat A. Bokhari

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Conidia Germination ◽

Alternaria Leaf Blight

The essential oil obtained by the hydro-distillation of the leaves of Mentha arvensis Linnaeus was evaluated for its antifungal activity against the causal agent of the Alternaria blight of tomatoes, i.e., Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler. The antifungal activity of the mentha essential oil was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The chemical composition of the mentha oil was also identified by GCMS analysis. The in vitro test revealed that the maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth (93.6%) and conidia germination (90.6%) was at the highest concentration (40 µL/mL), furthermore, it was found that the inhibition of the mycelial growth and conidia germination was dose dependent. The in vivo test proved that the application of the mentha essential oil (40 µL/mL) significantly increased the plant height (84.6%), fresh weight (81.5%) and dry weight (80.0%) when compared to the untreated tomato plants. The disease incidence was 3.5 in the untreated plants, while it was 0.93 for the mentha essential oil treated plants and was 0.08 in the carbendazim treated plants. The GC-MS analysis of the mentha essential oil identified 18 compounds in total, among which the percentage of menthol was the highest (69.2%). The mentha essential oil was successful in managing the Alternaria leaf blight in the tomato plants. Therefore, it can be explored further for the development of a natural fungicide.

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In vitro fungitoxic potential of Lippia gracilis (Schauer) essential oil against phytopathogens

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.04.p2310 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 667-674

Author(s):

Kevison Romulo da Silva França ◽

Flavia Mota de Figueredo Alves ◽

Tiago Silva Lima ◽

Alda Leaby dos Santos Xavier ◽

Plínio Tércio Medeiros de Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Negative Control ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Randomized Design

This study evaluates the in vitro effects of Lippia gracilis essential oil on the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Experiments were carried out using a completely randomized design to assess the effects of eight treatments. Five replicates were evaluated for each experimental group. The essential oil was incorporated into the potato dextrose culture medium and poured into Petri dishes. Treatments were comprised of different concentrations of the oil (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%), a negative control (0.0%), and two positive controls (commercial fungicides). The plates were inoculated with fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. musae, C. fructicola, C. asianum, Alternaria alternata, A. brassicicola, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae and were incubated for seven days at 27 ± 2°C. The following variables were measured to verify the differences observed among treatments: percentage of mycelial growth inhibition and index of mycelial growth speed. All concentrations of L. gracilis oil inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungal species evaluated. The complete inhibition was observed between concentrations of 0.0125 and 0.1%. Treatment with oil inhibited fungal growth with similar, or even greater, efficiency than commercial fungicides.. We recommend the development of in vivo tests to verify whether L. gracilis essential oil can protect against fungal disease in live plants.

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Poly(lactic acid) nanocapsules containing lemongrass essential oil for postharvest decay control: In vitro and in vivo evaluation against phytopathogenic fungi

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 326 ◽

pp. 126997 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriela Antonioli ◽

Gabrielli Fontanella ◽

Sérgio Echeverrigaray ◽

Ana Paula Longaray Delamare ◽

Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Postharvest Decay ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

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Control of Alternaria alternata Using Melaleuca Essential Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v40i330364 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Flávia Mota de Figuerêdo Alves ◽

Kevison Romulo da Silva França ◽

Ionaly Gomes de Araújo ◽

Lídia Pinheiro da Nóbrega ◽

Alda Leaby dos Santos Xavier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Growth Speed ◽

In Vitro Test

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the fungitoxic potential of melaleuca essential oil on the mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata under in vitro condition and the treatment of cowpea beans. Study Design: The experiments comprised completely randomized designs: Eleven treatments with five replicates on in vitro test; and six treatments with five replicates on in vivo test. Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out at the Center for Agrifood Science and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, Brazil, since February 2018 to February 2019. Methodology: In the in vitro experiment, the essential oil was incorporated into the culture medium and poured into Petri dishes. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of the essential oil (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0%), a negative control (0.0%), and a positive control (Thiram). Discs of culture medium with fungal mycelia were inoculated in the center of the plates and incubated for seven days at 27±2ºC. The percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (PGI) and the index of mycelial growth speed (IMGS) was calculated to verify the difference between treatments. In the in vivo experiment, the bean seeds were treated with different concentrations of EO (0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0%), a negative control (0.0%), and positive control (Thiram). Seeds were inoculated with colonies of the fungus for 48 hours, and after that, we performed the seed sanity test. Results: Under in vitro conditions, all concentrations of melaleuca essential oil reduced the mycelial growth of A. alternata. The oil reached complete inhibition of fungal growth from 0.2% concentration and above. In the cowpea treatment, the essential oil had no significant control over the percentage of infected seeds. Conclusion: The melaleuca essential oil had a fungitoxic effect on the A. alternata under in vitro conditions. However, using the adopted methodology, on the cowpea bean seed treatment, the essential oil did not reduce the incidence of A. alternata.

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Control of Some Phytopathogenic Fungi Using Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v39i330332 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tiago Silva Lima ◽

Kevison Romulo da Silva França ◽

Plinio Tércio Medeiros de Azevedo ◽

Yaroslávia Ferreira Paiva ◽

José Carlos Santos Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Aims: This study evaluates the inhibitory potential of the clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) on phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and on maize seeds. Study Design: The experiments comprised completely randomized designs: Seven treatments with five replicates on in vitro test; and four treatments with five replicates each, on in vivo test. Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out at the Center for Agrifood Science and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, Brazil, from April to May 2018. Methodology: In the in vitro test, the essential oil was incorporated into the PDA (Potato-Dextrose-Agar) culture medium. The treatments comprised five concentrations of the oil (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%), a negative control (0.0%), and a positive control (Tiram). Plates were inoculated with the tested fungi, Fusarium verticillioides, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Macrophomina pseudophaseolina, then incubated for seven days at 27±2°C. The percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (PGI) and mycelial growth rate index (MGRI) were estimated. In the in vivo test, maize seeds (AG1051 hybrid) were treated with the essential oil on concentrations equal or superior to the minimum inhibitory concentration found in the in vitro test, besides the negative and positive controls. The artificial inoculation was carried out in fungi colonies for 32 hours and the seed sanity test was performed. The percentage of seeds infected by the fungus was evaluated after seven days. Results: In vitro conditions, clove oil totally inhibited the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides, M. phaseolina and M. pseudophaseolina at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.1%, respectively. At 0.2% concentration significantly reduced the incidence of colonies of fungi M. phaseolina and M. pseudophaseolina in hybrid corn seeds AG 1051. Conclusion: The clove essential oil had a fungitoxic effect on the phytopathogens evaluated, under in vitro and in the treatment of maize seeds.

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Screening of plant extracts for antifungal activities against Colletotrichum species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859612000524 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 151 (4) ◽

pp. 482-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. I. G. MASANGWA ◽

T. A. S. AVELING ◽

Q. KRITZINGER

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Acetone Extracts

SUMMARYThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antifungal activities of plant extracts which can be used to control bean and cowpea anthracnose. Acetone, ethyl acetate and water extracts of Ipomoea batatas, Carica papaya, Allium sativum, Syzygium cordatum, Chlorophytum comosum and Agapanthus caulescens were screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Colletotrichum dematium of common bean and cowpea using the agar disc infusion and microtitre double-dilution techniques. The same extracts were then tested for antifungal activity in vivo as seed treatments against anthracnose disease. The water extracts of Carica and Syzygium were active against C. lindemuthianum and had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1·56 mg/ml. Syzygium, Allium and Chlorophytum water extracts were active against C. dematium and MICs were 3·13, 6·25 and 12·5 mg/ml, respectively. The MICs of Allium, Syzygium and Agapanthus acetone extracts were 0·78, 3·13 and 6·25 mg/ml, respectively, against C. lindemuthianum and 0·78, 6·25 and 3·13 mg/ml against C. dematium. Agapanthus water extracts and all the acetone extracts tested in vivo effectively reduced the incidence and severity of bean anthracnose disease in the greenhouse. Agapanthus acetone, Allium water, and both acetone and water extracts of Carica and Syzygium performed well in vivo in reducing cowpea anthracnose disease and compared well with reductions due to the application of the synthetic fungicide fludioxonil+mefenoxam (the commercial product Celest® XL) applied at 25 gai/l and also with levels in the non-inoculated control. The Agapanthus, Carica, Syzygium and Allium extracts were active on both Colletotrichum spp. in vitro and also reduced anthracnose disease of bean and cowpea and are potential seed treatments in anthracnose disease control. The easy seed treatment process and the accessibility of plants used in the present study could lead to high adoption of the use of the plant extracts as seed treatments by resource-poor, smallholder farmers.

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The essential oil from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia Presl inhibits oxytocin-induced uterine contraction in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 206 ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lan Sun ◽

Li-Na Liu ◽

Jia-Chun Li ◽

Yao-Zhong Lv ◽

Shao-Bo Zong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Uterine Contraction ◽

Cinnamomum Cassia ◽

Cinnamomum Cassia Presl

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Antifungal mechanisms of lavender essential oil in the inhibition of rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola in postharvest flat peaches

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2020-0484 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaolin Xiong ◽

Lingling Zhang ◽

Xingyan Li ◽

Qingzhi Zeng ◽

Rongrong Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Monilinia Fructicola ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Main Components ◽

Fungistatic Effect

As a natural antimicrobial agent, lavender essential oil (LEO) is generally recognized to be safe and effective in the inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi. Direct contact and fumigation (in vivo and in vitro) were used to study the fungistatic effect of LEO on Monilinia fructicola. Additionally, the effect on the ultrastructure of cells and degree of destruction of the cell membrane of M. fructicola were revealed. In addition, the effects of LEO on the expression levels of particular apoptosis-related genes in M. fructicola cells were detected and GC-MS was used to analyse the main components of LEO. LEO had a good inhibitory efficacy against M. fructicola in flat peaches, with almost complete growth inhibition with 800 μL / L. These effects were associated with leakage of cytoplasm contents, hyphal distortion and spore disruption. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis RTG1 and RLM1 genes increased on LEO treatment. These results demonstrate that LEO can inhibit M. fructicola by inducing cytoplasmic membrane damage and cell apoptosis of fungi and that the major ingredients of LEO are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes which are presumed to contribute to the inhibitory effects.

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